Qased (rocket)

Qased
Function	Small-lift space launch vehicle
Manufacturer	Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
Country of origin	Iran
Size
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to LEO (500 km)
Mass	10 ~ 50 kg
Associated rockets
Family	Developed into Qaem 100
Launch history
Status	Active
Launch sites	Shahroud space center
Total launches	3
Success(es)	3
Failure(s)	0
First flight	22 April 2020
Last flight	27 September 2023
First stage
Diameter	1.25 m
Powered by	Ghadr
Maximum thrust	~ 30,000 kilograms-force (290,000 N; 66,000 lbf)
Burn time	103 seconds
Propellant	UDMH/N2O4
Second stage
Diameter	1 m
Powered by	Salman
Burn time	60 seconds
Propellant	solid
Third stage
Diameter	1 m
Powered by	Unnamed IRGC motor
Propellant	solid
	[edit on Wikidata]

The Qased (also Ghased, Persian: قاصد, lit. 'messenger') rocket is an Iranian expendable small-lift orbital space launch vehicle. It made its maiden flight in 2020, lofting Iran's first military satellite named Noor (Persian: نور, lit. 'light') into orbit.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Design

Qased is a three stage rocket. Its first stage is propelled by a Ghadr medium range ballistic missile with a diameter of 1.25 meters (4 ft 1 in), burning UDMH and N₂O₄ for 103 seconds and an approximate thrust of 30,000 kilograms-force (290 kN; 66,000 lbf), although Qased's application of the proven Ghadr as its first stage is limited to the first launches and subsequent launches are to utilize a solid fueled first stage. The 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) diameter second stage is the solid fueled Salman with a lightweight carbon fiber composite casing, a flexible nozzle with thrust vectoring capability, and a burn time of 60 seconds. The third stage was erroneously believed to be a Saman-1 upper stage with an Arash-24 solid fuel motor with a burn time of 40 seconds.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] Later publicly revealed images revealed it was a specific system developed by the IRGC.^[10]

Strategic implications

The launcher is notable as it is operated by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Aerospace force rather than the Iranian Space Agency (ISA) and is small enough to be launched from a transporter erector launcher.^[2] The launch unveiled a full-blown parallel military space program separate from the ISA, with separate development paths and solid fueled launch vehicles, as opposed to the ISA's liquid fueled rockets.^[6]^[7]

In terms of the Noor satellite itself, the launch does not fundamentally change the security equations in the Middle East; however, the unveiling of the IRGC space program and its emphasis towards solid fueled launch vehicles (which are more military viable than Iran's previous liquid fueled launchers like the Simorgh) might indicate Iran's hedging strategy to acquire ICBM technology without the security repercussions of openly attempting to do so.^[11]

Launch history

Flight No.	Date & time (UTC)	Payload	Type	Outcome	Remarks
1	22 April 2020, 04:00	Noor	Reconnaissance Satellite	Success	444 x 426 km orbit, 59.8 degree inclination^[2]
2	8 March 2022, 05:06	Noor 2	Reconnaissance Satellite	Success	495 x 513 km orbit, 58.3 degree inclination^[12]^[13]
3	27 September 2023, 06:00	Noor 3	Reconnaissance Satellite	Success	442 x 456 km orbit, 60.0 degree inclination^[14]

Gallery

Qased during preparations on the launch pad
Qased lifting off

External links

Manley, Scott (26 April 2020). "Decoding Iran's New 'Qased' Rocket and the 'Noor' Satellite". Scott Manley.
First launch video - "Qased launches Noor satellite". SciNews. 22 April 2020. A Qased launch vehicle launched the Noor satellite from Iran, on 22 April 2020. According to official sources, Qased (قاصد) is a "three-stage, solid-propellant launcher" and the Noor ( نور) satellite was placed in a 425-km orbit.

References

^ Borger, Julian (2020-04-22). "Iran reportedly launches first military satellite as Trump makes threats". The Guardian. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c David Todd (2020-04-22). "Iran launches new Qased rocket type with Noor military sat aboard". SpaceTrak. Seradata. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
^ Stephen Clark (2020-04-22). "Iran places military satellite in orbit". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
^ Loren Grush (2020-04-22). "Iran claims it has successfully launched a military satellite". The Verge. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
^ "Iran launches its first military satellite". Al Jazeera. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
^ ^a ^b "The IRGC gets into the space-launch business". IISS. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
^ ^a ^b "Have Iran's space ambitions taken a worrisome new turn?". www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
^ "Qased". www.b14643.de. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
^ Hitchens, Theresa (2020-06-29). "New Iranian Missile Could Strike Central Europe: Analysis". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
^ "رمزگشایی از مرحله سوم ماهواره‌برهای سپاه/ برگ برنده‌ای که ارتفاع مداری ماهواره‌های ایران را دوبرابر کرد- اخبار نظامی | دفاعی | امنیتی - اخبار سیاسی تسنیم | Tasnim". خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-06-26.
^ Sheldon, John (2020-05-12). "#SpaceWatchGL Perspectives On Iran's Satellite Launch: Fabian Hinz On The Qased Satellite Launch Vehicle". SpaceWatch.Global. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
^ McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (8 March 2022). "Iran's IRGC missile forces (سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی,) launched the second Qased launch vehicle at aroud 0506 UTC Mar 8, placing the Noor 2 satellite in a 495 x 513 km x 58.3 deg orbit" (Tweet). Retrieved 8 March 2022 – via Twitter.
^ "Iran puts second military satellite into orbit - Tasnim". Reuters. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
^ Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (27 September 2023). "LAUNCH of the Noor 3 spy satellite on a Qased launch vehicle by Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corp. Space Force cataloged 2 objects in 442 x 456 km x 60.0 deg orbit consistent with launch from Shahroud at 0600 UTC (+- 5 min)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

[guardian-20200422-1] Borger, Julian (2020-04-22). "Iran reportedly launches first military satellite as Trump makes threats". The Guardian. Retrieved 2020-04-28.

[seradata-20200422-2] David Todd (2020-04-22). "Iran launches new Qased rocket type with Noor military sat aboard". SpaceTrak. Seradata. Retrieved 2020-04-28.

[SpaceFlightNow-20200422-3] Stephen Clark (2020-04-22). "Iran places military satellite in orbit". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2020-04-28.

[Verge-20200422-4] Loren Grush (2020-04-22). "Iran claims it has successfully launched a military satellite". The Verge. Retrieved 2020-04-28.

[AJE-20200422-5] "Iran launches its first military satellite". Al Jazeera. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-04-28.

[:0-6] "The IRGC gets into the space-launch business". IISS. Retrieved 2021-07-23.

[:1-7] "Have Iran's space ambitions taken a worrisome new turn?". www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org. Retrieved 2021-07-23.

[8] "Qased". www.b14643.de. Retrieved 2021-07-23.

[9] Hitchens, Theresa (2020-06-29). "New Iranian Missile Could Strike Central Europe: Analysis". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 2021-07-23.

[10] "رمزگشایی از مرحله سوم ماهواره‌برهای سپاه/ برگ برنده‌ای که ارتفاع مداری ماهواره‌های ایران را دوبرابر کرد- اخبار نظامی | دفاعی | امنیتی - اخبار سیاسی تسنیم | Tasnim". خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-06-26.

[11] Sheldon, John (2020-05-12). "#SpaceWatchGL Perspectives On Iran's Satellite Launch: Fabian Hinz On The Qased Satellite Launch Vehicle". SpaceWatch.Global. Retrieved 2021-07-23.

[12] McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (8 March 2022). "Iran's IRGC missile forces (سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی,) launched the second Qased launch vehicle at aroud 0506 UTC Mar 8, placing the Noor 2 satellite in a 495 x 513 km x 58.3 deg orbit" (Tweet). Retrieved 8 March 2022 – via Twitter.

[13] "Iran puts second military satellite into orbit - Tasnim". Reuters. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.

[14] Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (27 September 2023). "LAUNCH of the Noor 3 spy satellite on a Qased launch vehicle by Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corp. Space Force cataloged 2 objects in 442 x 456 km x 60.0 deg orbit consistent with launch from Shahroud at 0600 UTC (+- 5 min)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

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v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 7 7A 8 11 11H LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased RS1^† Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Deca Epsilon S Eris Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 12 Miura 5 MLV Neutron New Glenn New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^†
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol ^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)