Wada

Wada
Description (en)
Iri	growth disorder (en)
Specialty (en)	medical genetics (en)
Symptoms and signs (en)	short stature (en)
Identifier (en)
ICD-10	E34.2, E45.0 da Q77.4
ICD-9	253.3 da 259.4
DiseasesDB	80
MedlinePlus	001176
eMedicine	001176
MeSH	D004392

Wada ko Gajere wani yanayi ne da kwayoyin halitta ke da ƙanƙanta na musamman, kuma galibi suna faruwa a cikin daular dabbobi.^[1] A cikin mutane, wani lokacin ana bayyana shi azaman babban tsayin da bai wuce 4 feet 10 inches (147 cm), ko da kuwa jima'i; Matsakaicin tsayin manya a cikin mutanen da ke da dwarfism shine 4 feet (120 cm)^[2][3]. Dwarfism mara daidaituwa yana siffanta ko dai gajerun gaɓoɓi ko gajeriyar jiki. A cikin yanayin dwarfism daidai gwargwado, duka gaɓoɓi da gaɓoɓin jikinsu ƙanana ne da ba a saba gani ba. Hankali yawanci al'ada ne, kuma yawancin suna da kusan tsawon rayuwa na yau da kullun.^[4] Mutanen da ke da dwarfism yawanci suna iya haifan yara, ko da yake akwai ƙarin haɗari ga uwa da yaro dangane da yanayin da ke ciki. Yadda aka fi gane nau'i na dwarfism a cikin mutane (wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 70 cikin dari na lokuta) shine achondroplasia, cuta ta kwayoyin halitta wanda gaɓoɓin jiki ke raguwa.^[5] Rashin ƙarancin hormone girma yana da alhakin yawancin sauran lokuta. Akwai kuma wasu dalilai marasa yawa. Maganin yanayin ya dogara da ainihin dalilin. Wadanda ke da cututtukan kwayoyin halitta irin su osteochondrodysplasia ana iya bi da su a wasu lokuta tare da tiyata ko jiyya na jiki. Hakanan za'a iya magance rashin lafiyar hormone tare da haɓakar hormone girma kafin farantin girma na yaro ya haɗa. Wuraren ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun mutane, kamar kayan daki na musamman, galibi suna amfani da mutane masu dwarfism. Ƙungiyoyin tallafi da yawa^[6]

siffa ta dwarfism ita ce babba mai tsayi kasa da 2.3% na daidaitattun sigogin girma na CDC. Akwai nau'ikan halaye na zahiri.^[7] Ana gano bambance-bambance a cikin ɗaiɗaikun mutane ta hanyar ganowa da lura da rashin lafiyar da ke ciki. Wataƙila ba za a sami wani rikitarwa a waje da ya dace da girman su ba.

Gajeren sura shine maye gurbin gama gari na kalmar 'dwarfism', musamman a mahallin likita. An bayyana ɗan gajeren tsayi a asibiti azaman tsayi a cikin mafi ƙanƙanta 2.3% na waɗanda ke cikin yawan jama'a. Duk da haka, waɗanda ke da ƙananan dysplasias kwarangwal bazai iya shafar dwarfism ba. A wasu lokuta na hypochondroplasia ba tare da magani ba, maza suna girma zuwa 5 feet 5 inches (165 cm) . Ko da yake wannan gajere ne a cikin mahallin dangi, baya faɗuwa cikin matsanancin jeri na sigogin girma.

==Abunda ke jawowa-- Dwarfism na iya haifar da yanayin kiwon lafiya da yawa, kowanne yana da nasa bayyanar cututtuka da dalilai. Ƙunƙarar ƙanƙara a cikin mutane tare da sassan jiki na jiki yawanci yana da dalili na hormonal,^[8] irin su raunin hormone girma, wanda ake kira dwarfism pituitary . Achondroplasia shine ke da alhakin yawancin lamuran dwarfism na ɗan adam, tare da spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia da dysplasia distrophic .

A cikin maza da mata, kawai abin da ake buƙata don ɗaukar dwarf shine samun tsayin manya a ƙasa da 147 cm (4 ft 10 a) kuma kusan ko da yaushe ana rarraba shi dangane da yanayin da ake ciki wanda shine sanadin gajeren tsayi. Dwarfism yawanci yana faruwa ne ta hanyar bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta; Achondroplasia yana faruwa ne ta hanyar maye gurbi akan chromosome 4 . Idan dwarfism ya kasance ta hanyar rashin lafiya, ana kiran mutumin da rashin lafiyar da aka gano. Cututtukan da ke haifar da dwarfism galibi ana rarraba su ta hanyar daidaitawa. Dwarfism mara daidaituwa yana bayyana rikice-rikice waɗanda ke haifar da adadin sassan jiki da ba a saba gani ba, yayin da ƙaƙƙarfan dwarfism ke haifar da tsangwama iri ɗaya na jiki gabaɗaya

Yawancin nau'ikan dwarfism a halin yanzu ba za a iya hana su ba saboda ana haifar da su ta asali. Za a iya gano yanayin kwayoyin halitta da ke haifar da dwarfism tare da gwajin kwayoyin halitta, ta hanyar tantance takamaiman bambance-bambancen da ke haifar da yanayin. Duk da haka, saboda yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da dwarfism, yana iya yiwuwa ba zai yiwu a tantance tabbatacciyar ko za a haifi yaro da dwarfism ba.