淚

See also: 泪, and 涙

淚	U+6DDA, 淚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DDA

← 淙
[U+6DD9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

淛 →
[U+6DDB]

淚	U+F94D, 淚 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F94D

← 樓
[U+F94C]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

漏 →
[U+F94E]

Translingual

Traditional	淚
Shinjitai	涙
Simplified	泪

Han character

淚 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水竹尸大 (EHSK) or 難水竹尸大 (XEHSK), four-corner 3313₄, composition ⿰氵戾)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 630, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17644
Dae Jaweon: page 1032, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1662, character 7
Unihan data for U+6DDA

Unihan data for U+F94D

Chinese

trad.		淚
simp.		泪
alternative forms		㴃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (戾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
錑	*ruːds
戻	*tʰɯːds
戾	rɯːds, rɯːd
綟	rɯːds, rɯːd
唳	rɯːds, rɯːd
蜧	*rɯːds
捩	rɯːds, rɯːd
悷	*rɯːds
淚	*ruds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruds) : semantic 水 + phonetic 戾 (OC *rɯːds, *rɯːd).

Etymology 1

Often thought to be related to 泣 (OC *k-r̥əp, “to weep”) (Mei, 1980b; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

However, Schuessler (2007, 2015) finds this phonologically problematic. He instead proposes that 淚 (OC *r(i)uts) derives from 流 (OC *r(i)u, “to flow”) + *-t (suffix in nouns for naturally occurring things), literally "the things that are flowing".

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lèi, luì (lei⁴, lui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˋ, ㄌㄨㄟˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nui⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): leoi⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lui⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): lui⁵ / li⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lui

(Meixian, Guangdong): lui⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): lui³
Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̄
Eastern Min (BUC): lôi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lūi

(Teochew, Peng'im): lui⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶li
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lei⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, common; standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lèi
  - Wade–Giles: lei⁴
  - Yale: lèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ley
  - Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, conservative)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luèi
  - Wade–Giles: lui⁴
  - Yale: lwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luey
  - Palladius: луй (luj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nui⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuei²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: leoi⁶
  - Yale: leuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lui⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lui³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lui⁵ / li⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lui¹¹/, /li¹¹/

Note:

lui5 - literary;
li5 - vernacular.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lui
  - Hakka Romanization System: lui
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lu̯i⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: lui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /luɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lui³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /luei⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ui²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūi
  - Tâi-lô: luī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lui
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lui²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lui⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lui³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lui⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lŭi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lui³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶li
  - MiniDict: li^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /le̞i̯⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: lwijH

Rime
Character	淚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力遂切
Baxter	lwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwi^H/
Li Rong	/lui^H/
Wang Li	/lwi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lwi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][ə]p-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ruds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	淚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lèi
Middle Chinese	‹ lwij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r][ə]p-s/
English	tears (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	淚
Reading #	1/1
No.	7948
Phonetic component	戾
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	類
Old Chinese	/*ruds/
Notes	見戰國策

Definitions

淚

tear; teardrop
流淚／流泪 ― liúlèi ― to shed tears
(literary) to weep; to cry

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 眼淚 (“tears”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		淚, 涕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		眼淚, 淚水, 淚液
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	眼淚兒
	Taiwan	眼淚
	Ulanhot	眼淚
	Tongliao	眼淚
	Chifeng	眼淚
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	眼淚
	Harbin	眼淚
	Malaysia	眼淚
	Singapore	眼淚
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	眼淚兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	眼淚, 淚
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	淚, 眼淚
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	眼淚
	Wanrong	淚顆
	Xi'an	眼淚
	Xining	眼淚
	Xuzhou	眼淚
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	眼淚
	Bayanhot	眼淚
	Lanzhou	眼淚
	Ürümqi	眼淚
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	眼淚, 眼淚花兒, 眼淚水, 眼流水, 眼睛水兒, 眼睛水
	Wuhan	眼淚
	Guiyang	眼淚水, 眼淚
	Guilin	眼淚
	Liuzhou	眼淚
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	眼淚 †, 眼水 ‡
	Yangzhou	眼力水, 眼淚
	Hefei	眼水
Cantonese	Guangzhou	眼淚 †, 眼水 ‡, 眼淚水
	Hong Kong	眼淚 †, 馬尿 †, 眼水 ‡
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	眼淚
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	眼淚
	Macau	眼淚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	眼淚, 眼淚水
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	眼淚
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	眼水
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	眼淚
	Foshan	眼淚
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	眼水
	Foshan (Shunde)	眼淚
	Foshan (Sanshui)	眼淚
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	眼淚
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	眼淚
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	眼淚
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	眼淚
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	眼淚
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	眼淚
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	眼淚
	Taishan	眼淚 †, 眼水 ‡
	Kaiping (Chikan)	眼淚
	Enping (Niujiang)	眼淚
	Heshan (Yayao)	眼水
	Dongguan	眼淚
	Shaoguan	眼淚
	Yunfu	眼淚
	Yangjiang	眼淚
	Xinyi	眼淚
	Lianjiang	眼淚, 眼汁
	Nanning	眼淚
	Wuzhou	眼淚
	Yulin	眼淚
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	眼淚
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	眼淚
	Singapore (Guangfu)	眼淚
Gan	Nanchang	眼淚
	Lichuan	眼淚
	Pingxiang	眼淚
	Jianning	眼涕
	Taining	目水
Hakka	Meixian	目汁
	Xingning	目汁, 眼水
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	眼淚
	Huidong (Daling)	目汁
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	眼汁
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	眼汁
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	眼汁
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	眼汁
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	眼水
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	眼汁
	Changting	目汁
	Wuping	目汁
	Wuping (Pingyu)	目汁
	Liancheng	目汁
	Ninghua	眼汁
	Yudu	眼淚
	Ruijin	眼泣水
	Shicheng	眼鼻水
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	目汁
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	目汁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	目汁
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	目汁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	目汁
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	目汁
	Hong Kong	眼汁
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	眼水
	Sabah (Longchuan)	眼汁
	Senai (Huiyang)	眼汁
	Singkawang	目汁
Huizhou	Jixi	眼淚, 眼淚水
Jin	Taiyuan	眼淚, 淚
	Xinzhou	眼淚
	Taibus (Baochang)	淚
	Linhe	眼淚
	Jining	淚
	Hohhot	淚蛋蛋
	Baotou	淚
	Dongsheng	眼淚
	Haibowan	淚
Northern Min	Jian'ou	目澤, 目澤水
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	目滓
	Fuqing	目滓
	Matsu	目滓
Southern Min	Xiamen	目屎
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	目屎
	Quanzhou	目屎, 目滓
	Jinjiang	目屎
	Zhangzhou	目屎, 目滓
	Zhao'an	目汁
	Dongshan	目汁
	Taipei	目屎
	Kaohsiung	目屎
	Yilan	目屎
	Changhua (Lukang)	目屎
	Taichung	目屎
	Taichung (Wuqi)	目屎
	Tainan	目屎
	Taitung	目屎
	Hsinchu	目屎
	Penghu (Magong)	目屎
	Penang (Hokkien)	目油
	Singapore (Hokkien)	目屎
	Manila (Hokkien)	目屎
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	眼淚
	Chaozhou	目汁
	Raoping	目汁
	Shantou	目汁
	Jieyang	目汁
	Haifeng	目汁
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	目汁
	Singapore (Teochew)	目汁
	Leizhou	目汁
	Haikou	目汁
Puxian Min	Putian	目滓
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	目滓
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	目滓
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	目滓
	Xianyou	目滓
	Xianyou (Fengting)	目滓
	Xianyou (Youyang)	目滓
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	目珠水
	Guangze	目珠水
	Jiangle	目汁
	Mingxi	目汁
	Shunchang	目汁
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	目睭汁
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	目汁
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	眼淚, 眼淚水
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	眼淚
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	眼水
Wu	Shanghai	眼淚水, 眼淚
	Shanghai (Chongming)	眼淚水, 眼淚
	Suzhou	眼淚, 眼淚水
	Danyang	眼月
	Hangzhou	眼淚水兒
	Ningbo	眼淚水, 眼淚
	Wenzhou	眼淚, 眼淚水
	Jinhua	眼淚
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	眼漏
Xiang	Changsha	眼淚水, 眼淚
	Loudi	眼淚
	Shuangfeng	眼淚
	Hengyang	眼淚水
	Quanzhou	眼淚
Note	† - from crying; ‡ - from irritation

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (淚):

→ Vietnamese: lệ (淚)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/

Definitions

淚

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

淒淚／凄泪

Japanese

Shinjitai	涙
Kyūjitai	淚

Kanji

淚

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 涙)

tears

Readings

Go-on: るい (rui)^{←るい (rui, historical)}^{←るゐ (rwi, ancient)}
Kan-on: るい (rui)^{←るい (rui, historical)}^{←るゐ (rwi, ancient)}
Tō-on: れい (rei)
Kun: なみだ (namida, 淚)

Korean

Hanja

淚 (eumhun 눈물 루 (nunmul ru), word-initial (South Korea) 눈물 누 (nunmul nu))

hanja form^? of 루/누 (“tear”)
hanja form^? of 루/누 (“weep, cry”)

Vietnamese

Han character

淚: Hán Nôm readings: lệ, lụy/luỵ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999