汗

汗	U+6C57, 汗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C57

Translingual

Han character

汗 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水一十 (EMJ), four-corner 3114₀, composition ⿰氵干)

Derived characters

𠱢, 𭎚, 𣆙, 𡊺

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 605, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17130
Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1550, character 6
Unihan data for U+6C57

Chinese

simp. and trad.		汗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
訐	krads, krads, ked, kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	kaːn, ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	kaːn, ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	kaːn, ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	kaːnʔ, kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	kaːns, ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	kʰaːn, kʰaːns, kreːn, kan
衎	kʰaːnʔ, kʰaːns
犴	ŋaːn, ŋaːns
豻	ŋaːn, ŋaːns, ɦŋaːns, ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	ŋaːns, hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	qʰaːn, ɢaːns
罕	qʰaːnʔ, qʰaːns
焊	qʰaːnʔ, ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	ɡaːns, kʰraːn
捍	ɡaːns, ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	ɡan, ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns) : semantic 水 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-(k/ŋ)rul (“sweat”). Compare Tibetan རྔུལ (rngul, “sweat”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хан (han, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hon⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hon⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): hon⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hon

(Hailu, HRS): hon^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): hon⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): han³
Northern Min (KCR): gūing
Eastern Min (BUC): gâng / hâng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kōaⁿ / hān

(Teochew, Peng'im): guan⁷ / hang²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ghoe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): han⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
  - Wade–Giles: han⁴
  - Yale: hàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: han⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хан (han, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xæ̃⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hon⁶
  - Yale: hohn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hon⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hon⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔn³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: hon⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hon
  - Hakka Romanization System: hon
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hon⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hon^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /hon³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hɔn⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: han³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xæ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gūing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gâng / hâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ²⁴²/, /hɑŋ²⁴²/

Note:

gâng - vernacular;
hâng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kōaⁿ / hān
  - Tâi-lô: kuānn / hān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoa, han
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuã²²/, /han²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã⁴¹/, /han⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã²²/, /han²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuã³³/, /han³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã³³/, /han³³/

Note:

kōaⁿ - vernacular;
hān - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: guan⁷ / hang²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuāⁿ / háng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kũã¹¹/, /haŋ⁵²/

Note:

guan7 - vernacular;
hang2 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ghoe
  - MiniDict: ghoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦø²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: han⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan²¹/

Middle Chinese: hanH

Rime
Character	汗
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	侯旰切
Baxter	hanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦan^H/
Li Rong	/ɣɑn^H/
Wang Li	/ɣɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤa[r]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	汗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hàn
Middle Chinese	‹ han^H ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁa[r]-s/
English	sweat (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	汗
Reading #	3/3
No.	3616
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	翰
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːns/

Definitions

汗

sweat; perspiration (Classifier: 滴 m c)
我正流著汗。／我正流着汗。 ― Wǒ zhèng liú zhe hàn. ― I'm dripping with sweat.

出了一頭大汗／出了一头大汗 ― chū le yī tóu dà hàn ― to sweat so much that the head is drenched

他去跑步流了一身汗。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Tā qù pǎobù liú le yī shēn hàn. [Pinyin]
He is drenched in sweat after running.
(literary, or in compounds) to sweat; to perspire
(literary) condensation on bamboo when put over fire
Used in 汗漫.
(Internet slang) Word used to express embarrassment, speechlessness or helplessness.
a surname: Han

Synonyms

(perspiration): 汗水 (hànshuǐ)
(to sweat):

edit

冒汗 (màohàn)
出汗 (chūhàn)
排汗 (páihàn)
標汗／标汗 (biu¹ hon⁶) (Cantonese)
流汗 (liúhàn)
發汗／发汗 (fāhàn)

Compounds

Descendants

→ Zhuang: hanh

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hán (han²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hon⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hon³
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hon²
Eastern Min (BUC): háng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hân

(Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hán
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hán
  - Wade–Giles: han²
  - Yale: hán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harn
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hon⁴
  - Yale: hòhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hon⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔn²²/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hon²
  - Sinological IPA: /hɔn¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: háng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɑŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hân
  - Tâi-lô: hân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /han²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /han²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /han¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /han²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: han

Rime
Character	汗
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡安切
Baxter	han
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦan/
Li Rong	/ɣɑn/
Wang Li	/ɣɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	汗
Reading #	2/3
No.	3612
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	寒
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːn/

Definitions

汗

Short for 可汗 (kèhán).
蒙古大汗 ― Ménggǔ dàhàn ― Mongol Khagan
a surname: Han

Compounds

伊兒汗國／伊儿汗国 (Yī'ér Hánguó)
克汗
可汗 (kèhán)
天可汗 (Tiān Kèhán)
成吉思汗 (Chéngjísīhán)
欽察汗國／钦察汗国 (Qīnchá Hánguó)
汗國／汗国 (hánguó)
阿拉木汗

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gan
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹
  - Yale: gān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
  - Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kan

Rime
Character	汗
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古寒切
Baxter	kan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kan/
Li Rong	/kɑn/
Wang Li	/kɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gon¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kaːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	汗
Reading #	1/3
No.	3573
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	干
Old Chinese	/*kaːn/

Definitions

汗

Only used in 餘汗／馀汗.

Japanese

Kanji

汗

(Jōyō kanji)

sweat

Readings

Go-on: がん (gan)
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
Kun: あせ (ase, 汗, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *asya.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) あせ [áꜜsè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[1]
IPA^(key): [a̠se̞]

(Kyoto) あせぇ [àsê] (Teiki)^[3]^[1]

Noun

汗(あせ) • (ase)

sweat

Derived terms

汗(あせ)をかく (ase o kaku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
汗
かん Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 汗 (MC han|kan|hanH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[5]^[4]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

汗(かん) • (kan)

sweat

Noun

汗(かん) • (kan)

Synonym of ハン (han): khan

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “あせ【汗】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
^ “かん【汗】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

汗 (eum 한 (han))

(땀 한, ttam-): sweat
(물 질펀할 한, mul-jilpeonhal-): flood
(되 임금 한, doe-imgeum-): khan

Synonyms

單 (선, seon) Xiongnu king
單于 (선우, seon-u) Xiongnu king

Compounds

可汗 (가한, gahan) khagan, khan of khans

Okinawan

Kanji

汗

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Kun: あし (ashi, 汗)

Noun

汗(あし) (ashi)

sweat

Vietnamese

Han character

汗: Hán Nôm readings: cạn, hãn, khan

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NKD2O_ase-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “あせ【汗】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[SMK2-2] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

[3] Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

[NKD2O_kan-4] “かん【汗】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[DJR-5] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[2]

[1]

[3]

[5]

[4]

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Affix

Noun

References

Korean

Hanja

Synonyms

Compounds

See also

Okinawan

Kanji

Readings

Noun

Vietnamese

Han character