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Graves' disease

From Wikipedia
Graves' disease
class of disease
Subclass ofhyperthyroidism, disease Edit
Dem name afterRobert James Graves, Karl Adolph von Basedow Edit
Health specialtyendocrinology Edit
Genetic associationSLAMF6, ABO, FCRL3, TSHR Edit
ICD-9-CM242.00 Edit

Graves' disease, dem sanso know am as toxic diffuse goiter anaa Basedow’s disease, be autoimmune disease wey dey affect de thyroid.[1] E frequently dey result insyd wey ebe de most common cause of hyperthyroidism.[2] E sanso often dey result insyd enlarged thyroid.[1] Signs den symptoms of hyperthyroidism fi include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat, poor tolerance of heat, diarrhea den unintentional weight loss.[1] Oda symptoms fi include thickening of de skin for de shins, dem know as pretibial myxedema, den eye bulging, a condition cause by Graves' ophthalmopathy.[1] About 25 to 30% of people plus de condition develop eye problems.[1][3]

Graves disease symptoms

Diagnosis

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Graves disease fi present clinically plus one anaa more of dese characteristic signs:

  • Rapid heartbeat (80%)
  • Diffuse palpable goiter plus audible bruit (70%)
  • Tremor (40%)
  • Exophthalmos (protuberance of one anaa both eyes), periorbital edema (25%)
  • Fatigue (70%), weight loss (60%) plus increased appetite insyd young people den poor appetite insyd de elderly, den oda symptoms of hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis
  • Heat intolerance (55%)
  • Tremulousness (55%)
  • Palpitations (50%)

Eye disease

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Severity of eye disease fi be classified by de mnemonic: "NO SPECS":[4]

  • Class 0: No signs anaa symptoms
  • Class 1: Only signs (limited to upper lid retraction den stare, plus anaa widout lid lag)
  • Class 2: Soft tissue involvement (oedema of conjunctivae den lids, conjunctival injection, etc.)
  • Class 3: Proptosis
  • Class 4: Extraocular muscle involvement (usually plus diplopia)
  • Class 5: Corneal involvement (primarily due to lagophthalmos)
  • Class 6: Sight loss (due to optic nerve involvement)

Antithyroid drugs

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Radioiodine

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Scan of affected thyroid before (top) den after (bottom) radioiodine therapy

Surgery

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Eyes

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Prognosis

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Epidemiology

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Most common causes of hyperthyroidism by age[5]

History

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Society den culture

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Notable cases

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Marty Feldman use ein bulging eyes, cause by Graves' disease, for comedic effect.
  • Ayaka, Japanese singer, na dem diagnose plus Graves disease insyd 2007. After she go public plus ein diagnosis insyd 2009, she take two-year hiatus from music make she focus for treatment top.[6][7]
  • Susan Elizabeth Blow, American educator den founder of de first publicly funded kindergarten insyd de United States, na dem force am make she retire den seek treatment for Graves disease insyd 1884.
  • George H. W. Bush, former U.S. presido, he develop fresh atrial fibrillation wey na dem diagnose insyd 1991 plus hyperthyroidism secof de disease wey dem treat am plus radioactive iodine.[8] De presido ein wifey, Barbara Bush, sanso develope de disease around de same time, wich, insyd ein case, produce severe infiltrative exophthalmos.[9]
  • Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian den actor[10]
  • Gail Devers, American sprinter: A doctor dem consider make dem amputate ein feet after she develop blistering den swelling wey dey follow radiation treatment for Graves' disease, buh she go on make she recover den win Olympic medals.
  • Missy Elliott, American hip-hop artist[11]
  • Marty Feldman, British comedy writer, comedian den actor[12][13]
  • Sia, Australian singer den songwriter[14]
  • Sammy Gravano, Italian-American former underboss of de Gambino crime family[15]
  • Jim Hamilton, Scottish rugby player, na he discover he get Graves' disease shortly after she retire from de sport insyd 2017.[16]
  • Heino, German folk singer, wey ein dark sunglasses (he wear make he hide ein symptoms) cam turn part of ein trademark look[17]
  • Herbert Howells, British composer; de first person make dem treat plus radium injections
  • Vybz Kartel, Jamaican dancehall musician; he contract de disease while dem incarcerate am[18]
  • Yayoi Kusama, Japanese artist[19]
  • Nadezhda Krupskaya, Russian Communist den wifey of Vladimir Lenin[20]
  • Umm Kulthum wey na she be Egyptian singer, songwriter, den film actress active from de 1920s to de 1970s.
  • Barbara Leigh, American former actress den fashion model, now spokeswoman for de National Graves' Disease Foundation[21]
  • Keiko Masuda, Japanese singer den one-half of de duo Pink Lady.[22][23][24][25]
  • Yūko Miyamura, Japanese voice actress[26]
  • Lord Monckton, former UKIP den Conservative politician; notorious promoter of climate change denial[27][28]
  • Sophia Parnok, Russian poet[29][30]
  • Sir Cecil Spring Rice, British ambassador to de United States during World War I, he die suddenly of de disease insyd 1918.[31]
  • Daisy Ridley, British actress[32]
  • Christina Rossetti, English Victorian-era poet[33]
  • Dame Maggie Smith, British actress[34]
  • Mary Webb, British novelist den poet[35]
  • Wendy Williams, American TV show host[36]
  • Act Yasukawa, Japanese professional wrestler[37]

Literature

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  • Insyd Italo Svevo ein novel Zeno's Conscience, character Ada dey develop de disease.[38]
  • Ern Malley wey na he be acclaimed Australian poet wey dem no publish til after ein death from Graves' disease insyd 1943. However, Malley ein existence den entire biography wey na dem actually later reveal am say e be literary hoax.

Research

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Agents wey dey act as antagonists at thyroid wey dey stimulate hormone receptors dey under investigation as possible treatment for Graves' disease.[39]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Graves Disease". www.niddk.nih.gov. August 10, 2012. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-02.
  2. ↑ Burch HB, Cooper DS (December 2015). "Management of Graves Disease: A Review". JAMA. 314 (23): 2544–54. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16535. PMID 26670972.
  3. ↑ Brent GA (June 2008). "Clinical practice. Grave disease". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (24): 2594–605. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0801880. PMID 18550875.
  4. ↑ Cawood T, Moriarty P, O'Shea D (August 2004). "Recent developments in thyroid eye disease". BMJ. 329 (7462): 385–90. doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7462.385. PMC 509348. PMID 15310608.
  5. ↑ Carlé, Allan; Pedersen, Inge Bülow; Knudsen, Nils; Perrild, Hans; Ovesen, Lars; Rasmussen, Lone Banke; Laurberg, Peter (2011). "Epidemiology of subtypes of hyperthyroidism in Denmark: a population-based study". European Journal of Endocrinology. 164 (5): 801–809. doi:10.1530/EJE-10-1155. ISSN 0804-4643. PMID 21357288.
  6. ↑ "水嶋ヒロ・絢香、2ショット会見で結婚報告 絢香はバセドウ病を告白、年内で休業へ" (in Japanese). Oricon. April 3, 2009. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  7. ↑ "絢香、初のセルフ・プロデュース・アルバムが発売決定！" (in Japanese). CDJournal. December 1, 2011. Archived from the original on October 15, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  8. ↑ Okie, Susan (May 10, 1991). "Bush's Thyroid Condition Diagnosed As Graves' Disease". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  9. ↑ Altman LK (1991-05-28). "The Doctor's World — A White House Puzzle: Immunity Ailments-Science Section". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  10. ↑ Islam S (2017-01-23). "Thyroid gland – Hyperplasia / goiter – Graves disease". Pathologyoutlines.com. Archived from the original on 2016-12-14. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
  11. ↑ Oldenburg A (2011-06-24). "Update: Missy Elliott 'completely managing' Graves' disease". USA Today. Gannett.
  12. ↑ "Famous People with Graves' Disease". HRFnd. December 15, 2013. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  13. ↑ Kuhlenbeck M (June 29, 2016). "Marty Feldman versus the Suits". Jewish Currents (in American English). Retrieved 2018-02-22. Viewers also could not help being amazed by his bulging eyes, which had resulted from a botched operation for Graves' disease.
  14. ↑ Rota G. "Facts About Sia Furler | Popsugar Celebrity Australia". Popsugar.com.au. Archived from the original on 2015-02-09. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  15. ↑ Guart, Al (March 31, 2002). "Rare Disease Could Whack Sammy Bull". New York Post. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Hamilton talks about his disease on his podcast". YouTube. 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
  17. ↑ "Crossover Crooner: The Strange Comeback of Germany's Wannabe Johnny Cash". Spiegel.de. 2013-02-07. Archived from the original on 2014-11-19. Retrieved 2014-07-27.
  18. ↑ "All You Need To Know About Vybz Kartel's Health Battle With Graves Disease by Murugi Gichovi". Capital FM. August 8, 2024. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  19. ↑ "Yayoi Kusama by Grady T. Turner". Bomb Magazine. January 1, 1999. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  20. ↑ "Revolutionary First Lady: the life and struggles of Lenin's wife". Russia Beyond. Archived from the original on 2018-04-18. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  21. ↑ "Barbara Leigh". Home.rmci.net. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  22. ↑ "［歌手 増田恵子さん］バセドー病（１）マイク持つ手が震える". Yomiuri Shimbun. 2011-08-04. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
  23. ↑ "［歌手 増田恵子さん］バセドー病（２）同じ病 姉の存在が支えに". Yomiuri Shimbun. 2011-08-11. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
  24. ↑ "［歌手 増田恵子さん］バセドー病（３）ツアー中、甲状腺腫れ上がる". Yomiuri Shimbun. 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
  25. ↑ "［歌手 増田恵子さん］バセドー病（４）病気公表 無理せず我慢せず". Yomiuri Shimbun. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
  26. ↑ "親子知新". www3.bigcosmic.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2007. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  27. ↑ Rupert Murray "Meet the Climate Sceptics" Archived 2013-10-22 at the Wayback Machine, Storyville, 3 February 2011.
  28. ↑ Abraham, John (22 June 2011). "The chief troupier: the follies of Mr Monckton". The Conversation. The Conversation Media Group Ltd. Retrieved 14 August 2024. ...in Mr. Monckton's speeches, he cites study after study which give the impression that either climate change is not happening, or if it is, we don't need to worry about it.
  29. ↑ "Sophia Parnok, Russia's Sappho". 3 April 2017.
  30. ↑ Burgin, Diana Lewis (1992). "Sophia Parnok and the Writing of a Lesbian Poet's Life". Slavic Review. 51 (2): 214–231. doi:10.2307/2499528. JSTOR 2499528. S2CID 163967264.
  31. ↑ Simon, Bernard (31 May 2013). "This memorial is poetic justice for Sir Cecil Spring Rice". telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2014-03-12. Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  32. ↑ "Daisy Ridley Reveals Graves' Disease Diagnosis". The Hollywood Reporter. 6 August 2024.
  33. ↑ "Christina Rossetti". Poetry Foundation. Archived from the original on 2016-04-17. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  34. ↑ Wolf M (March 18, 1990). "There is Nothing Like This Dame". New York Times. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved 2015-10-19.
  35. ↑ "Biography". Archived from the original on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2015-07-16.
  36. ↑ Melas C (February 21, 2018). "Wendy Williams announces show hiatus due to Graves' disease". CNN. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  37. ↑ "Act Yasukawa Returns To Ring After Five Years Away". 15 November 2020.
  38. ↑ Scarponi, Mattia (19 August 2017). "Il morbo di Basedow: lo sfinimento tra Zeno e la realtà". theWise Magazine (in Italian). Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  39. ↑ "Thyroid". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
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