犬

犬 U+72AC, 犬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AC ← 犫 [U+72AB] CJK Unified Ideographs 犭 → [U+72AD]

⽝ U+2F5D, ⽝ KANGXI RADICAL DOG ← ⽜ [U+2F5C] Kangxi Radicals ⽞ → [U+2F5E]

Stroke order

• 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are 3-stroke forms from 4-stroke characters.

犬 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 4303₀, composition ⿺大丶)

1. Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.

• Appendix:Chinese radical/犬
• 伏, 吠, 𡉩, 𫰋, 𢗗, 㧋, 汱, 迖, 𣅤, 枤, 𤘲, 㺴, 肰, 𤯂, 畎, 𮉿, 紎, 𦨚, 𡌤, 𧿡, 䣭, 𤱶, 𮡧, 𮣺, 𭪝, 𩎓, 𩖮, 𬙠, 䭾, 𩫈, 𩵥, 𩿁, 默(黙), 鼣, 𫜤
• 𩿛, 𩡷, 宊, 𦬫, 戾, 𦊅, 突, 哭, 类, 𥬇, 臭, 𦬦, 𩬇, 𧱾, 厌, 𤴻, 𪊏, 𬮇(𬮝)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 705, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
• Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
• Unihan data for U+72AC

simp. and trad.		犬

Pictogram (象形) – the side view of a dog.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”), Burmese ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”).

This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Eastern Min, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

犬

1. (formal or in compounds or Eastern Min, Waxiang, dialectal Wu) dog

   警犬  ―  jǐngquǎn  ―  police dog

   • 效馬效羊者右牽之；效犬者左牽之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     效马效羊者右牵之；效犬者左牵之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Xiào mǎ xiào yáng zhě yòu qiān zhī; xiào quǎn zhě zuǒ qiān zhī. [Pinyin]

     He who is presenting a horse or a sheep should lead it with his right hand. He who is presenting a dog should lead it with his left hand.

• Bai: *qʰuaŋ²

• “犬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

• Victor Mair, "Of dogs and Old Sinitic reconstructions" on Language Log (March 7, 2018)

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

1. a dog
2. the dog radical (いぬ)

• Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kun: いぬ (inu, 犬, Jōyō)

Kanji in this term
犬
いぬ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
狗

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *enu. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu < wenu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

• (Tokyo) いぬ [ìnúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [inɯ̟]

• Audio:

  (file)

犬(いぬ) or 犬(イヌ) • (inu)  (counter 匹)

1. dog, canine

   犬(いぬ)に毎(まい)日(にち)餌(えさ)を上(あ)げて下(くだ)さい。

   Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.

   Please feed the dog every day.

2. servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)

   会(かい)長(ちょう)の犬(いぬ)

   kaichō no inu

   a servant of the president

3. spy

   敵(てき)軍(ぐん)の犬(いぬ)

   tekigun no inu

   a spy of the hostile army

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イヌ.

• (servant, spy): 走(そう)狗(く) (sōku), 手(て)先(さき) (tesaki)

• → Yami: ino

From Middle Chinese 犬 (MC khwenX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄏᆑᆫ〯 (Yale: khyyěn)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	가히〮 (Yale: kàhí)	견〯 (Yale: kyěn)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹n]
• Phonetic hangul: [견]

Wikisource

犬 (eumhun 개 견 (gae gyeon))

1. hanja form^? of 견 (“dog”) [noun; affix]

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: いん (in, 犬)

Kanji in this term
犬
いん Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

• IPA^(key): [ʔiŋ̍]

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog (Canis familiaris); domestic dog

• “いん【犬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog

犬: Hán Việt readings: khuyển^[1][2]
犬: Nôm readings: khuyển^[1][3][4], chó^[2]

1. Nôm form of chó (“dog”).