Chakrulo

Chakrulo (Georgian: ჩაკრულო, transliterated: chak'rulo) is a Georgian polyphonic choral folk song. It is a three-part song from the region of Kakheti, dramatising preparations for a battle.^[1] It is characterised by two highly ornamented individual vocal parts over a choral foundation.^[2]

When Georgian vocal polyphony was recognized by UNESCO, as an Intangible Heritage masterpiece in 2001, Chakrulo was cited as a prime example.^[3] Chakrulo was one of 29 musical compositions included on the Voyager Golden Records that were sent into space on Voyager 2 on 20 August 1977, and Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977.^[4]^[5]^[6]

References

^ "Chakrulo". caucasophilia.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
^ Tsitsishvili, Nino (1 June 2009). "National Ideologies in the Era of Global Fusions: Georgian Polyphonic Song as a UNESCO-sanctioned Masterpiece of Intangible Heritage". Music and Politics. III (1). doi:10.3998/mp.9460447.0003.104.
^ "Georgian polyphonic singing - intangible heritage - Culture Sector". UNESCO. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
^ Gabrichidze, Manana (25 September 2014). "The Untold Story of How "Chakrulo" Ended Up in Space". Georgian Journal. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
^ "Voyager - The Interstellar Mission". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
^ Sagan, Carl (1978). Murmurs of Earth : the Voyager interstellar record. Random House. pp. 154, 204–205. ISBN 0394410475.

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[1] "Chakrulo". caucasophilia.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2017.

[2] Tsitsishvili, Nino (1 June 2009). "National Ideologies in the Era of Global Fusions: Georgian Polyphonic Song as a UNESCO-sanctioned Masterpiece of Intangible Heritage". Music and Politics. III (1). doi:10.3998/mp.9460447.0003.104.

[3] "Georgian polyphonic singing - intangible heritage - Culture Sector". UNESCO. Retrieved 29 April 2024.

[4] Gabrichidze, Manana (25 September 2014). "The Untold Story of How "Chakrulo" Ended Up in Space". Georgian Journal. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.

[5] "Voyager - The Interstellar Mission". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 24 February 2017.

[6] Sagan, Carl (1978). Murmurs of Earth : the Voyager interstellar record. Random House. pp. 154, 204–205. ISBN 0394410475.

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v t e Voyager Golden Record
Contents Voyager program Voyager 1 Voyager 2
Sound	first movement of Brandenburg Concerto No. 2, BWV 1047 "Cavatina" from Beethoven's String Quartet No. 13 Chakrulo "Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground" "Gavotte en Rondeau" from Partita for Violin No. 3, BWV 1006 "Izlel ye Delyo Haydutin" "Johnny B. Goode" Mugham Prelude and Fugue in C major, BWV 870, from The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book II Puspawarna Queen of the Night aria from The Magic Flute "Sacrificial Dance" from The Rite of Spring Songs of the Humpback Whale first movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5
Contributors	Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven Valya Balkanska Bavarian State Opera with Edda Moser, conductor: Wolfgang Sawallisch Budapest String Quartet Johann Sebastian Bach Ludwig van Beethoven Chuck Berry Columbia Symphony Orchestra conductor: Igor Stravinsky John Cohen Tom Djäwa Ann Druyan Glenn Gould Arthur Grumiaux Guan Pinghu Anthony Holborne Kamil Jalilov Blind Willie Johnson Kesarbai Kerkar Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Münchener Bach-Orchester conductor: Karl Richter David Munrow with the Early Music Consort K. P. H. Notoprojo Philharmonia Orchestra conductor: Otto Klemperer Carl Sagan Nick Sagan Laurie Spiegel Gorō Yamaguchi
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See also

References