規

Translingual

Han character

規 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手人月山山 (QOBUU), four-corner 5601₀, composition ⿰夫見)

Derived characters

嫢, 摫, 槻, 槼, 瞡, 窺, 規, 闚, 鬹, 𤍮

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1133, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34810
Dae Jaweon: page 1600, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3664, character 17
Unihan data for U+898F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (規) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嫢	ɡeːnʔ, skʷel, *ɡʷilʔ
規	*kʷel
槻	*kʷel
鬹	*kʷel
摫	*kʷel
瞡	kʷels, kʷils
窺	*kʰʷel
闚	*kʰʷel

Traditionally an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夫 (“husband”) + 見 (“see”).

Smith (2011) proposes that the left component is an abbreviation of the phonetic component 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ). Compare the Shizhoupian script form of 癸.

It's possible 規 originally referred to a compass used for drawing circles given its early usage. The right half 夫 may have depicted such a compass, as evidenced by variants where it is written with a 又 (“hand”) grabbing it.

Etymology 1

trad.		規
simp.		规
alternative forms		䂓／𰦔槼／规𩑬𩒙𩓠䂓／𰦔槼／规𩑬𩒙𩓠𧠹

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): guī (gui¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gui¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kûi

(Meixian, Guangdong): gui¹
Eastern Min (BUC): giĕ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kui

(Teochew, Peng'im): gui¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kue

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guī
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guei
  - Wade–Giles: kuei¹
  - Yale: gwēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei
  - Palladius: гуй (guj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: gui¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuei⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kwai¹
  - Yale: kwāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi
  - Hakka Romanization System: gui^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kuɪ⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kie⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui
  - Tâi-lô: kui
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuy
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kui³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹kue
  - MiniDict: kue^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue⁵³/

Middle Chinese: kjwie

Rime
Character	規
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居隋切
Baxter	kjwie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiuᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/kjuɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwiə̆/
Li Rong	/kiue/
Wang Li	/kǐwe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷe/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷel/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	規
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guī
Middle Chinese	‹ kjwie ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷe/
English	compass, circle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	規
Reading #	1/1
No.	4604
Phonetic component	規
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	𩓸
Old Chinese	/*kʷel/
Notes	小徐見聲，與圜同源；古亦同窺，夫或癸省文

Definitions

規

Synonyms

(rule):

edit

例 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
則度／则度 (zédù) (literary)
守則／守则 (shǒuzé)
方案 (fāng'àn)
條例／条例 (tiáolì)
條規／条规 (tiáoguī)
法度 (fǎdù)
程度 (chéngdù) (archaic)
紀綱／纪纲 (jìgāng) (literary)
綱目／纲目 (gāngmù) (Classical Chinese)
繩墨／绳墨 (shéngmò) (figurative)
規則／规则 (guīzé)
規定／规定 (guīdìng)
規條／规条 (guītiáo)
規準／规准 (guīzhǔn) (literary)
規矩／规矩 (guījǔ)

(to plan):

edit

作計／作计 (zuòjì) (literary)
打算 (dǎsuàn)
拍算 (phah-sǹg) (Hokkien, Teochew)
拍達／拍达 (Xiamen Hokkien)
按算 (Hokkien)
擬／拟 (nǐ)
派胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
準備／准备 (zhǔnbèi)
營為／营为 (Hokkien)
盤算／盘算
策劃／策划 (cèhuà)
策動／策动 (cèdòng)
算 (suàn)
算打 (sáung-dā) (Eastern Min)
算計／算计 (suànjì)
籌劃／筹划 (chóuhuà)
考慮／考虑 (kǎolǜ)
規劃／规划 (guīhuà)
計劃／计划 (jìhuà)
計算／计算 (jìsuàn)
設／设 (shè)
設施／设施 (shèshī) (literary)
試圖／试图 (shìtú)
謀劃／谋划 (móuhuà)

(to exhort):

edit

勸告／劝告 (quàngào)
勸導／劝导 (quàndǎo)
勸解／劝解 (quànjiě)
勸誡／劝诫 (quànjiè)
告誡／告诫 (gàojiè)
奉勸／奉劝 (fèngquàn) (honorific)
忠告
懲／惩 (chéng) (literary, or in compounds)
戒飭／戒饬 (jièchì)
提醒 (tíxǐng)
正告 (zhènggào)
相勸／相劝 (xiāngquàn) (literary)
規勸／规劝 (guīquàn)
誘／诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
諧喙／谐喙 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
諫訓／谏训 (jiànxùn) (literary)
警告 (jǐnggào)
警示 (jǐngshì)
警誡／警诫 (jǐngjiè) (literary)

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad.		規
simp.		规
alternative forms		歸／归幾／几

Fuehrer and Yang (2014) propose that it derives from 幾 (OC *kɯl, “almost”).

Pronunciation

Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kui

(Teochew, Peng'im): gui¹

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi
  - Hakka Romanization System: gui^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui
  - Tâi-lô: kui
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kui³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui³³/

Definitions

規

(Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) whole; entire

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 整 (“whole; entire”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		整
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	整
	Malaysia	整
	Singapore	整
Cantonese	Guangzhou	成, 冚
	Hong Kong	成, 冚
	Taishan	成
	Singapore (Guangfu)	成, 冚
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	成
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	規
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	規
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	規
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	規
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	規
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	規
Southern Min	Xiamen	規
	Quanzhou	規
	Zhangzhou	規
	Tainan	規
	Penang (Hokkien)	規
	Singapore (Hokkien)	規
	Manila (Hokkien)	規
	Chaozhou	夠, 咸
	Jieyang	夠, 咸
	Singapore (Teochew)	夠
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	成

Compounds

Etymology 3

trad.		規
simp.		规

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guì (gui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
  - Wade–Giles: kuei⁴
  - Yale: gwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
  - Palladius: гуй (guj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

規

Only used in 規規／规规 (guìguì).

Etymology 4

trad.		規
simp.		规

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xù (xu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xù
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syù
  - Wade–Giles: hsü⁴
  - Yale: syù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuh
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵¹/

Definitions

規

^‡ Alternative form of 瞁 (xù)

References

“規”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

規

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: のり (nori, 規)、ぶんまわし (bunmawashi)、ただす (tadasu, 規す)
Nanori: すのり (sunori)、のり (nori)、ただし (tadashi)

Compounds

Noun

Kanji in this term
規
のり Grade: 5
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 規 – see the following entry.

【のり】	[noun] rule, regulation, law [noun] norm, standard [noun] measure, scale, ruler (measuring device) [noun] measure, scale, size Alternative spellings 法, 則, 矩

(This term, 規, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

規 (eumhun 법 규 (beop gyu))

hanja form^? of 법 (“law; rule”)

Vietnamese

Han character

規: Hán Nôm readings: quy, qui

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.