渡

See also: 疲

渡	U+6E21, 渡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E21

← 渠
[U+6E20]

CJK Unified Ideographs

渢 →
[U+6E22]

Translingual

Han character

渡 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水戈廿水 (EITE), four-corner 3014₇, composition ⿰氵度)

Derived characters

𪸁

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 634, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17765
Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1683, character 12
Unihan data for U+6E21

Chinese

simp. and trad.		渡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
褯	*zljaːɡs
遮	*tjaː
蔗	*tjaːɡs
鷓	*tjaːɡs
樜	tjaːɡs, hljaɡs
蟅	tjaːɡs, tjaːɡ
嗻	*tjaːɡs
鍍	daː, daːɡs
度	daːɡs, daːɡ
渡	*daːɡs
庶	*hljaɡs
剫	*daːɡ
踱	*daːɡ
喥	*daːɡ
謶	*tjaɡ
席	*ljaːɡ
蓆	*ljaːɡ
墌	*tjaːɡ
摭	*tjaːɡ
蹠	*tjaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːɡs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 度 (OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ).

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan འདས ('das, “to pass over”).

Proto-Tai *daːᴮ (“river”) (whence Thai ท่า (tâa, “port; pier; quay”) and Zhuang dah (“river”)) is a loan from late Old Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).

The Austroasiatic synonym of 渡 is 濟 (OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls, “to cross a river”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dù (du⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dou⁶ / dou^6-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thu

(Meixian, Guangdong): tu⁴
Northern Min (KCR): dū
Eastern Min (BUC): dô
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tō͘ / thō͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): dou⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶du

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dù
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dù
  - Wade–Giles: tu⁴
  - Yale: dù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
  - Palladius: ду (du)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dou⁶ / dou^6-2
  - Yale: douh / dóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶ / dou^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶ / dou^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯²²/, /tou̯²²⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu
  - Hakka Romanization System: tu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
  - Tâi-lô: tōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: do
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thō͘
  - Tâi-lô: thōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: to
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dou⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tōu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou¹¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶du
  - MiniDict: du^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³du
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /du²³/

Middle Chinese: duH

Rime
Character	渡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒故切
Baxter	duH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/duo^H/
Shao Rongfen	/do^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɔ^H/
Li Rong	/do^H/
Wang Li	/du^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱuo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤak-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*daːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dù
Middle Chinese	‹ du^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁak-s/
English	to ford
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渡
Reading #	1/1
No.	11903
Phonetic component	庶
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	渡
Old Chinese	/*daːɡs/

Definitions

渡

to cross (a body of water)
to ferry
(figurative) to pull through (difficult times)
ferry crossing
ferry; ferryboat
- 1902, James Dyer Ball, How to Speak Cantonese, 2nd edition, Kelly & Wash, page 44:
  
  喺香港搭渡去又得。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
  hai² hoeng¹ gong² daap³ dou^6-2 heoi³ jau⁶ dak¹. [Jyutping]
  You can go by passage boat from Hongkong.
(Hakka) to take; to bring along; to carry
(Hakka) to look after; to take care of; to care for; to attend to
a surname: Du

Synonyms

(ferry crossing):

edit

排仔頭／排仔头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
津 (jīn) (literary)
渡口 (dùkǒu)
渡喙 (Puxian Min)
渡頭／渡头 (dùtóu)

(ferryboat):

edit

擺渡／摆渡 (bǎidù)
渡槳／渡桨 (Hokkien)
渡船 (dùchuán)
渡輪／渡轮 (dùlún)
輪渡／轮渡 (lúndù)

Compounds

一葦渡江／一苇渡江
三豕渡河
中元普渡
九渡河 (Jiǔdùhé)
仙人渡 (Xiānréndù)
偷渡 (tōudù)
偷渡客 (tōudùkè)
偷渡黃牛／偷渡黄牛
南渡
古渡 (gǔdù)
大渡 (Dàdù)
官渡 (Guāndù)
官渡之戰／官渡之战
官渡口 (Guāndùkǒu)
小渡船 (Xiǎodùchuán)
岡渡拉／冈渡拉
引渡 (yǐndù)
引渡法
強渡／强渡 (qiángdù)
慈航普渡
截頭渡／截头渡
搶渡／抢渡 (qiǎngdù)
擺渡／摆渡 (bǎidù)
擺渡船／摆渡船
普渡 (pǔdù)
普渡河
普渡眾生／普渡众生
東渡／东渡
杯渡
桃花過渡／桃花过渡
桃葉渡／桃叶渡
橫水渡／横水渡 (héngshuǐdù)
橫渡／横渡 (héngdù)
沿渡河 (Yándùhé)
泥船渡河
津渡 (jīndù)
渡假 (dùjià)
渡口 (dùkǒu)
渡子
渡水 (dùshuǐ)
渡江 (dùjiāng)
渡江楫
渡河 (dùhé)
渡河香象
渡海 (dùhǎi)
渡船 (dùchuán)
渡輪／渡轮 (dùlún)
渡過／渡过 (dùguò)
渡邊／渡边 (Dùbiān)
渡錢／渡钱
渡頭／渡头 (dùtóu)
渡頭雲／渡头云
渡馬船／渡马船
漲渡湖／涨渡湖 (Zhǎngdùhú)
潘渡 (Pāndù)
濟渡／济渡
端陽競渡／端阳竞渡
競渡／竞渡 (jìngdù)
絕渡逢舟／绝渡逢舟
虎渡江
讓渡／让渡 (ràngdù)
賈人渡河／贾人渡河
超渡
輪渡／轮渡 (lúndù)
過渡／过渡 (guòdù)
過渡內閣／过渡内阁
過渡時期／过渡时期
過渡灣／过渡湾 (Guòdùwān)
過渡金屬／过渡金属 (guòdù jīnshǔ)
遠渡重洋／远渡重洋 (yuǎndùchóngyáng)
關渡／关渡
陳渡／陈渡 (Chéndù)
霧渡河／雾渡河 (Wùdùhé)
香象渡河
麻家渡 (Májiādù)

Descendants

Proto-Tai: *daːᴮ (“river”)
- Lao: ທ່າ (thā)
- Lü: ᦑᦱᧈ (taa¹)
- Shan: တႃႈ (tāa, “pier; shallow place in water”)
- Thai: ท่า (tâa, “pier; port”)
- Zhuang: dah (“river”)

Japanese

Kanji

渡

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ど (do)
Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
Kun: わたる (wataru, 渡る, Jōyō)、わたす (watasu, 渡す, Jōyō)
Nanori: ただ (tada)

Korean

Hanja

渡 (eumhun 건널 도 (geonneol do))

hanja form^? of 도 (“cross, ferry over”)
hanja form^? of 도 (“ferry”)

Vietnamese

Han character

渡: Hán Nôm readings: đò, đác, độ, đạc

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