Kogin Kagera

Kogin Kagera
General information
Tsawo	400 km
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	0°56′41″S 31°46′36″E / 0.9447°S 31.7767°E / -0.9447; 31.7767
Kasa	Burundi, Ruwanda, Tanzaniya da Uganda
Hydrography (en)
Tributary (en)	duba Kogin Nyabarongo Kogin Rurubu
Watershed area (en)	60,000 km²
Ruwan ruwa	Nile basin (en)
Tabkuna	Lake Victoria (en)
River mouth (en)	Lake Victoria (en)

Kogin Kagera, wanda aka fi sani da Kogin Akagera, ko Alexandra Nile, kogi ne na Afirka ta Gabas, yanayin wani ɓangare na saman ruwan Kogin Nilu kuma yana ɗaukar ruwa daga asalinsa mafi nisa.^[1] 167 Tare da tsawon 597 kilomita (371 mi) ) daga tushenta dake Tafkin Rweru a Rwanda.

Bangaren kogi mai suna Kagera ya fara ne daga Burundi, yana malala daga Tafkin Rweru. Daga tabkin, yana kwarara gabas ta kan iyakar Rwanda-Burundi da Rwanda-Tanzania don haɗuwa da Kogin Ruvubu. Ta haka ne aka samar da ruwan Kagera ta wasu manyan rafuka guda biyu, Nyabarongo na Rwanda, wanda ke ciyar da Tafkin Rweru, da kuma Ruvubu na Burundi. Ba a san ko wanne daga cikin waɗannan kogunan ciyarwar guda biyu ne ya fi tsayi ba saboda haka shine asalin Nilu. Daga wurin haduwa, Kagera yana kwarara zuwa arewa ta kan iyakar Rwanda da Tanzania, a kan Rusumo Falls da kuma ta Akagera National Park. Daga nan sai ya juya zuwa gabas, yana bin iyakar Tanzania da Uganda kuma ya wofinta zuwa Tafkin Victoria a Uganda. A cikin 1898, Richard Kandt ya gano asalin Kagera.^[2]

Kogin ya yi fice sosai a tarihin kasashen da ya ratsa, musamman Ruwanda. A cikin 1894, Bajamushe Gustav Adolf von Götzen ya tsallaka Kagera a Rusumo Falls, ya fara zamanin mulkin mallakar Rwandan; kuma a cikin 1916, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, ’yan Beljiyam suka ci Jamusawa, suka shiga Rwanda ta wannan hanyar. Kogin ya sami daraja a duniya a cikin 1994 saboda daukar gawarwaki daga kisan kiyashin Rwandan zuwa Lake Victoria, wanda ya sa aka ayyana dokar ta baci a yankunan Yuganda, inda daga karshe wadannan gawawwaki suka tafi.

Kagera ya tashi a cikin Burundi ya kwarara zuwa Tafkin Victoria. Shine mafi girma tafkin daya shigo cikin tafkin ya shigo Victoria, yana bayar da gudummawar kimanin mitakyub biliyan 6.4 a shekara (kimanin kashi 28 cikin dari na kwararar tafkin). An kafa Kagera ne ta hanyar haɗin Ruvuvu da Nyabarongo, kusa da ƙarshen arewacin Tafkin Tanganyika. Tana kafa sassan iyakokin Burundi – Tanzania, Rwanda – Tanzania, Burundi – Rwanda, da Tanzania-Uganda. Tana ba da suna ga Akagera National Park a arewacin Ruwanda, da kuma yankin Kagera na Tanzania. A kan kogin akwai Rusumo Falls, muhimmin mashigin tsakanin Rwanda da Tanzania. Yana kusa da garin Rusumo.

Kogin Kagera yana da wadataccen kifi. Ya zuwa 2001, akwai aƙalla nau'ikan kifaye 55 da aka sani daga ɓangaren Rwandan kawai kuma ainihin adadin na iya yawa.^[3] Bugu da ƙari, akwai aƙalla nau'ika 15 na haplochromine cichlids waɗanda ba su da kyau ga wasu daga cikin tabkuna a ɓangarorin saman kogin.^[4] Saboda yawan faduwar ruwa da hanzari, an raba bangarori daban-daban na Kogin Kagera a bayyane, yana sanya motsi a tsakanin su da wahala ko ma ba zai iya kamun kifi ba.^[3][5]

A lokacin kisan kare dangin na Ruwanda na 1994, an yi amfani da Kagera wajen zubar da gawarwaki yayin da aka kashe dubban 'yan Tutsi da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na siyasa a gabar kogin. Kogin ya kawo gawarwakin da aka kashe cikin Tafkin Victoria, wanda ke haifar da mummunan haɗari ga lafiya ga mutane a cikin Uganda.

1. ↑ Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, 08033994793.ABA
2. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2019-09-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} De Vos, L; J. Snoeks; D.T. van den Audenaerde (2001). "An Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Rwanda (East Central Africa), With Historical Data on Introductions of Commercially Important Species". Journal of East African Natural History. 90 (1): 41–68. doi:10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2.
4. ↑ Sayer, C.A.; L. Máiz-Tomé; W.R.T. Darwall (2018). Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en. ISBN 9782831718965.
5. ↑ Berakhi, Robel Ogbaghebriel; Oyana, Tonny J.; Adu-Prah, Samuel (2014-05-23). "Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa". African Geographical Review. 34 (3): 209–231. doi:10.1080/19376812.2014.912140. ISSN 1937-6812. S2CID 153931262.

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