貢

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

貢 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一月山金 (MBUC) or 難一月山金 (XMBUC), four-corner 1080₆, composition ⿱工貝)

Derived characters

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36665
Dae Jaweon: page 1666, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3624, character 5
Unihan data for U+8CA2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
缸	kroːŋ, ɡroːŋ
篢	kluːmʔ, koːŋ
贑	*kluːmʔ
涳	ŋr'oːŋ, kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江	*kroːŋ
肛	kroːŋ, qʰroːŋ
扛	*kroːŋ
杠	*kroːŋ
豇	*kroːŋ
茳	*kroːŋ
釭	kroːŋ, koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼	*kroːŋ
玒	kroːŋ, koːŋ
虹	kroːŋs, koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔	*kʰroːŋ
崆	kʰroːŋ, kʰoːŋ
羫	*kʰroːŋ
控	kʰroːŋ, kʰoːŋs
椌	kʰroːŋ, kʰoːŋ
悾	kʰroːŋ, kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫	kʰroːŋ, kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌	*qʰroːŋ
谾	qʰroːŋ, qʰoːŋ
舡	*qʰroːŋ
缻	*ɡroːŋ
項	*ɡroːŋʔ
屸	*ɡ·roːŋ
功	*koːŋ
工	*koːŋ
疘	*koːŋ
魟	koːŋ, qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻	koːŋ, kuːŋ
愩	*koːŋ
碽	*koːŋ
貢	*koːŋs
羾	*koːŋs
空	kʰoːŋ, kʰoːŋs
箜	*kʰoːŋ
硿	*kʰoːŋ
埪	*kʰoːŋ
鵼	*kʰoːŋ
倥	kʰoːŋ, kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚	*kʰoːŋs
叿	*qʰoːŋ
嗊	*qʰoːŋʔ
訌	*ɡoːŋ
紅	*ɡoːŋ
仜	*ɡoːŋ
葒	*ɡoːŋ
渱	*ɡoːŋ
鴻	ɡoːŋ, ɡoːŋʔ
汞	*ɡoːŋʔ
澒	*ɡoːŋʔ
鞏	*koŋʔ
巩	*koŋʔ
銎	kʰoŋ, qʰoŋ
恐	kʰoŋʔ, kʰoŋs
蛩	*ɡoŋ
筇	*ɡoŋ
桏	*ɡoŋ
邛	*ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːŋs) : phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 貝. However, the phonetic component indicates the concept of working and achievement (功), hence putting efforts to make any kind of contribute and/or reach an achievement.

Etymology 1

trad.		貢
simp.		贡
alternative forms		𢀢

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gòng (gong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kung
Eastern Min (BUC): góng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
  - Wade–Giles: kung⁴
  - Yale: gùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gung³
  - Yale: gung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kung
  - Hakka Romanization System: gung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: góng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kouŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòng
  - Tâi-lô: kòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: kuwngH

Rime
Character	貢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古送切
Baxter	kuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kuŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kuŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤom-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*koːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gòng
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁom-s/
English	tribute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貢
Reading #	1/1
No.	4031
Phonetic component	工
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	貢
Old Chinese	/*koːŋs/

Definitions

貢

to pay tribute
tribute; gift
(historical) to select or recommend talents for the imperial court
(Xiamen Hokkien, historical) a kind of high-grade cloth like silk and satin
a surname

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad.		貢
simp.		贡
alternative forms		愩／𫺌

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gung³
  - Yale: gung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/

Definitions

貢 (Cantonese)

to crawl; to burrow; to writhe
to wander
四圍貢／四围贡 [Cantonese] ― sei³ wai⁴ gung³ [Jyutping] ― to wander around

Japanese

Kanji

貢

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō ^†)^{←く (ku, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←こう (kou, historical)}
Kun: みつぐ (mitsugu, 貢ぐ, Jōyō)、みつぎ (mitsugi, 貢ぎ)
Nanori: すすむ (susumu)、つぐ (tsugu)、みつ (mitsu)

Compounds

貢(ぐ)税(ぜい) (guzei)
貢(く)馬(め) (kume)
貢(こう)闈(い) (kōi)
貢(こう)院(いん) (kōin)
貢(こう)煙(えん) (kōen)
貢(こう)款(かん) (kōkan)
貢(こう)挙(きょ) (kōkyo)
貢(こう)御(ぎょ) (kōgyo)
貢(こう)金(きん) (kōkin)
貢(こう)計(けい) (kōkei)
貢(こう)献(けん) (kōken): contribution; to contribute
貢(こう)元(げん) (kōgen)
貢(こう)菜(さい) (kōsai)
貢(こう)士(し) (kōshi)
貢(こう)使(し) (kōshi)
貢(こう)試(し) (kōshi)
貢(こう)賜(し) (kōshi)
貢(こう)主(しゅ) (kōshu)
貢(こう)上(じょう) (kōjō)
貢(こう)職(しょく) (kōshoku)
貢(こう)新(しん) (kōshin)
貢(こう)生(せい) (kōsei)
貢(こう)税(ぜい) (kōzei)
貢(こう)籍(せき) (kōseki)
貢(こう)選(せん) (kōsen)
貢(こう)薦(せん) (kōsen)
貢(こう)茶(ちゃ) (kōcha)
貢(こう)酎(ちゅう) (kōchū)
貢(こう)道(どう) (kōdō)
貢(こう)納(のう) (kōnō)
貢(こう)馬(ば) (kōba)
貢(こう)篚(ひ) (kōhi)
貢(こう)媚(び) (kōbi)
貢(こう)賦(ふ) (kōfu)
貢(こう)物(ぶつ) (kōbutsu)
貢(こう)奉(ほう) (kōhō)
貢(こう)法(ほう) (kōhō)
貢(こう)墨(ぼく) (kōboku)
貢(こう)米(まい) (kōmai)
貢(こう)諛(ゆ) (kōyu)
貢(こう)禄(ろく) (kōroku)
海(かい)貢(こう) (kaikō)
外(がい)貢(こう) (gaikō)
供(きょう)貢(こう) (kyōkō)
郷(きょう)貢(こう) (kyōkō)
歳(さい)貢(こう) (saikō)
職(しょっ)貢(こう) (shokkō)
進(しん)貢(こう) (shinkō)
租(そ)貢(こう) (sokō)
草(そう)貢(こう) (sōkō)
朝(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
徴(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
調(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
土(ど)貢(こう) (dokō)
入(にゅう)貢(こう) (nyūkō)
年(ねん)貢(ぐ) (nengu)
納(のう)貢(こう) (nōkō)
篚(ひ)貢(こう) (hikō)
賓(ひん)貢(こう) (hinkō)
賦(ふ)貢(こう) (fukō)
聘(へい)貢(こう) (heikō)
方(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
包(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
邦(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
奉(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
輸(ゆ)貢(こう) (yukō)
来(らい)貢(こう) (raikō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
貢
みつぐ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From the verb 貢ぐ (mitsugu, “to support, to finance”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) みつぐ [mìtsúꜜgù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mʲit͡sɨɡɯ̟]

Proper noun

貢(みつぐ) • (Mitsugu)

a male given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
貢
みつぎ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 貢ぐ (mitsugu, “to support, to finance”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) みつぎ [mìtsúgí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [mʲit͡sɨɡʲi]

Proper noun

貢(みつぎ) • (Mitsugi)

a male given name
a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
貢
こう Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 貢 (MC kuwngH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

貢(こう) • (kō)

tribute
support, a contribution (such as a donation of money)

Proper noun

貢(こう) • (Kō)

a male given name

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “貢”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

貢 (eumhun 바칠 공 (bachil gong))

hanja form^? of 공 (“give, offer, present”)
hanja form^? of 공 (“dedicate, devote”)

Vietnamese

Han character

貢: Hán Việt readings: cống
貢: Nôm readings: cóng, cống, gỏng, gúng, xống

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK7-2] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]