Long March 2E

	Rendering of Long March 2E
Function	Carrier rocket
Manufacturer	CALT
Country of origin	China
Size
Height	49.70 metres (163.1 ft)
Diameter	3.35 metres (11.0 ft)
Mass	460,000 kilograms (1,010,000 lb)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Mass	9,500 kilograms (20,900 lb)
Payload to Geosynchronous transfer orbit
Mass	3,500 kilograms (7,700 lb)
Associated rockets
Family	Long March
Derivative work	Long March 2F
Launch history
Status	Retired
Launch sites	XSLC, LA-2
Total launches	7
Success(es)	4
Failure(s)	1
Partial failure(s)	2
First flight	16 July 1990
Last flight	28 December 1995
Boosters
No. boosters	4
Height	15.33 metres (50.3 ft)
Diameter	2.25 metres (7 ft 5 in)
Empty mass	3,000 kilograms (6,600 lb)
Gross mass	40,754 kilograms (89,847 lb)
Propellant mass	37,754 kilograms (83,233 lb)
Powered by	1 YF-20B
Maximum thrust	740.4 kilonewtons (166,400 lbf)
Specific impulse	2,556.2 metres per second (260.66 s)
Burn time	127 seconds
Propellant	N2O4 / UDMH
First stage
Height	28.47 metres (93.4 ft)
Diameter	3.35 metres (11.0 ft)
Empty mass	12,550 kilograms (27,670 lb)
Gross mass	198,825 kilograms (438,334 lb)
Propellant mass	186,280 kilograms (410,680 lb)
Powered by	4 YF-20B
Maximum thrust	2,961.6 kilonewtons (665,800 lbf)
Specific impulse	2,556.2 metres per second (260.66 s)
Burn time	160 seconds
Propellant	N2O4 / UDMH
Second stage
Height	14.22 metres (46.7 ft)
Diameter	3.35 metres (11.0 ft)
Empty mass	4,955 kilograms (10,924 lb)
Gross mass	91,414 kilograms (201,533 lb)
Propellant mass	84,759 kilograms (186,862 lb)
Powered by	1 YF-24B; (1 x YF-22B (main)); (4 x YF-23B (vernier))
Maximum thrust	738.4 kilonewtons (166,000 lbf) (main); 47.1 kilonewtons (10,600 lbf) (vernier)
Specific impulse	2,922.4 metres per second (298.00 s) (main); 2,834.1 metres per second (289.00 s) (vernier)
Burn time	301 seconds
Propellant	N2O4 / UDMH
Third stage – EPKM (optional)
Height	2.936 metres (9 ft 7.6 in)
Diameter	1.7 metres (5 ft 7 in)
Empty mass	557 kilograms (1,228 lb)
Gross mass	6,001 kilograms (13,230 lb)
Propellant mass	5,444 kilograms (12,002 lb)
Powered by	1 FG-46
Maximum thrust	190 kilonewtons (43,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	2,870 metres per second (293 s)
Burn time	87 seconds
Propellant	HTPB
	[edit on Wikidata]

The Long March 2E, also known as the Chang Zheng 2E, CZ-2E and LM-2E, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket from the Long March 2 family. The Long March 2E was a three-stage carrier rocket that was designed to launch commercial communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbit. Launches took place from launch complex 2 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.

The Long March 2E made its maiden flight on 16 July 1990. However, the rocket had compatibility flaws with the American-made satellites that caused one launch failures and one partial failure in just 7 missions. The rocket was retired on 28 December 1995 in favor of the Long March 3B. The Long March 2E forms the basis of the Long March 2F, used to launch crewed Shenzhou missions. The booster rockets have also been used on the Long March 3B and Long March 3C.

Launches

The Long March 2E made its maiden flight on 16 July 1990 and made 7 launches in total. All of the failures were caused by excessive vibration.

The first partial failure occurred on 21 December 1992, during the launch of the original Optus B2. Windshear caused the payload fairing to implode 45 seconds into flight, destroying the satellite. The rocket continued to orbit, deploying what was left of the upper stage and payload into a low Earth orbit.^[2] U.S. satellite manufacturer Hughes recommended reinforcement of the fairing. However, China chose not to follow the recommendation and instead added more rivets for the successful launch of Optus B3.^[3]

The second failure occurred on 25 January 1995 during the launch of Apstar 2, when the rocket exploded 50 seconds after liftoff. Based on readings from instrumentation that it added to the satellite, Hughes concluded that wind shear had again caused the collapse of a structurally-deficient fairing. However, Liu Jiyuan, the Director of the China Aerospace Corporation, claimed that the rocket-satellite interface was at fault and threatened never to do business with Hughes again. The two sides finally agreed that the interface and the fairing would both be redesigned.^[3]^[4]

The information provided by Hughes caused great political controversy in the United States, since it could be used to improve Chinese rockets and ballistic missiles. In 1998, the U.S. Congress classified satellite technology as a munition and gave control over export licenses to the State Department under ITAR.^[5] No export licenses to China have been approved since 1998, and an official at the United States Bureau of Industry and Security emphasized in 2016 that "no U.S.-origin content, regardless of significance, regardless of whether it's incorporated into a foreign-made item, can go to China".^[6]

The return-to-flight payload, AsiaSat 2, had to pay a 27% premium for satellite insurance instead of the usual 17–20%. Although the satellite was delivered to the correct orbit, the launch was a partial failure. Excessive forces during the launch caused a misalignment of the antenna feed horns on the Ku-band transponders, reducing the satellite's coverage area.^[3] AsiaSat filed a satellite insurance claim for US$58 million.^[7]

After one more successful launch, the Long March 2E was retired at the end of 1995.

List of Launches

Flight number	Date (UTC)	Launch site	Upper stage	Payload	Orbit	Result
1	16 July 1990 00:40:00	XSLC, LA-2	SPTS-M14	Optus-B mass simulator Badr-1	GTO LEO	Success
2	13 August 1992 23:00:00	XSLC, LA-2	Star-63F	Optus-B1	GTO	Success^[note]
3	21 December 1992 11:21:00	XSLC, LA-2	Star-63F	Optus-B2	GTO	Partial Failure
4	27 August 1994 23:10:00	XSLC, LA-2	Star-63F	Optus-B3	GTO	Success
5	25 January 1995 22:40:00	XSLC, LA-2	Star-63F	Apstar 2	GTO	Failure
6	28 November 1995 11:30:00	XSLC, LA-2	EPKM	AsiaSat 2	GTO	Partial Failure^[note]
7	28 December 1995 11:50:00	XSLC, LA-2	EPKM	Echostar 1	GTO	Success

^note Original launch attempt on 22 March 1992 at 10:40 UTC was aborted after engine ignition due to one booster engine igniter shutdown after metal contaminants caused electric arcing. Launch vehicle suffered damage and had to be replaced.

^note Excessive forces during the launch caused a misalignment of the antenna feed horns on the Ku-band transponders, reducing the satellite's coverage area.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Mark Wade. "CZ-2E". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
^ Mark, Wade. "HS 601". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on December 27, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "CZ-2E Space Launch Vehicle". GlobalSecurity.org.
^ Zinger, Kurtis J. (26 October 2014). "An Overreaction that Destroyed an Industry: The Past, Present, and Future of U.S. Satellite Export Controls" (PDF). University of Colorado Law Review. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2022.
^ Zelnio, Ryan (January 9, 2006). "A short history of export control policy". The Space Review.
^ de Selding, Peter B. (April 14, 2016). "U.S. ITAR satellite export regime's effects still strong in Europe". SpaceNews.
^ "Ku Transponder Shortfall Prompts AsiaSat Claim". Aviation Week & Space Technology. September 23, 1996.

This rocketry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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[EA-1] Mark Wade. "CZ-2E". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-05-02.

[2] Mark, Wade. "HS 601". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on December 27, 2016.

[globalsecurity-3] "CZ-2E Space Launch Vehicle". GlobalSecurity.org.

[zinger2014-4] Zinger, Kurtis J. (26 October 2014). "An Overreaction that Destroyed an Industry: The Past, Present, and Future of U.S. Satellite Export Controls" (PDF). University of Colorado Law Review. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2022.

[zenio2006-5] Zelnio, Ryan (January 9, 2006). "A short history of export control policy". The Space Review.

[selding2016-6] Selding, Peter B. (April 14, 2016). "U.S. ITAR satellite export regime's effects still strong in Europe". SpaceNews.

[7] "Ku Transponder Shortfall Prompts AsiaSat Claim". Aviation Week & Space Technology. September 23, 1996.

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v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 7 7A 8 11 11H LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased RS1^† Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Deca Epsilon S Eris Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 12 Miura 5 MLV Neutron New Glenn New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^†
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol ^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)

v t e Long March (rocket family)
Rockets	Feng Bao 1 Long March 1 1D Long March 2 2A 2C 2D 2E 2F Long March 3 3A 3B 3B/E 3C Long March 4 4A 4B 4C Long March 5 5B Long March 6 6A 6C Long March 7 7A Long March 8 8A Long March 9 Long March 10 Long March 11 Long March 12
Launch sites	Jiuquan Taiyuan Wenchang Commercial Xichang
Manufacturers	China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology
Designers	Wang Xiji
List of Long March launches