je

• IPA^(key): /je/

je

1. second-person singular present indicative of jam

• IPA^(key): [dʒe]

je

1. jealousy
2. a kind of lizard

• Bassa-English Dictionary
• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

je

1. canoe

• Antoinette Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1 (2014), p. 173

• i (normal form)

The traditional form is i but je is found as early as in the first recorded texts in Bourguignon. However nowadays, it is rare to find it, most speakers saying i as it is a typical feature of Bourguignon.

je

1. (rare) Alternative form of i

      Bourguignon personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Inversion	Reflexive	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Disjunctive (tonic)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)
Singular	First	—	i (rarely je)	-je	me, m’			moi	—	—
	Second	—	tu, t'	-tu	te, t’			toi	—	—
	Third	Masculine	ai, before vowels el	-ti	se, s’	le, l’	lu	lu	y	en
		Feminine	ale			la, l’		lei
		Neuter	çai	-ce		çai		çai, çan	—	—
		—	an	-an		—	—	soi	—	—
Plural	First	—	i (rarely je)	-je	nos				—	—
	Second	—	vos	-vos	vos				—	—
	Third	Masculine	ai, before vowels el	-ti	se, s’	les	lor	lor	y	en
		Feminine	ales

• IPA^(key): [ˈjɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛ

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jь, *ja, *je, originally from Proto-Indo-European *eno-, *ono-, *no-.^{[cs 1]}

je

1. third-person plural accusative of on
2. third-person plural accusative of ona
3. third-person singular/plural accusative of ono

• ně

Formerly jest, from Proto-Slavic *estь, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-.^{[cs 1]}

je

1. third-person singular present indicative of být

• IPA^(key): /jə/

• Audio:

  (file)

je

1. subjective unstressed form of jij (“you (singular)”)

   Wat doe je daar? ― What are you doing there?

2. objective unstressed form of jij (“you (singular)”)

   Ik doe dit wel voor je. ― I'll do this for you.

   Hoe gaat het met je? — Goed. En met jou?

   How are you? — I'm good. What about you?

3. subjective unstressed form of jullie (“you (plural), y'all”)

   Wat doe je daar? ― What are you doing there?

4. objective unstressed form of jullie (“you (plural), y'all”)

   Ik doe dit wel voor je. ― I'll do this for you.

5. (indefinite personal pronoun, informal) one, people, you, someone, anyone; an unspecified individual or group of individuals (as subject or object)

   Je mag hier niet zwemmen. ― Swimming is not allowed here.

   In dat restaurant kun je heerlijk eten. ― There is great food to be had in that restaurant.

   • 1995 May 23, Marleen Barth, “'Politiek moet leren luisteren naar scholen' ['Politicians must learn to listen to schools']”, in Trouw‎^[1], page 4:

     „Als je als directeur ondernemend van aard bent en je kunt goed leidinggeven, dan ben je natuurlijk wel gelukkig met meer vrijheid. Maar dat geldt voor veel directeuren niet.(...)"

     "If a headteacher is entrepreneurial by nature and if he or she is a good manager, they'll obviously be happy with more freedom. But this does not apply to many headteachers.(...)"

6. (personal pronoun, colloquial) I, one; used to talk about oneself indirectly, especially about feelings or personal experiences

   Je gaat wel even een moeilijk periode door, maar je zoekt toch naar een oplossing. ― I did go through a difficult period, but I looked for a solution nonetheless.

   • 1994 December 31, Wang An Oe, “'Voor een paar tientjes was ik ineens directeur' ['For a couple of tenners, I suddenly became a CEO']”, in Leeuwarder Courant‎^[2], page 17:

     Het echtpaar Duijm uit Spijkenisse toog zo'n vier maanden geleden naar de Kamer van Koophandel omdat meneer en mevrouw wel wat zagen in een strijkservice. (...) „Voor ƒ 58 inschrijfgeld waren we plotseling directeur en directrice. Na afloop voel je weer de frisse lucht buiten en dan denk je wel even: waar zijn we aan begonnen?"

     About four months ago, Mr and Mrs Duijm from Spijkenisse went to the Chamber of Commerce because the couple saw business potential for an ironing service. (...) "For a ƒ58 registration fee, we were suddenly CEOs. Afterwards, I felt the fresh outside air again and at that moment I did think to myself: what did we get ourselves into?"

   • 2022 October 31, Gummbah, De Volkskrant‎^[3] (cartoon), retrieved 23 November 2022:

     Hoe gaat het nou?
     Slecht !... Ja, je hebt toch net je moeder begraven, hè

     How are things?
     Bad! After all, I just buried my mother, right?

• When je is the unstressed subjective form of jullie, it is construed with a singular verb. Compare:

Het is gevaarlijk, maar jullie moeten weten wat je doet.

It’s dangerous, but you must decide what you’re doing.

• In informal language, je often replaces jij, jou, and jouw, with those forms used for emphasis or contrast.

Heb je aan je maat gevraagd of ’ie z’n boor voor je kan meenemen? — Ja, hij zei dat ik ’m daarna aan jou mag geven zodat jij ’m voor jouw klusje kunt gebruiken.

Did you ask your mate to bring his drill for you? — Yes, he said I can give it to you afterwards so you can use it for your project.

• Jersey Dutch: je

je (second person, possessive)

1. possessive unstressed form of jij (“you (singular)”): your (singular)

   Neem je boek en maak die oefening. ― Take your book and do that exercise.

2. possessive unstressed form of jullie (“you (plural), y'all”): your (plural), y'all's

   Neem je boeken en maak die oefening. ― Take your books and do that exercise.

je (second person, reflexive)

1. reflexive of jij (“you (singular)”): yourself

   Heb je je gewassen? ― Did you wash yourself?

2. reflexive of jullie (“you (plural), y'all”): yourselves

   Hebben jullie je goed voorbereid? ― Have you all prepared yourselves well?

From German je (“ever, per”).

• IPA^(key): [je]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: je

je

1. An all-purpose preposition.

The preposition je can replace any other preposition and remain grammatically correct, albeit more ambiguous. It is usually clear what meaning is intended based on context.

It is most useful for prepositional phrases not involving a literal physical connection, and instead, the correct preposition in the source language is mandated by convention only:

"He bets on the horses." (He doesn't place his money on the physical body of the horse.)

"I typed it on the computer." (It was actually typed using the computer.)

"She'll be here in a minute." (She'll be here within or after a minute.)

Without context, Donu ĝin je mi could mean any of the following:

Donu ĝin je [al] mi. — “Give it to me.”

Donu ĝin je [el] mi. — “Give it from me.”

Donu ĝin je [kun] mi. — “Give it with me.”

Without context, La kato saltis je la tablon could mean any of the following:

La kato saltis je [sur] la tablon. — “The cat jumped onto the table.”

La kato saltis je [sub] la tablon. — “The cat jumped under the table.”

La kato saltis je [malantaŭ] la tablon. — “The cat jumped behind the table.”

• je la tria
• je mia bedaŭro

Inherited from Late Latin eo.

je (prevocalic j', postpositive -jo) (ORB, broad)

1. I (first-person singular nominative)

• je in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• je in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

From Middle French je, from Old French je, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

• IPA^(key): /ʒə/
• (informal) IPA^(key): (before a voiced segment) /ʒ/, (before an unvoiced segment) /ʃ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ə

je (first person singular, plural nous, object me, emphatic moi, possessive determiner mon)

1. I

• When several pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun je first; it must be the last one, and tu must be said after third persons (this applies also for toi and moi):
  • Nous irons, Rose, toi et moi.

    We will go, Rose, you and I.

• j’

• “je”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Likely borrowed from Bengali যেই (jei)

je

1. that which
2. whatever
3. whoever

• Burling, R. (2003) The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon‎^[4], Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page 56

Old High German io.

• IPA^(key): /jeː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː
• Homophone: jäh (regional)

je

1. ever
   • 1930, Paul Joachimsen, Der Humanismus und die Entwicklung des deutschen Geistes, in: Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte, 8, page 467:

     Und nun kommt die Reformation selbst. Die größte geistige Umwälzung, die je ein Volk des Abendlandes erlebt hat.

     And now comes the Reformation itself. The largest spiritual upheaval that was ever experienced by a nation of the Occident.

2. per
3. (with “desto”, “umso” or (dated) “je”) the

   je mehr, desto besser ― the more the better

   je früher, umso besser ― the sooner the better

• je länger je lieber (“the longer it lasts, the more I like it”)
• je nach
• je nachdem

• “je” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• Friedrich Kluge (1883) “je”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

From earlier zye, from Saint Dominican Creole French z'yeu, from French les yeux (“the eyes”).

• IPA^(key): /ʒe/

je

1. eye

   Alternative form: zye

• IPA^(key): /jɛː/
• Rhymes: -ɛː

Shortening of Jesús (“Jesus”).

je

1. oh my!

• je minn eini

From English yeah.

je

1. (slang, dated) yeah (indicating enthusiastic appreciation, etc.)

je n (genitive singular jes, nominative plural je)

1. (obsolete) Name of the letter J, j.

• (name of J, j): joð

From j +‎ -e.

• IPA^(key): /ʒe/, /ʒɛ/

je (plural je-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter J/j.

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze ^{(Category: io:Latin letter names)}

• jee (Onitsha)

je

1. go
2. walk

• ije

From Dutch jee. Doublet of ye. Represented Dutch-derived J (pronounced /j/, modern Y) before 1972.

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒe/, [d͡ʒe]

jé

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.
2. (pre-1947, 1947-1972) Superseded spelling of ye.

• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet

• “je” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

je

1. The katakana syllable ジェ (je) in Hepburn-like romanization.
2. The katakana syllable ヂェ (je) in Hepburn-like romanization.

• jāi

From Dutch je.

• IPA^(key): /jə/

je

1. you (second-person singular subjective personal pronoun)

From Proto-Cariban *ô, *jô; compare Apalaí je, Trió je, Wayana je, Waiwai yo, Akawaio ö, Macushi ye, Pemon ye, Ye'kwana yedü / dhedü, Yao (South America) hoieelii.

• (Venezuela) IPA^(key): [ðe]
• (Suriname) IPA^(key): [je]

je (possessed jery)

1. tooth
2. sharpness

• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[5], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 285
• Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “ye”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 548; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎^[6], Paris, 1956, page 537

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʑe/

je

1. more (comparative)

• Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎^[7], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

• nje (after a preposition)

• IPA^(key): /jɛ/

je

1. accusative of wóni

Phonetic spelling of ja in Johor-Riau Malay, clipping of sahaja or saja.

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒə/
• Rhymes: -ə

je

1. (informal) Alternative form of sahaja.

From English jay.

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒe/ [ˈd͡ʒe]

jé (plural je-je)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.

• je (Indonesian)
• jim (Jawi letter name)

• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; e, bi, si, di, i, ef, ji, hec, ai, je, ke, el, em, en, o, pi, kiu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dabel yu, eks, way, zed

From Proto-Micronesian *tia, from Proto-Oceanic *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN.

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [tʲe]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /tʲej/
• Bender phonemes: {jȩy}

je

1. abdomen
2. stomach
3. innard

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

je

1. indicates hearsay or indirect source of information.

   Mboapy'i je oo jepe raka'e.

   It is said that few could escape.

je

1. Alternative form of ie

• Stem vowel: ê⁴
  • (originally) IPA^(key): /jeː/

jê

1. Alternative form of gî.

je

1. to shout

• Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese-English Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press 1977

Borrowed from Old East Norse jak.(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• IPA^(key): /jeː/, /jɛː/, /jæː/
• IPA^(key): /jeːɡ/, /jeː/ (rare, Northern Romerike)

je (accusative meg or (dialectal) me)

1. (pre-1938 or dialectal) alternative form of eg (“I”)

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈjɛ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈjɛ/

je

1. singular accusative of ono

• e, eo, eu, io
• j, jei, jen, jeo, jeu, jo, joe, jou, ju
• g, ge, gé, gen, geo, gié, go, gou, gu

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

je

1. I
   • c. 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès:

     qant je vos voi de tel meniere

     when I see you in such a state

• “je”, in DEAF: Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français, Heidelberg: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1968-.

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Syllabification: je

je

1. accusative of one
2. accusative of ono

• Appendix:Polish pronouns

je

1. third-person singular present indicative of jeść

je

1. (colloquial) third-person singular present indicative of być

Compare Lithuanian jei.

je

1. if

• “Žemaičių Žodynas”, in Žemaičių žemė‎^[8] (overall work in Lithuanian), 2012, page 19: “Je — jeigu, jei”

From Old Frisian jē, from Proto-West Germanic *jā. Cognates include West Frisian ja and German ja. Doublet of jee and jä.

• IPA^(key): /jə/
• Hyphenation: je
• Rhymes: -ə

je

1. Used to intensify a statement to express it is a known fact; obviously, of course

• Marron C. Fort (2015) “je”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /je/

Shortened from jȅst (“is”).

je ? (Cyrillic spelling је)

1. is (clitic third-person singular present of bȉti (“to be”))

je (Cyrillic spelling је)

1. of her (clitic genitive singular of òna (“she”))
2. her (clitic accusative singular of òna (“she”))

• IPA^(key): [je]

The the older jest, derived from Proto-Slavic *estь, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-.

je

1. third-person singular present indicative of byť

• jestvovať

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěstь, 3rd person singular present form of *ěsti (“to eat”). See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

je

1. third-person singular present indicative of jesť

• IPA^(key): /jɛ́/

jȅ

1. third-person singular present of bíti

• IPA^(key): /jèː/

jẹ́

1. third-person singular present of jẹ́sti

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

je

1. well? now? (used to call attention to a question)

Je precedes the question, and is more commonly used in writing (to supplement for what is usually conveyed by tone of voice in speech).

-je

1. A clitic placed at the end of a verb, meaning how.

   umelalaje?

   how did you sleep?

Clipping of waje.

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒe/

je

1. Alternative form of waje (“complementizer, that”)

   ana iwaje je kolano osone ― they say that the king is dead

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

• IPA^(key): /ʒe/

je (definite accusative jeyi, plural jeler)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.

• (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒe/

je (definite accusative jeni, plural jeler)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɛ/
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Syllabification: je

je

1. third-person singular present of być

   Wón je zadołženy.

   He is in debt.

• IPA^(key): /dʒeː/

je f (plural jeau, not mutable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.

• (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol / u gwpan, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒe/

je

1. attaches to pronouns to form the dual

   ini je ― you two

   eme je ― they two

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[9], Pacific linguistics