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Efectos de las instituciones en la dinámica emprendedora del Mercosur durante el período 2002-2017

Author

Listed:
  • Basilico, Natalí

    (Universidad Autónoma de Baja California)

  • Chaparro, Ana Karen Guerrero

    (Universidad Autónoma de Baja California)

  • Mares, Jesús Eduardo López

    (Universidad Autónoma de Baja California)

  • Figueroa, Darío

    (Universidad Autónoma de Baja California)

Abstract
El emprendimiento es reconocido como una actividad capaz de generar empleo, innovación y crecimiento económico. Son múltiples y diversos los factores que lo afectan, entre los que se destacan las instituciones tanto formales como informales. Su estudio es particularmente relevante en Latinoamérica, dada la fuerte presencia de micro, pequenas y medianas empresas; sin embargo, la amplitud territorial y heterogeneidad de la región dificulta la realización de generalizaciones representativas. Por tal motivo, se analizó el efecto de las instituciones en el emprendimiento (por oportunidad y necesidad) en un conjunto de países del Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur), uno de los procesos de integración más importantes de América Latina, a través de la estimación de un modelo de datos panel de efectos aleatorios. Se encontró que, durante el período 2002-2017, las instituciones informales tuvieron mayor efecto en el emprendimiento que las formales. Esta situación supone un desafío adicional para la región, ya que la promoción del emprendimiento como vía para el crecimiento económico requiere de cambios estructurales en aspectos culturales y sociales, cuyo logro no es sencillo ni inmediato. ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************ Entrepreneurship is recognized as an activity capable of generating employment, innovation and economic growth. There are multiple and diverse factors that affect it, among which both formal and informal institutions stand out. Its study is particularly relevant in Latin America, given the strong presence of micro, small and medium enterprises; however, the territorial breadth and heterogeneity of the region makes it difficult to make representative generalizations. For this reason, the effect of institutions on entrepreneurship (by opportunity and necessity) was analyzed in a group of countries of the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), one of the most important integration processes in Latin America, through the estimation of a random effects panel data model. It was found that, during the period 2002-2017, informal institutions had a greater effect on entrepreneurship than formal ones. This situation poses an additional challenge for the region, since the promotion of entrepreneurship as a means of economic growth requires structural changes in cultural and social aspects, the achievement of which is neither simple nor immediate. *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** O empreendedorismo é reconhecido como uma atividade capaz de gerar emprego, inovacao e crescimento economico. Sao múltiplos e diversos os fatores que o afetam, entre os quais se destacam as instituicoes formais e informais. Seu estudo é particularmente relevante na América Latina, dada a forte presenca de micro, pequenas e médias empresas; no entanto, a amplitude territorial e a heterogeneidade da regiao dificultam generalizacoes representativas. Por isso, foi analisado o efeito das instituicoes sobre o empreendedorismo (por oportunidade e necessidade) em um grupo de países do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul), um dos processos de integracao mais importantes da América Latina, por meio da estimativa de um modelo de dados do painel de efeitos. Constatou-se que, no período 2002-2017, as instituicoes informais tiveram maior efeito sobre o empreendedorismo do que as formais. Essa situacao representa um desafio adicional para a regiao, pois a promocao do empreendedorismo como meio de crescimento economico requer mudancas estruturais nos aspectos culturais e sociais, cuja realizacao nao é simples nem imediata.

Suggested Citation

  • Basilico, Natalí & Chaparro, Ana Karen Guerrero & Mares, Jesús Eduardo López & Figueroa, Darío, 2022. "Efectos de las instituciones en la dinámica emprendedora del Mercosur durante el período 2002-2017," Revista Tendencias, Universidad de Narino, vol. 23(2), pages 100-122, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000520:020254
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    América Latina; crecimiento económico; desarrollo regional; empresa; integración económica;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups
    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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