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Urban-type settlements in Ukraine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Urban-type settlement (Ukrainian: селище міського типу, romanized: selyshche miskoho typu) was a type of administrative division for urban-like human settlements in Ukraine from 1925 until 2024. Following the reform, this type of settlement was reduced to rural status and all urban-type settlements were renamed as settlements.

According to the Constitution of Ukraine that was adopted in 1996, the only populated places in Ukraine are cities, settlements and villages (Article 133). No urban-type settlements are mentioned in the Constitution.

History

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In 1925, the designation of urban-type settlement was introduced into the classification system of the Soviet Union.[1] This included the Ukrainian SSR, where it replaced the previous term "town" (Ukrainian: містечко, romanized: mistechko).[2] In Crimea, this type of settlement appeared after its transfer to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954 and until then similar settlements were known as resort settlements or workers' settlements.

Ukrainian historian Oleksandr Androshchuk [uk] described the urban-type settlement as "a peculiar category of settlements [...] detached from the centuries-old history of urban settlement in Ukraine."[3] The number of urban-type settlements in Ukraine increased steadily throughout the 20th century. There were 459 by 1940, 478 by 1950, 823 by 1960, 861 by 1970, 901 by 1980, and 927 by 1990.[1] However, the newly created urban-type settlements often did not have significant differences from traditional villages, with many residents continuing to engage in agricultural lifestyles. Androshchuk notes that "during the first ten years of Soviet rule on the territory of modern Ukraine, three times more rural settlements were transferred to the category of urban-type settlements than in the previous 300 years", and argues that such a rapid change was doomed to be ineffective, as it was "not possible to force yesterday's peasant to wake up in the morning as a city dweller."[3]

In the years after World War II, many urban-type settlements grew to the point that their statuses were upgraded to that of cities of district subordination, shrinking the former category and growing the latter. This included places like Katyk (now Shakhtarsk), Vatutine, Kivertsi, and Haivoron.[4]

The largest wave of urban-type settlement creation took place in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when, according to Oleksandr Androshchuk in 2006, more than half of the urban-type settlements in existence were created. In 1957 alone, 125 settlements became urban-type settlements in Ukraine.[3] A 1965 decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic further clarified the definition of an urban-type settlement, defining it as "a populated area around an industrial plant, construction site, railway junction, educational institution, research station, sanatorium, or other stationary medical or convalescent establishment that has state housing and over 2,000 residents, 60 percent of whom are wage or salaried workers or members of their families." It was also specified that a such settlement may have less than 2,000 people if it is expected to develop further and pass that number.[1]

In 1981, the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR passed a resolution further specifying the definition of an urban-type settlement, and making it more clear how settlements could change their status.[5]

Ukraine became independent in 1991,[6] but retained the Soviet-era classifications of inhabited localities for a time. By July 2023, the number of urban-type settlements in the country had fallen to 881.[7] On 24 October 2023, as part of wider decommunization in independent Ukraine, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed Law No. 8263 that would abolish of the concept of "urban-type settlement" in Ukraine, which he said was to facilitate "de-Sovietization of the procedure for solving certain issues of the administrative and territorial system of Ukraine." The law is set to come into effect three months after its signing - meaning on 26 January 2024.[8] This was part of administrative reforms for decentralization intended to help reduce corruption.

List

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Below is the list of all urban-type settlements that existed in Ukraine.

During the Russo-Ukrainian War, Russia has illegally occupied parts of Ukraine. Since 2014, it has occupied the entire Crimean peninsula, as well as parts of Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast, and since 2022, it has additionally occupied significant portions of Kharkiv Oblast, Kherson Oblast, and Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[9] Russia does not recognize Ukraine's right to make legal changes to the statuses of localities in the territories it claims, so whether a settlement is considered an urban-type settlement may differ between the laws of the two countries. For simplicity, this list only gives the statuses of places according to Ukrainian law.

Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol

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Cherkasy Oblast

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Chernihiv Oblast

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Chernivtsi Oblast

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Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

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Donetsk Oblast

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Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast

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Kharkiv Oblast

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Kherson Oblast

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Khmelnytskyi Oblast

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Kyiv Oblast

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Kirovohrad Oblast

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Luhansk Oblast

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Lviv Oblast

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Mykolaiv Oblast

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Odesa Oblast

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Poltava Oblast

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Rivne Oblast

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Sumy Oblast

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Ternopil Oblast

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Vinnytsia Oblast

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Volyn Oblast

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Zakarpattia Oblast

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Zaporizhzhia Oblast

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Zhytomyr Oblast

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Also known as Yedy-Kuiu or Yedi Quyu.[11]
  2. ^ Also known as Telmanove.[20][21]
  3. ^ Also known as Krasnyi Oktiabr.[25]
  4. ^ Also transliterated as Niu-York. Its name was Novhorodske from 1951 until 2021.[26]
  5. ^ It was known as Leninske until 2016.[28]
  6. ^ It was known as Yama during this time. Yama lost urban-type settlement status because it was granted city status in 1961.[29]
  7. ^ Also known as Dubove.[33]
  8. ^ It was known as Artemivsk during this time. Artemivsk lost urban-type settlement status because it was granted city status in 1964.[34]
  9. ^ It was known as Nohaisk until 1964.[37]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Urban-type settlement". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  2. ^ Про загальну назву селищ міського типу.  (in Ukrainian). 11 November 1925 – via Wikisource.
  3. ^ a b c Androshchuk 2006, p. 4.
  4. ^ Androshchuk 2006, p. 2.
  5. ^ "Official Decree of the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada of March 12, 1981" (in Ukrainian).
  6. ^ A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples Archived 7 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine by Paul Robert Magocsi, University of Toronto Press, 2010, ISBN 1442610212 (page 563/564 & 722/723)
  7. ^ "В Україні ліквідували селища міського типу: що ще передбачає новий закон про населені пункти".
  8. ^ "Zelenskyy abolished urban-type settlements" (in Ukrainian). Ukrainska Pravda. 25 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  9. ^ Lewis, David (2024-01-18). "The Quiet Transformation of Occupied Ukraine". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  10. ^ Онищук, В. І. "Кача" [Kacha]. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 12. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  11. ^ a b Рак, М. А. (2016-02-01). "Леніне" [Lenine]. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 17. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  12. ^ Гріненко, А. І. "Вільшана" [Vilshana]. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 4. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  13. ^ Бучек, М. С. "Берегомет". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 2. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  14. ^ Панчук, П. В. "Глибока". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 5. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  15. ^ Андрущак, С. В.; Карапчієвська, В. Г. "Кельменці". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 12. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  16. ^ Черешнюк, М. М. "Кострижівка". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 14. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  17. ^ Хавронюк, О. В. "Красноїльськ". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 15. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  18. ^ Катрюк, Н. М.; Лаєвська, М. І. "Лужани". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 18. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  19. ^ Щербан, І. В. "Неполоківці". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 23. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  20. ^ "Russia releases video of demining teams in Donetsk". 2022-06-07. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  21. ^ "Ukrainian Forces Destroyed Russian Headquarters Near Mariupol". Charter 97.
  22. ^ "ТЕЛЬМАНОВЕ" [TELMANOVE]. Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015.
  23. ^ "Красна гора". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  24. ^ Прокопенко, Л. С. "Курдюмівка" [Kurdiumivka]. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 16. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  25. ^ a b Lazarenko, L. M. (2014-02-01). Красний Октябр (in Ukrainian). Vol. 15. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 9789660220744. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  26. ^ a b Бабарика, Л. А. (2021-02-01). "Нью-Йорк". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 23. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  27. ^ Брославська, О. М.; Сухачова, Л. І. "Никифорове". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 23. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  28. ^ a b Сліпцов, В. М. "Ленінське" [Leninske]. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 17. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  29. ^ a b "Місто, що не по зубах окупантам: історія Сіверська" (in Ukrainian). 2022-08-28. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  30. ^ "Verkhovyna". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  31. ^ "Vorokhta". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  32. ^ "Картка постанови" (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada. Archived from the original on 2021-11-26. Retrieved 2023-02-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  33. ^ "Про перейменування окремих населених пунктів та районів на тимчасово окупованих територіях Донецької та Луганської областей". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). 12 May 2016. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  34. ^ a b Барадулін, А. П. (2001-02-01). "Артемівськ". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 1. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  35. ^ Аведенко, І. І. "Любашівка". Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 18. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
  36. ^ "Komyshuvakha, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Orikhiv Raion". Regions of Ukraine and their Structure (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  37. ^ a b "ПРИМОРСЬК, ПРИМОРСЬКИЙ РАЙОН, ЗАПОРІЗЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ". The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR.
  38. ^ Yurieva, T. M. Веселе [Vesele] (in Ukrainian). Vol. 4. NASU Institute of Encyclopaedic Research. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.

Bibliography

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