AVE

AVE
Main station(s)	Madrid Atocha, Barcelona Sants, Seville-Santa Justa, Zaragoza–Delicias
Other station(s)	Madrid Chamartín, Valencia-Joaquín Sorolla, Málaga-María Zambrano, Granada, Alicante Terminal, Valladolid-Campo Grande, A Coruña-San Cristóbal, Santiago de Compostela railway station, Ourense, Córdoba
Fleet size	22 S-100 ; 16 S-102 ; 26 S-103 ; 20 S-106 ; 25 S-112
Stations called at	52
Parent company	Renfe
Technical
Track gauge	Standard (1435 mm)
Electrification	25 kV AC (some sections on 3 kV DC network)
Length	3,966 km (2,464 mi)
Other
Website	https://www.renfe.com

Alta Velocidad Española (AVE)^[a] is a high-speed rail service operated by Renfe, the Spanish State railway company.

The first AVE service was inaugurated in 1992, with the introduction of the first Spanish high-speed railway connecting the cities of Madrid, Córdoba and Seville.

In addition to Renfe's use of the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias-managed rail infrastructure in Spain, Renfe offers two AVE services partially in France, connecting respectively Barcelona-Lyon and Madrid-Marseille.^[7]

Alta Velocidad Española translates to "Spanish High Speed", but the initials are also a play on the word ave, meaning "bird". AVE trains operate at speeds of up to 300 km/h (186 mph).^[8]^[9]

Services

As of 2024^[update] Renfe offers the following AVE services:^[10]

Alicante–León via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín, Valladolid and Palencia.
Alicante–Ourense via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Zamora.
Barcelona–Granada via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba and Antequera.
Barcelona–Málaga via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera.
Barcelona–Seville via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano and Córdoba (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Burgos–Murcia via Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Elche and Orihuela.
Gijón–Castellón via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia and Sagunto.
Gijón–Vinaros, via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia, Sagunto, Castellón, Benicàssim, Oropesa del Mar and Benicarló (only in summertime).
Huesca–Seville via Tardienta, Zaragoza, Calatayud, Guadalajara, Madrid-Puerta de Atocha and Córdoba
Madrid–A Coruña via Zamora, Ourense and Santiago De Compostela.
Madrid–Alicante via Cuenca, Albacete, and Villena (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Barcelona via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, and Tarragona (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Castellón via Cuenca, Requena-Utiel and Valencia.
Madrid–Figueres via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, Tarragona, Barcelona and Girona (trains are scheduled with selective stops).
Madrid–Gijón via Valladolid, Palencia, León and Oviedo.
Madrid–Granada via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, Antequera and Loja (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Huesca via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, and Tardienta.
Madrid–León via Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia.
Madrid–Málaga via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Murcia via Elche and Orihuela (some trains are arriving to Alicante and then reversing towards Murcia).
Madrid–Ourense via Zamora.
Madrid–Seville via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Valencia via Cuenca and Requena-Utiel (non stop trains are also scheduled).
Madrid–Vigo via Zamora, Sanabria, A Gudiña, Ourense, Santiago De Compostela and Pontevedra.
Valencia–Burgos via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Valladolid (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Valencia–León via via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid-Chamartín, Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Valencia–Seville via Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba.

International:^[11]
- Barcelona–Lyon via Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Montpellier, Nîmes, and Valence.
- Madrid–Marseille via Guadalajara, Zaragoza, Tarragona, Barcelona, Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Béziers, Montpellier, Nîmes, Avignon and Aix-en-Provence.

The central hub of the AVE system is Madrid's Puerta de Atocha, except for the Madrid–Asturias, Madrid–Burgos, Madrid–Galicia, Madrid–Alicante and Madrid-Murcia lines, that terminate at Chamartín station.^[12]^[13]

Trains

Currently, there are several series of high-speed trains that run the AVE service:

S-100, manufactured by Alstom
S-102, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier
S-103, manufactured by Siemens, marketed globally under the brand Siemens Velaro
S-106, manufactured by Talgo, marketed globally as Talgo AVRIL.
S-112, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier

A Talgo 350 train (Renfe Class 102) at Madrid Atocha station.
AVE train Talgo 350 (Renfe Class 102)
Talgo 350 train (Renfe Class 102) at Lleida Pirineus station
AVE "Alstom" (Renfe Class 100) trainset at Córdoba.
A RENFE AVE S-103 (Siemens Velaro E) at Figueres Vilafant railway station in 2013.
AVE Talgo Avril train (Renfe Class 106).

Passenger usage

The still-growing network transported a record 32.4 million passengers in 2023.^[14] Though the network length is extensive, it lags in ridership behind comparable high-speed rail systems in Japan, France, Germany, China, Taiwan, and Korea.

AVE passengers in millions from 2006 to 2023^[15]^[16]
2000s							2006	2007	2008	2009
2000s							4.878	5.559	11.461	11.250
2010s	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
2010s	10.851	12.563	12.101	14.697	17.967	19.428	20.352	21.108	21.332	22.370
2020s	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029
2020s	7.603	12,282	23,562	31,784

Rail infrastructure in Spain and Europe

Notes

^ Spanish pronunciation:
[ˈalta βeloθiˈðað espaˈɲola], [ˈaβe]

References

^ "S-100". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
^ "S-102/112". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
^ "S-103". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
^ "Renfe pone en circulación los S-106 con un incremento de 14.400 plazas para los servicios Avlo que circulan entre Madrid, Aragón, Cataluña, Comunitat Valenciana y Murcia" (in Spanish). Renfe. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
^ "Flota de trenes". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
^ "Red de Alta Velocidad". ADIF. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
^ "Renfe empieza a operar en Francia con un AVE entre Barcelona y Lyon". rtve.es. 13 July 2023.
^ "Madrid — Barcelona at 310 km/h with ETCS Level 2". Railway Gazette International. London. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
^ "Velocidades máximas de los trenes y de las líneas" (maximum speeds of the trains and of the lines), last updated on 10 December 2022, accessed on 7 May 2023.
^ "Renfe". Renfe. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
^ "Renfe places AVE (high-speed) tickets on sale in France". Renfe. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
^ "Renfe reorganiza la oferta de los servicios AVE Madrid-Alicante tras el traslado de la cabecera de Puerta de Atocha a Chamartín Clara Campoamor" (in Spanish). Renfe. 19 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
^ "El AVE Madrid-Murcia comenzará el servicio comercial el próximo 20 de diciembre". Renfe. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
^ "High-Speed Rail in Spain Sees Record Usage in 2023". ftnnews.com. 26 July 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
^ "High Speed: Open access comes to Spain". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
^ "Spain: high-speed rail passenger traffic 2022". Statista. Retrieved 2023-12-24.

External links

AVE (Renfe)

[7] Spanish pronunciation:
[ˈalta βeloθiˈðað espaˈɲola], [ˈaβe]

[1] "S-100". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.

[2] "S-102/112". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.

[3] "S-103". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.

[4] "Renfe pone en circulación los S-106 con un incremento de 14.400 plazas para los servicios Avlo que circulan entre Madrid, Aragón, Cataluña, Comunitat Valenciana y Murcia" (in Spanish). Renfe. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.

[5] "Flota de trenes". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.

[ADIF-6] "Red de Alta Velocidad". ADIF. Retrieved 7 May 2023.

[8] "Renfe empieza a operar en Francia con un AVE entre Barcelona y Lyon". rtve.es. 13 July 2023.

[9] "Madrid — Barcelona at 310 km/h with ETCS Level 2". Railway Gazette International. London. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2011.

[geotren-max-speeds-10] "Velocidades máximas de los trenes y de las líneas" (maximum speeds of the trains and of the lines), last updated on 10 December 2022, accessed on 7 May 2023.

[11] "Renfe". Renfe. Retrieved 7 May 2023.

[12] "Renfe places AVE (high-speed) tickets on sale in France". Renfe. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

[13] "Renfe reorganiza la oferta de los servicios AVE Madrid-Alicante tras el traslado de la cabecera de Puerta de Atocha a Chamartín Clara Campoamor" (in Spanish). Renfe. 19 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.

[14] "El AVE Madrid-Murcia comenzará el servicio comercial el próximo 20 de diciembre". Renfe. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.

[15] "High-Speed Rail in Spain Sees Record Usage in 2023". ftnnews.com. 26 July 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.

[16] "High Speed: Open access comes to Spain". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 2024-10-24.

[17] "Spain: high-speed rail passenger traffic 2022". Statista. Retrieved 2023-12-24.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[a]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]