噁

Translingual

Traditional	噁
Shinjitai (extended)	𫫖
Simplified	恶∣𫫇

Han character

噁 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 口一一心 (RMMP), four-corner 6103₁, composition ⿰口惡)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 208, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4285
Dae Jaweon: page 431, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 681, character 5
Unihan data for U+5641

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
椏	qaːʔ, qraː
錏	*qraː
鵶	*qraː
啞	qraːʔ, qraːɡs, qraːɡ, qraːɡ
瘂	*qraːʔ
亞	*qraːɡs
婭	*qraːɡs
俹	*qraːɡs
稏	*qraːɡs
惡	qaː, qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
噁	*qaːɡs
堊	*qaːɡ
蝁	*qaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːɡs) : semantic 口 + phonetic 惡 (OC *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ).

Etymology 1

trad.		噁/惡^*
simp.		恶^*

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ě (e³)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ok³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ok²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ě
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ě
  - Wade–Giles: o³
  - Yale: ě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ee
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ok³
  - Yale: ok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: og³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːk̚³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ok²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔk̚⁵⁵/

Definitions

噁

Only used in 噁心／恶心 (ěxin).

Etymology 2

trad.		噁
simp.		恶^*

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wù (wu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wù
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wù
  - Wade–Giles: wu⁴
  - Yale: wù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
  - Palladius: у (u)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wu³
  - Yale: wu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː³³/

Middle Chinese: 'uH

Rime
Character	噁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏路切
Baxter	'uH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔuo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔuo^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔo^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɔ^H/
Li Rong	/ʔo^H/
Wang Li	/u^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔuo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qaːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	噁
Reading #	1/1
No.	14218
Phonetic component	亞
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	汙
Old Chinese	/*qaːɡs/
Notes	見史記

Definitions

噁

Only used in 喑噁／喑恶 (yīnwù).

Etymology 3

trad.		噁
simp.		恶^*

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wò (wo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wò
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wò
  - Wade–Giles: wo⁴
  - Yale: wò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woh
  - Palladius: во (vo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ⁵¹/

Definitions

噁

Only used in 噁噁／恶恶 (wòwò).

Etymology 4

trad.		噁
simp.		𫫇

From English ox(y)-.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): è, ě (e⁴, e³)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ, ㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ok³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷oq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Yale: è
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ě
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ě
  - Wade–Giles: o³
  - Yale: ě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ee
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ok³
  - Yale: ok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: og³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːk̚³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷oq
  - MiniDict: oh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴oq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /oʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

噁

(chemistry) Used in transcription: ox(y)-

Compounds

二噁烷／二𫫇烷 (èr'èwán)
二噁英／二𫫇英 (èr'èyīng)
噁丁環／𫫇丁环 (èdīnghuán)
噁唑／𫫇唑 (èzuò)
噁唑啉／𫫇唑啉 (èzuòlín)
噁唑烷／𫫇唑烷 (èzuòwán)
噁庚因／𫫇庚因 (ègēngyīn)
噁庚英／𫫇庚英 (ègēngyīng)

Etymology 5

trad.		噁
simp.		恶^*

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): o͘h / o̍͘h

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘h
  - Tâi-lô: ooh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɔʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o̍͘h
  - Tâi-lô: o̍oh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oh
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔʔ²⁴/

Definitions

噁

(Hokkien) to vomit
(Zhangzhou Hokkien) to make a vomiting sound

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 嘔吐 (“to vomit”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		嘔吐
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	吐
	Taiwan	吐
	Chengde	吐
	Chifeng	吐
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	吐
	Heihe	吐
	Qiqihar	吐
	Harbin	吐, 噦
	Jiamusi	吐
	Baicheng	吐
	Changchun	吐
	Tonghua	吐
	Shenyang	吐, 噦
	Jinzhou	吐, 噦
	Singapore	吐
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	吐
	Tangshan	吐
	Cangzhou	吐
	Baoding	吐, 噦
	Shijiazhuang	吐
	Lijin	吐
	Jinan	吐, 噦
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	吐
	Dandong	吐, 噦, 嘔
	Yantai	嘔
	Yantai (Muping)	嘔
	Qingdao	吐, 嘔
	Zhucheng	嘔
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	吐, 噦
	Jining	噦
	Wanrong	吐
	Linfen	吐
	Shangqiu	吐, 噦
	Yuanyang	吐, 噦
	Zhengzhou	噦
	Xinyang	吐
	Baihe	吐
	Xi'an	吐
	Baoji	吐
	Tianshui	嘔
	Xining	吐
	Xuzhou	吐, 噦
	Fuyang	吐, 噦
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	噁
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	吐
	Lanzhou	吐
	Dunhuang	吐
	Hami	吐
	Ürümqi	吐, 噦
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	吐, 發吐, 嘔吐
	Nanchong	吐
	Dazhou	吐
	Hanyuan	吐
	Xichang	吐, 嘔吐
	Zigong	吐
	Chongqing	噦, 吐
	Wuhan	吐, 嘔, 哇
	Yichang	吐
	Xiangyang	吐
	Tianmen	吐
	Guiyang	吐
	Zunyi	嘔
	Bijie	吐
	Liping	吐, 噦
	Zhaotong	吐
	Dali	吐
	Kunming	吐
	Mengzi	吐
	Guilin	吐
	Liuzhou	吐
	Jishou	嘔
	Changde	嘔
	Hanzhong	吐, 噦
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	吐, 噁
	Yangzhou	吐, 噁
	Lianyungang	吐
	Lianshui	噦
	Nantong	嘔
	Anqing	吐
	Wuhu	吐
	Hefei	噁
	Hong'an	吐, 噦
Cantonese	Guangzhou	嘔
	Hong Kong	嘔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	嘔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	嘔
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	嘔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	嘔
	Macau	嘔
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	嘔
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	嘔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	嘔
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	嘔
	Foshan	嘔
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	嘔
	Foshan (Shunde)	嘔
	Foshan (Sanshui)	嘔
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	嘔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	嘔
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	嘔
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	嘔
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	嘔
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	嘔
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	嘔
	Taishan	嘔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	嘔
	Enping (Niujiang)	嘔
	Heshan (Yayao)	嘔
	Dongguan	嘔
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	嘔
	Yangjiang	嘔
	Nanning	嘔
	Wuzhou	嘔
	Yulin	發嘔
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	嘔
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	嘔
	Singapore (Guangfu)	嘔
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	嘔
Gan	Nanchang	嘔
	Lichuan	吐
	Pingxiang	嘔, 吐
Hakka	Meixian	嘔, 翻
	Xingning	翻, 噁
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	嘔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	嘔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	發嘔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	嘔
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	嘔
	Yudu	嘔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	嘔, 翻, 翻肚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	嘔, 翻, 翻肚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	嘔, 翻, 翻肚
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	噁, 翻, 翻肚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	嘔, 翻, 翻肚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	吐, 貶腹
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	吐
	Senai (Huiyang)	嘔
Huizhou	Jixi	吐
Huizhou	Shexian	吐
Jin	Taiyuan	吐
	Yangyuan	吐
	Datong	吐
	Xinzhou	吐
	Lüliang (Lishi)	吐
	Changzhi	吐
	Linhe	吐
	Jining	吐
	Hohhot	吐
	Erenhot	吐
	Pingshan	噦
	Zhangjiakou	吐
	Handan	吐
	Linzhou	嘔吐
	Suide	吐
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吐, 哊
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	吐, 嘔, 哊, 嘔吐
Eastern Min	Fuqing	吐
Southern Min	Xiamen	吐, 噁
	Quanzhou	吐, 噁
	Zhangzhou	吐, 噁
	Dongshan	吐
	Tainan	吐, 掠兔仔, 出酒 due to drunkenness
	Singapore (Hokkien)	吐
	Manila (Hokkien)	吐
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	發吐
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	嘔
	Chaozhou	吐
	Shantou	吐, 嘔, 嘔噦
	Shantou (Chenghai)	吐, 嘔
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	吐
	Leizhou	吐
	Wenchang	吐
	Haikou	吐
	Singapore (Hainanese)	吐
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	噦, 嘔
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	吐
Wu	Shanghai	嘔
	Shanghai (Chongming)	嘔
	Suzhou	嘔
	Danyang	吐
	Hangzhou	冒
	Ningbo	冒
	Wenzhou	吐
	Jinhua	吐
Xiang	Changsha	嘔
	Shuangfeng	嘔
	Quanzhou	嘔

Compounds

噁噁吐／𫫇𫫇吐

References

“噁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

噁

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𫫖)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: う (u)
Kan-on: お (o)^{←を (wo, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: あく (aku)
Kun: おこる (okoru, 噁る)

Korean

Hanja

噁 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

噁: Hán Nôm readings: ạc, ỗ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.