Fir'auna

Fir'auna sun kasance sarakunan tsohuwar Misira . ^[1] Kalmar ta fito ne daga kalmar yare ta Coptic Per-aa, wanda ke nufin "Babban Gida ". An yi imani cewa Fir'auna sun fito daga zuriyar allolin .

'Yan Adam na farko sun rayu kwarin Kogin Nilu aƙalla shekaru 700,000. ^[2] Yankin yana da tarihin wayewar ɗan Adam, amma Masar a matsayin ƙasa ta fara ne kusan 5660 BC . ^[3] A wannan lokacin, masarautun daban na Manya da Egyptananan Misira sun haɗu.

Mutanen da ke nazarin tarihin Masar sun raba Fir'aunan zuwa ƙungiyoyi 31, waɗanda ake kira dauloli . Waɗannan daulolin yawanci, amma ba koyaushe ba, suna dogara ne da rukunin dangi. A tsawon lokacin da Fir'auna ya yi yana mulkin Masar, akwai lokacin da ba su mallaki kasar baki daya ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa wasu dauloli suna iko da wani yanki ne kawai na ƙasar, kuma wani daular ya mulki wani bangare a lokaci guda. Hakanan babu cikakkun bayanai, saboda haka akwai gibi a cikin jerin sunayen fir'auna, kuma zai iya zama da wahala sosai a lissafa masu mulki bisa tsarin lokaci. Asalin fir'aunonin farko sun wanzu ne kawai kamar almara .

Kafin haɗuwar Manya da ƙananan Misira, sarakuna suna sanya rawanin kamanni daban-daban, don nuna wane yanki na Misira suke mulki. An saka jan kambi a Egyptasar Misira. An saka farin kambi a Misira ta sama. Daga baya, sarakunan ɗaukacin Misira na d wore a sun sa rawanin rawanin guda biyu, wanda ake kira da Pschent .

Lokacin da fir'auna ya mutu, an binne dukiyar su tare da su; ba dukiyar duk mulkin ba. Fir'aunawan sun binne a manyan kaburbura, mafi girma kuma mafi shahara shine Pyramids . Fir'auna da yawa daga baya an binne su a kwarin sarakuna . Zane da 08080160327 rubuce da aka gano a waɗannan kaburburan sun ba da yawancin iliminmu game da fir'auna. Sabbin abubuwan da aka gano, irin su a shekarar 2014 na sabuwar daular da wani fir'auna da ba a san shi ba, Senebkay, ke canzawa abin da muka sani game da Misira ta da. Sun kasance galibi maza ne, amma akwai mata kamar Cleopatra da Nefertiti . Fir'auna an ɗauke su rabin mutum ne kuma rabin allah.

Fir'auna na farko shine Narmer, kodayake baiyi amfani da kalmar ba. Misarawa sun yi imanin cewa fir'aunan su shine gumakan Horus . Fir'auna suna da mata da yawa amma mata ɗaya ne kawai sarauniya.

• Jerin sunayen fir'auna
• Jerin Abydos na Sarki
• Jerin sunayen Karnak
• Dutse na Palermo
• Jerin Sarki na Turin

1. ↑ see Hatshepsut.
2. ↑ Kendrickx, Stan & Vermeersch, Pierre 2000. Prehistory: from the palaeolithic to the Badarian culture. In Shaw, Ian (ed) The Oxford history of ancient Egypt.
3. ↑ Bard, Kathryn A. (2000) The emergence of the Egyptian state. In Shaw, Ian (ed) The Oxford History of ancient Egypt.