Molokaʻi

Leland Kawano The Friendly Isle
He kiʻi kēia mai Malaka 2016
Hōʻike honua
Kuhikuhina	21° 07′ 59.88″ N, 157° 01′ 59.88″ W
ʻAlea	260 mil ph2
Pae	Nā Mokupuni 'O Hawai'i
Lae kiʻekiʻe loa	Kamakou   4,961 kp
ʻIkepili helu
Heluna kanaka	7,345[1] (ma 2010)
Paʻapū pūʻuo kanaka	28/mil ph2 (1/klm ph2)
Nā hōʻailona kūhelu
Pua	Kukui
Waihoʻoluʻu	ʻŌmaʻomaʻo

ʻO Molokaʻi ai ʻole Molokai (puana: [ˈmoloˈkɐi, ˈmoloˈkɐʔi])^[2]— he mea mokupuni nui loa ʻelima o nā mokupuni o Hawaiʻi. He 38 x 10 mau mile ka nui, a he 260/mil ph2 nui ka ʻāina waiwai, ka mokupuni nui helu 27 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū. Moe hikina (kaʻelelani) mai Oʻahu, ʻo Kaʻiwi ke kōwā ma waena (25 mile), a ʻākau (kaʻelekū) o Lānaʻi, hoʻokaʻawale ke kōwā Kalohi i nā mokupuni.^[3]

He kaiaulu mahiʻai ko ka mokupuni, i holo ʻia ka hoʻokele waiwai mai ka hānai pipi ʻoe, ka mahiʻai halakahiki ʻoe, ka mahiʻai kō ʻoe, a me nā māla ʻai liʻiliʻi. Holo ka hapa iki o ka hoʻokele waiwai mai ka hoʻokipa malihini, a ua kāpae ʻia ka hapa nui o ka ʻōnaepuni hoʻokipa malihini ma ke kekeke 2000 a ua hoʻokū kā Molokai Ranch mau ʻoihana no ka mea ua ʻuʻuku ka loaʻa a ka wahi hānai pipi. Ma ke Kalana o Kalawao, ma ka ʻanemoku o Kalaupapa ma ke kapa kai ʻākau (kaʻelekū), ua kūkulu ʻia nā kauhale ma 1866 no ka hoʻomalu maʻi no nā kanaka Lēpela; ua holo ʻia kēia a i ka makahiki 1969. Mālama Ka Pāka Aupuni Kahiko o Kalaupapa a hoʻomau ke Kalana holoʻokoʻa. Hiki ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe mai Molokai e like me Oʻahu mai nā kapa komohana (kaʻelehonua) Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, a me Maui mai nā kapa hema (kaʻelemoe) a hiki ʻoe ke ʻike pū iā Maui a me ka mokupuni o Hawaiʻi ma kekahi lā mao mai nā kapa hikina (kaʻelelani).

Ua hoʻomōhala o Molokai mai nā luapele kuahene ʻelua i kapa ʻia ka inoa o Wailau (Molokai Hikina) a me Mauna Loa (Molokai Komohana). ʻO ka wahi kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka mokupuni ʻo Kamakou ma Wailau, akahi a 4,970 kapuaʻi.^[3] I kēia au o Wailau ka hapa hema (kaʻelemoe) wale o ka mauna kahiko. Ua hiolo ʻia ka hapa ʻākau (kaʻelekū) akahi a 1.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku ai a moe ka hapa, he wahi nalo i ka moana i kēia manawa. He pali nui loa ma ka honua wale i waiho ʻia a ka luapele kahiko.^[4] He papa koʻa nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ma ke kapa hema (kaʻelemoe) akahi a 25 mau mile ka lōʻihi.^[5] Aia ʻo Molokai ma ka mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi a ma loko o ke Kalana o Maui, ma Hawaiʻi, koe wale ka ʻanemoku o Kalaupapa, aia i ke Kalana o Kalawao. Aia ʻo Maui, Lānaʻi a me Kahoʻolawe ma ke Kalana o Maui pū. ʻO Kaunakakai ke kūlanakauhale nui loa ma ka mokupuni, i loaʻa hoʻokahi o ʻelua mau kauna liʻi ma ka mokupuni. Aia ke Kahua Mokulele o Molokai ma Hoʻolehua, Molokai.

Mahele aku Ke Keʻena Helukanaka o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i 3 mau mahele helukanakaː Census Tract 317 a Census Tract 318 o ke Kalana o Maui, a me Census Tract 319 o ke Kalana o Kalawao. He 7,435 mau poʻe ka lehulehu ma Molokai ma ka helukanaka 2010, ma he wahi ʻāpana ʻāina 260.02 mile/ph 2.^[6] Hoʻokaʻawale o Molokai mai Oʻahu me ke Kōwā Kaʻiwi, mai Maui me ke Kōwā Pailolo, a mai Lānaʻi me ke Kōwā Kalohi.

Ua kapa ʻia ka mokupuni me he mau inoa mai kōʻoneʻipoʻeː Molokai ʻĀina Momona, Molokai Pule Oʻo, a me Molokai Nui A Hina.^[2]

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua o Molokai a me Molokaʻi na poʻe māna leo o Molokai, a he mau paio ma he aha ka inoa maoli. He moʻolelo ka ʻAnakē Harriet Nē i haʻi ʻia e kona moʻopuna Edward Halealoha Ayauː "ʻO ke kumu o ka nalo o ka ʻokina mai ka inoa o Molokai no ka mea ua ʻōlelo ʻia koʻu tūtūwahine i kona manawa kamaliʻi ma Pelekunu aʻole i puana Molokaʻi, akā Molokai wale, a i ke kekeke 1930 ua lilo ka inoa i Molokaʻi, ua piliwi ʻo ia no ka mea ua lilo ka puana a nā puʻukani. Ua kāhea ʻo Mary Kawena Pukuʻi i koʻu tūtūwahine, ʻekolu mau pule i kona hala ʻana, ua haʻi ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Molokai ka puana pololei o ka inoa, a o ka manaʻo no ke kai molo. Ma ke kapa kalakala ʻākau (kaʻelekū) o ka mokupuni, pahu ka moana i ka palu. Ma ke kapa hema (kaʻelemoe) a hikina (kaʻelelani) he mālie ka pā ʻana o ke kai i ke kapa, no ka mea he papa akahi a he hapahā mile i waho ala i ka moana. Eia ka inoa, Molokai, ke kai molo.^[7]

Noʻonoʻo nā akeakamai ua hiki mai nā poʻe kānaka maoli mai nā Mokupuni Makesa ma ka makahiki AD 650. Noʻonoʻo kekahi ua hiki mai nā poʻe kānaka mai Tahiti a Polapola c. 1025-1120. A laila ua hiki mai nā malihini mai Tahiti a nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe ma Polenesia (Haʻamoa a me Tonga).^[8]

Ua ʻike o Kapena Kuke iā Molokai ma ka makahiki 1778, akā o ke kelamoku mua i i hiki mai i Molokai ʻo Kapena George Dixon kāna inoa a no ka ʻOihanamoku Lani Pelekania ʻo ia ma 1786.^[9] ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻEuropa mua ma ka ʻāina ma 1832, i ka manawa i hoʻokahua kekahi misiona Hōʻole Pope ma Kaluaʻaha i ka hope naʻe o ka moku nā Reverend Harvey Hitchcock kēia misiona. ʻO Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer ka mahiʻai kō a kope mua ma Molokai, ua hele mai ʻo ia mai Kelemania i ka makahiki 1850. Ua kūkulu ʻo ia i ka hale wili kō mua a hope ma ka mokupuni i ka makahiki 1878, he hale hōʻikeʻike ma Kalaʻe i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻomaka ka hānai pipi i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 19 i ka manawa a Mōʻī Kamehameha V i hoʻokahua i kekahi kuleana waiwai ma ka moku, i hoʻoponopono ai na Meyer, a kapa ʻia ʻo Molokai Ranch i kēia manawa.^[10] Ua kūkulu ʻo Kamehameha V i kekahi home hoʻomaha ma Kaunakakai (Kalamaʻula), a ua kanu i ka nui aʻe o 1,000 mau kumu nia ma ka uluniu o Kapuāiwa.^[11]

ʻO ka maʻi Lēpela (maʻi Pākē) he hoʻokahi o nā maʻi ʻEuropa/ʻAsia he nui i halihali mai i Hawaiʻi mai nā kālepa, nā kelamoku, a me nā poʻe hanahana i noho i nā kāiaulu maoli o ka maʻi. Ua ʻehaʻeha nā poʻe mai nā make nui mai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, ke kolela, ke kune kalea, a me ka maʻi lēpela, no ka mea he palekana ʻole nā poʻe maoli mai kēia mau maʻi. Ua makaʻu nā mahiʻai kō mai ka hopena o ko lākou mau limahana a ua hoʻokaomi lākou i ke aupuni e hoʻomaka i kekahi panālaʻau lepēla ma 1907. Ua hoʻokō ke aupuni i kekahi palapala e pale i nā poʻe lēpe. Ua hoʻokahua ke aupuni iā Kalawao ma ka ʻanemoku mehameha o Kalaupapa ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau (kaʻelekū) o Molokai, a ua hāhai aku o kekahi panālaʻau ma Kalaupapa i holo ia mai ka makahiki 1866 a i 1969. No ka mea he ao maikaʻi aʻe o Kalaupapa mai Kalawao, a he maʻalahi aʻe ke holomoana, ua lilo o Kalaupapa i ke kāiaulu kikoʻī ma ke ʻanemoku. A ua kūkulu ʻia kekahi haukapila noiʻi ma Kalawao. Ua hiki i 1100 mau poʻe maʻi ma nā panālaʻau ma hope ke kenekulia 20. I nā kekeke ua noho 8500 kāne, wahine a keiki ma nā mokupuni Hawaiʻi a loaʻa maʻi lepēla i wailana ʻia i ka panālaʻau mai ke aupuni Hawaiʻi, a ua make pū. Ua lilo ke kuleana i ka panālaʻau o Hawaiʻi. Aʻole ua hiki nā poʻe maʻi ke haʻalele i ke ʻanemoku a aʻole ua hiki nā poʻe ke kipa iā lākou a ua pono e noho a hala ma ʻō. Ma 1969 wa lilo ke kānāwai kahiko a ua hoʻohuli ka pale maʻi. Ua koho nā poʻe i maʻi ma mua ma Kalaupapa e noho ma ʻō, ʻo ka hapanui no ke koena o ko lākou mau ola. Ma ke kenekulia 21, aʻole he poʻe ma ka mokupuni me he maʻi lepēla, mai ka laʻau.

ʻO Pater Damiaan de Veuster, kekahi kahu Belegiuma o ke "Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary" kekahi misionele no 16 may makahiki ma nā kāiaulu i ʻehaʻeha mai ka maʻi lēpela. Ua hele ʻo Joseph Dutton, ka mea i hana ai ma ka ʻaʻa pūʻali kaua kaʻi wāwae o Wikonesina i ka manawa o ke kaua kūloko, i Molokai ma 1868, no ka mea ua lilo ʻo ia i ke Katolika Roma i ka makahiki 1883, ua kōkua ʻo ia iā Pāpā Damiane a ka lehulehu o Kalaupapa i ka makahiki 1886. Ua hala ʻo Pāpā Damiane ma 1889 a ua hala ʻo Joseph Dutton ma Honolulu i ka makahiki o 1921 i kona makahiki 87. Ua lawe mai o Māmā Marianne Cope o nā Kaikuahine o Sana Francis o Sycrause, New York, i 6 o kona mau Wilikuna e hana ma Hawaiʻi me nā poʻe lēpe i ke kenekulia 19 lohi, a ua hana pū ma Molokai. Ua hoʻolilo ʻo Pāpā Damiane lāua ʻo Māmā Marianne i he mau saneta mai ka Hoʻomana Katolika Roma no kō lākou hana no nā poʻe lēpe. I Kekemapa 2015 ua hoʻomaka ke kumu o Joseph Dutton, a ua lilo ʻo ia i Kanaka Hana a o Ke Akua^{[pono i ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo][12]}

Hoʻokahi haukapila kā Molokai, "Molokai General Hospital" he ʻāpana o nā haukapila o Mōʻīwahine Liliʻuokalani (haukapila kuini.) Loaʻa pū i ka Hale Ola Kāiaulu o Molokai (Molokai Community Health Center), a me ka Hale Ola ʻOhana o Molokai (Molokai Family Health Center), a me Daniel McGuire, MD. Ua nunui ka ʻike laʻau lapaʻau kō kēia ʻāina, a ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka lapaʻau no nā kenekulia ma ka moku. He māmaki ʻoe, he ʻawa ʻoe, he ʻuhaloa ʻoe, he ʻōlena ʻoe, a he mau meakanu laʻau like ʻole i hana ai ma kēia mokupuni.

He ʻehā mau kula haʻahaʻa ma ka mokupuni, ʻo Ke Kula Haʻahaʻa o Kilohana (ma Ualapuʻe), Ke Kula Haʻahaʻa o Kaunakakai, Ke Kula Palapala Hoʻohui Haʻahaʻa o Kualapuʻu, a me Ke Kula Haʻahaʻa o Mauna Loa. Hoʻokahi kula waena a hoʻokahi kula kiʻekiʻe lehulehu ma ka mokupuni, ʻo Ke Kula Waena o Molokai, a me Ke Kula Kiʻekiʻe o Molokai. He ʻelua mau kula pilikono ma ka mokupuni, o Akaʻula a me Hoʻomana Hou. He mau kula kamaliʻi ma ka mokupuni e like me, MEO, Kamaliʻi Hoaaloha, Tūtū & Me, Pūnana Leo o Molokai, a me All Godʻs Children. He ʻelua mau ʻāpana kula kaiapuni Hawaiʻi ma ka mokupuni ʻo Ke Kula Kaiapuni o Kualapuʻu, he ʻāpana o ke Kula Palapala Hoʻohui Haʻahaʻa o Kualapuʻu, a me ʻO Hinaikamālama, he ʻāpana o Ke Kula Waena o Molokai a Ke Kula Kiʻekiʻe o Molokai. Loaʻa hoʻokahi kulanui lehulehu ma ka mokupuni, ʻo Molokai Education Center (Kulanui Aʻo Molokai), he ʻāpana o Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Maui.^[13]

He mau pākā kō ka mokupuni, akā aʻole he limahana, wai maʻe, ai ʻole ka lua no ka hapanui o nā pākā. ʻO nā pāka ma ke Kalana o Maui he Pāka Mokuʻāina o Palaʻau, Pāka Kahakai o Kiowea, Ka ʻĀina Hoʻomalu Holoholona Lōhiu o Kakahaʻia, Hoʻokaʻawale Nāhele o Molokai, Mālama o Pelekunu, Pākā Kahakai o George Murphy (Kūmimi), Pākā Kahakai o Hālawa, a me ka Pākā Kahakai o Pāpohaku (me he kapa 3 mile ka lōʻihi). I kēia lā ua mālama ʻia ʻo ke Kalana o Kalawao na ka Pākā Kahiko Aupuni o Kalaupapa (hiki ke pā me ka holo hoki, ka hele wāwae māmao, ʻai ʻole ka hiki mokulele).

The island contains many parks and other protected areas, but most parks do not have service staff, potable water, or restroom facilities. Parks within the Maui County parks jurisdiction include Palaʻau State Park, Kiowea Beach Park, Kakahaiʻa National Wildlife Refuge, Molokaʻi Forest Reserve, Pelekunu Preserve, George Murphy Beach Park, Hālawa Beach Park, and Papohaku Beach Park (with a 3 miles (4.8 km) beach) in the portion within Maui County. Today Kalawao County is preserved by the Kalaupapa National Historical Park (accessible by guided mule or hiking tour).^[14][15]

• Mother Marianne Cope, he wilikina kenekulia 19
• Father Damien de Veuster, he kahu a saneta kenekulia 19 Katolika
• Joseph Dutton, misioneli Katolika i hana me Pāpā Damien
• Peter Johnson Gulick, misioneli Hōʻole Pope
• Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, misioneli Hōʻole Pope
• Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr., Kime All America Pōpeku Kulanui 1913
• John S. K. Kauwe III - Kanaka kālaimeaolaa pelekikena o Ke Kulanui o Brigham Young ma Hawaiʻi
• Melveen Leed, puʻukani
• Linda Lingle, ke kiaʻāina 6 o Hawaiʻi
• Keith Luuloa, he pāʻani kinipōpō kaulana (Anaheim Angels)
• Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer, Loea kālaiʻāina a kanaka ʻoihana mahiʻai o Hawaiʻi
• William Ragsdale, He loea kālaiʻāina a he loio kaulana Hawaiʻi, he luna no Kalaupapa no 4 mau makahiki (1874-1878)
• Arthur Albert St. Mouritz, He kauka lepēla o Kalaupapa (1884-1887). Ua wehewehe ʻo ia pehea i hāliʻi ai ka maʻi lepēla
• Kirby Wright, he haku mele a puke
• Lois-Ann Yamanaka, he haku mele a puke

• Nuakea, Aliʻiwahine nui o Molokai
• Hualani, Aliʻiwahine nui o Molokai i ke kenekulia 9
• Keʻoloʻewa-a-Kamauaua, Aliʻi Aimoku 2 o Molokai^{citation needed]}
• Kapauanuakea, Aliʻi Aimoku 3 o Molokai
• Kamauliwahine, Aliʻi Aimoku 4 o Molokai
• Kanipahu, Aliʻinui o Molokai i ke kenekulia 11
• Kamauaua, Aliʻinui o Molokai i ke kenekulia 11 ai ʻole 13
• Kaupeepeenuikauila, Kamāliʻi o Molokai i ke kenekulia 12^{[citation needed]}
• Kahokuohua, Aliʻinui o Molokai i ke kenekulia 15
• Kalanipehu, Aliʻinui o Molokai i ke kenekulia 17
• Kanealai, Aliʻiwahine nui a kuhina nui o Molokai i ke kenekulia 18

• Kaunakakai
• Kualapuʻu
• Hoʻolehua
• Kalaupapa
• Kalawao
• Ualapuʻe
• Kaluaʻaha
• Hālawa
• Wailau
• Pelekunu
• Kamalō
• Kawela
• Kaluakoʻi
• Maunaloa
• Kamiloloa
• Kapaʻakea
• Kalamaʻula

He moʻolelo na ka hānau mokupuni kā Molokai. Ma he mau oli kahikohiko o Hawaiʻi ua haʻi ʻia ʻo Hina lāua ʻo Wākea nā mākua o Molokai. Ua hoʻopunalua o Wākea me Hina (ʻo Papahānaumoku kona wahine mua), no laila ma ka moʻolelo he mau kuaʻana a kaikaina kā Molokai (Hawaiʻi, Maui, Lānaʻi, Oʻahu, Kauaʻi, Niʻihau, Kahoʻolawe, Hāloanakalaukapalili, Hāloa, a me Hoʻohōkūkalani^[16]

Mokupuni o Hawai‘i
Hawai‘i Maui O‘ahu Moloka‘i Lāna‘i Ni‘ihau Kaho‘olawe Kaua‘i

1. ↑ "Molokai Shows Population Decline Over the Past Decade". 
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} https://themolokaidispatch.com/so-it-molokai-or-moloka-i/#:~:text=If%20you%20look%20in%20the,most%2C%20the%20question%20ends%20there.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} http://dbedt.hawaii.gov/economic/
4. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2021-03-04. 
5. ↑ http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/115/11/1344
6. ↑ http://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/economic/databook/2010-individual/01/010510.pdf
7. ↑ http://imagesofoldhawaii.com/molokai-or-moloka%CA%BBi/
8. ↑ http://www.pnas.org/content/108/5/1815.full
9. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20141029154254/http://visitmolokai.com/history.php
10. ↑ https://plus.google.com/+PeterTYoung/posts/9uCvxbhL7rr
11. ↑ "Molokai History" gov.hawaii.org
12. ↑ https://www.nps.gov/kala/learn/historyculture/a-brief-history-of-kalaupapa.htm
13. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2021-03-04. 
14. ↑ http://www.gohawaii.com/molokai/regions-neighborhoods/central-molokai/kalaupapa-national-historic-park
15. ↑ http://www.gohawaii.com/molokai/regions-neighborhoods/west-end/papohaku-beach
16. ↑ http://ulukau.org/algene/cgi-bin/algene?a=d