非常

Chinese

		(be) not; wrong; blame (be) not; wrong; blame; Africa	always; ever; often always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant
trad. (非常)		非	常
simp. ^#(非常)		非	常

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fēicháng

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄟㄔㄤˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fei¹ cang²
Cantonese (Jyutping): fei¹ soeng⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fî-sòng

(Meixian, Guangdong): fi¹ song²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hui-siông / hui-siâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hui¹ sion⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹fi-zan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēicháng → fēichang (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄟㄔㄤˊ → ㄈㄟ ˙ㄔㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: feichång
  - Wade–Giles: fei¹-chʻang⁵
  - Yale: fēi-chang
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fei.charng
  - Palladius: фэйчан (fɛjčan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/ → /feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fei¹ cang²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: feicang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fei⁵⁵ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fei¹ soeng⁴
  - Yale: fēi sèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fei¹ soeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: féi¹ sêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fei̯⁵⁵ sœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fî-sòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: fi^ˊ song^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fi¹ song²
  - Sinological IPA: /fi²⁴ soŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fi¹ song²
  - Sinological IPA: /fi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sɔŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui-siông
  - Tâi-lô: hui-siông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huisioong
  - IPA (Taipei): /hui⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hui⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hui³³ siɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui-siâng
  - Tâi-lô: hui-siâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huisiaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hui⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hui¹ sion⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hui siôⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui³³⁻²³ sĩõ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹fi-zan
  - MiniDict: fi^平 zan
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹fi-zan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fi⁵⁵ zã²¹/

Middle Chinese: pj+j dzyang

Rime
Character	非	常
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	微 (21)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	甫微切	市羊切
Baxter	pj+j	dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉi/	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷɨi/	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/piuəi/	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puj/	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/piuəi/	/ʑiaŋ/
Wang Li	/pĭwəi/	/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pwe̯i/	/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēi	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fei¹	soeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pəj [d]aŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯl djaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	非	常
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēi	cháng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjɨj ›	‹ dzyang ›
Old Chinese	/*pəj/	/*[d]aŋ/
English	is not	constant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	非	常
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3076	11152
Phonetic component	非	尚
Rime group	微	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	猆	常
Old Chinese	/*pɯl/	/*djaŋ/

Adverb

非常

extremely; very; highly
非常感謝／非常感谢 ― fēicháng gǎnxiè ― to be extremely grateful; thank you very much

非常努力地工作 ― fēicháng nǔlì de gōngzuò ― to work extremely hard

他在信中的用詞非常犀利。 [MSC, trad.]
他在信中的用词非常犀利。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā zài xìn zhōng de yòngcí fēicháng xīlì. [Pinyin]
His wording in the letter is very sharp.

他是有文化的人，說的話非常好聽。 [MSC, trad.]
他是有文化的人，说的话非常好听。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā shì yǒu wénhuà de rén, shuō de huà fēicháng hǎotīng. [Pinyin]
He's well-educated, and speaks very smoothly.

他是一位胸懷十分豁達，並且意念非常堅強的領袖。 [MSC, trad.]
他是一位胸怀十分豁达，并且意念非常坚强的领袖。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā shì yī wèi xiōnghuái shífēn huòdá, bìngqiě yìniàn fēicháng jiānqiáng de lǐngxiù. [Pinyin]
He's a very broad-minded and strong-willed leader.

Synonyms

edit

不要太 (bùyàotài) (slang)
十分 (shífēn)
危險／危险 (Wu)
壞／坏 (huài)
孔 (kǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
很 (hěn)
極其／极其 (jíqí)
極度／极度 (jídù)
極為／极为 (jíwéi)
極端／极端 (jíduān)
滾／滚 (gǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
異常／异常 (yìcháng)
老大 (lǎodà) (colloquial, usually in the negative)
良
超 (chāo)
頗／颇 (pō) (literary)
頗為／颇为 (pōwéi) (literary)

Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
	Taiwan	很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
	Malaysia	很
	Singapore	很, 蠻, 非常
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	很
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	很, 好
	Chongqing	很
	Wuhan	蠻, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蠻, 稀, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	很
Cantonese	Guangzhou	好, 非常之
	Hong Kong	好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	好
	Taishan	好, 十分之
	Yangjiang	好
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	好
	Singapore (Guangfu)	好, 非常之, 非常
Gan	Nanchang	蠻
Hakka	Meixian	好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
	Huidong (Daling)	好
	Wuhua (Meilin)	好
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	頂
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	好
	Changting	野
	Wuping (Pingyu)	已, 刮
	Liancheng	樣
	Ninghua	好
	Ruijin	蠻
	Shicheng	蠻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	蠻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當, 已, 還
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蓋, 盡, 還
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當, 盡, 已, 還
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當, 已, 還
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當, 已, 還
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	足, 真, 實在
	Hong Kong	好
	Sabah (Bao'an)	好
	Kuching (Hepo)	很
	Singapore (Dabu)	好
Jin	Taiyuan	很, 挺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	盡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野, 真
	Singapore (Fuqing)	真
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	真
Southern Min	Xiamen	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	真
	Quanzhou	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
	Jinjiang	野
	Zhangzhou	盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
	Zhao'an	很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
	Dongshan	真, 非常
	Taipei	真, 誠
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	真, 誠
	Kaohsiung	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Yilan	有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
	Changhua (Lukang)	真, 誠
	Taichung	誠, 蓋, 足
	Tainan	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Hsinchu	真, 誠
	Kinmen	足, 誠
	Penghu (Magong)	真, 誠
	Penang (Hokkien)	真, 誠, 真正
	Singapore (Hokkien)	真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
	Manila (Hokkien)	野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
	Chaozhou	過, 好, 非常, 死爸
	Shantou	過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
	Shantou (Chenghai)	好, 死絕
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	好, 非常
	Jieyang	過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
	Bangkok (Teochew)	好
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	好
	Singapore (Teochew)	真, 死爸, 非常
	Wenchang	極, 但顧, 真
	Haikou	但顧
	Qionghai	但顧, 真
	Singapore (Hainanese)	但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	好, 蠻
Wu	Shanghai	蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
	Suzhou	蠻, 窮
	Hangzhou	蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
	Ningbo	交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
	Zhoushan	交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
	Wenzhou	蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang	Changsha	很, 蠻
Xiang	Shuangfeng	蠻

Derived terms

非常感謝／非常感谢 (fēicháng gǎnxiè)

Adjective

非常

(formal) unusual; special; not the run of the mill; extraordinary; exceptional
- 古者富貴而名磨滅，不可勝記，唯倜儻非常之人稱焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  古者富贵而名磨灭，不可胜记，唯倜傥非常之人称焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 1st century BCE, Sima Qian, Letter to Ren An. Translated by Burton Watson.
  Gǔ zhě fùguì ér míng mómiè, bùkě shēngjì, wéi tìtǎng fēicháng zhī rén chēng yān. [Pinyin]
  Too numerous to record are the men of ancient times who were rich and noble and whose name have yet vanished away. It is only those who were masterful and sure, the truly extraordinary ones, who are still remembered.

Synonyms

edit

別樣／别样 (biéyàng)
各 (gě) (dialectal, pejorative)
奇特 (qítè)
專有／专有 (zhuānyǒu) (attributive)
殊異／殊异 (shūyì) (literary)
特別／特别 (tèbié)
特有 (tèyǒu) (attributive)
特殊 (tèshū)
特異／特异 (tèyì)
獨特／独特 (dútè)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (非常):

→ Japanese: 非(ひ)常(じょう) (hijō)
→ Korean: 비상(非常) (bisang)
→ Vietnamese: phi thường (非常)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
非	常
ひ Grade: 5	じょう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Adjective

非(ひ)常(じょう) • (hijō) -na (adnominal 非(ひ)常(じょう)な (hijō na), adverbial 非(ひ)常(じょう)に (hijō ni))

extraordinary, unusual

Inflection

Inflection of 非常

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	非常だろ	ひじょうだろ	hijō daro
Continuative (連用形)	非常で	ひじょうで	hijō de
Terminal (終止形)	非常だ	ひじょうだ	hijō da
Attributive (連体形)	非常な	ひじょうな	hijō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	非常なら	ひじょうなら	hijō nara
Imperative (命令形)	非常であれ	ひじょうであれ	hijō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	非常ではない非常じゃない	ひじょうではないひじょうじゃない	hijō de wa nai hijō ja nai
Informal past	非常だった	ひじょうだった	hijō datta
Informal negative past	非常ではなかった非常じゃなかった	ひじょうではなかったひじょうじゃなかった	hijō de wa nakatta hijō ja nakatta
Formal	非常です	ひじょうです	hijō desu
Formal negative	非常ではありません非常じゃありません	ひじょうではありませんひじょうじゃありません	hijō de wa arimasen hijō ja arimasen
Formal past	非常でした	ひじょうでした	hijō deshita
Formal negative past	非常ではありませんでした非常じゃありませんでした	ひじょうではありませんでしたひじょうじゃありませんでした	hijō de wa arimasen deshita hijō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	非常で	ひじょうで	hijō de
Conditional	非常なら（ば）	ひじょうなら（ば）	hijō nara (ba)
Provisional	非常だったら	ひじょうだったら	hijō dattara
Volitional	非常だろう	ひじょうだろう	hijō darō
Adverbial	非常に	ひじょうに	hijō ni
Degree	非常さ	ひじょうさ	hijōsa

Noun

非(ひ)常(じょう) • (hijō)

emergency

Derived terms

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
非	常

Noun

非常 • (bisang) (hangeul 비상)

hanja form^? of 비상 (“emergency”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
非	常

Adjective

非常

chữ Hán form of phi thường (“extraordinary”).

Chinese

Pronunciation

Adverb

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

Adjective

Synonyms

Descendants

Japanese

Adjective

Inflection

Noun

Derived terms

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Adjective