服

服	U+670D, 服 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-670D

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

服 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月尸中水 (BSLE), four-corner 7724₇, composition ⿰月𠬝)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 505, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14345
Dae Jaweon: page 883, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2053, character 7
Unihan data for U+670D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		服
alternative forms		𦨈𠬝𣍞𦨕𨈞𦨈𠬝𣍞𦨕𨈞𦩟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 服
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (服) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
菔	bɯːɡ, bɯɡ
服	*bɯɡ
鵩	*bɯɡ
箙	*bɯɡ
棴	bɯɡ, smoːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯɡ) : semantic 凡 (“tray”) + phonetic 𠬝 (*[b]ək, “to subdue”) – to serve. 凡 here has been corrupted into 舟 and subsequently 月.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fú, fù (fu², fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ, ㄈㄨˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fuk⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fuuk⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): fuh⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fu̍k

(Meixian, Guangdong): fug⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): feh⁵
Northern Min (KCR): hū / hŭ
Eastern Min (BUC): hŭk / hók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸voq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fú
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fú
  - Wade–Giles: fu²
  - Yale: fú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/

Note:

fú - usual pronunciation;
fù - only in the sense “dose”.

(Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fu²
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹/

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fuk⁶
  - Yale: fuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fuuk⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɵk̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fuh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuʔ²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fʊk̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: feh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəʔ⁵⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hū / hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/, /xu²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭk / hók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huʔ⁵/, /houʔ²⁴/

Note:

hŭk - literary;
hók - vernacular (“dose”).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴/

Note:

“clothes; to serve; to submit; classifier”.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hog⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸voq
  - MiniDict: voh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵voq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /voʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 服
Mandarin	Beijing	/fu³⁵/
	Harbin	/fu²⁴/
	Tianjin	/fu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/fu⁴²/
	Qingdao	/fu⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/fu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/fu²⁴/
	Xining	/fv̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/fu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/fu⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/fu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/fu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/fu³¹/
	Guiyang	/fu²¹/
	Kunming	/fu³¹/
	Nanjing	/fuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/fəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/xuʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/fəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/voʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/voʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/voʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/fu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/fu²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/fu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/fu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɸu²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/fuʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/fuk̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fok̚²/
	Nanning	/fuk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/fuk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xu⁴⁴/ 舒～ /xu²⁴/ ～從
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hok̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/fok̚³/

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

Rime
Character	服
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房六切
Baxter	bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək/, /*[b]əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	服	服	服	服
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú	fú	fú	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ bjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ək/	/*[b]ək/	/*[b]ək/	/*[b]əʔ/
English	quiver (n.)	garment; wear (v.)	subdue, submit	box of a carriage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	服
Reading #	1/1
No.	3366
Phonetic component	服
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伏
Old Chinese	/*bɯɡ/

Definitions

服

^⁜ clothes; garment; dress
衣服 ― yīfú ― clothes

校服 ― xiàofú ― school uniform
mourning dress; mourning apparel
to wear; to put on (clothes)
to take; to eat
服藥／服药 ― fúyào ― to take medicine

服用 ― fúyòng ― to take medicine

服毒 ― fúdú ― to take poison

每日服三次。 ― Měirì fú sān cì. ― Take it three times a day.
to serve; to be engaged in
客服 ― kèfú ― customer service

服兵役 ― fú bīngyì ― to serve in the army

服刑 ― fúxíng ― to serve a sentence
to submit; to agree; to accept; to obey; to be convinced
不服 ― bùfú ― to refuse to accept
Used to express defeat even though one is not convinced of the opposing arguments
服了你了。 ― Fú le nǐ le. ― You win.

我真係服咗你。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我真系服咗你。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ zan¹ hai⁶ fuk⁶ zo² nei⁵. [Jyutping]
Come on, I surrender.
to convince; to persuade
to be accustomed to
(gaming) Short for 伺服器 (sìfúqì); server
(historical) inner pair of horses among the four that pull an imperial carriage
Classifier for doses for TCM regimens.
a surname: Fu

Synonyms

(to obey):

edit

依從／依从 (yīcóng)
就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
服從／服从 (fúcóng)
歸附／归附 (guīfù)
聽從／听从 (tīngcóng)
聽話／听话 (tīnghuà)
訓／训 (xùn) (literary)
賓服／宾服 (bīnfú) (literary)
隨／随 (suí)
順／顺 (shùn)
順從／顺从 (shùncóng)
順趁／顺趁 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (服):

→ Japanese: 服(ふく) (fuku)
→ Korean: 복(服) (bok)
→ Vietnamese: phục (服)

References

“服”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	服
Kyūjitai ^[1]	服󠄁 服+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	服󠄃 服+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

服

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

clothing
an amount equal to one swallow (act of swallowing), a gulp
obey

Readings

From Middle Chinese 服 (MC bjuwk); compare Mandarin 服 (fú, fù):

Go-on: ぶく (buku)
Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 服 (fù):

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: まつらう (matsurau, 服う)、まつろう (matsurou, 服う)^{←まつろふ (maturofu, 服ふ, historical)}
Nanori: こと (koto)、はつ (hatsu)、はとり (hatori)、はら (hara)、もと (moto)、ゆき (yuki)、よ (yo)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふく [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟kɯ̟]

Counter

服(ふく) • (-fuku)

an amount equal to one swallow:
1. doses of medicine
2. gulps of tea
3. puffs of tobacco

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1090 (paper), page 596 (digital)
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

服 (eumhun 옷 복 (ot bok))

hanja form^? of 복 (“clothes, clothing”)

Compounds

한복 (韓服, hanbok, “hanbok”)
제복 (制服, jebok, “uniform”)
양복 (洋服, yangbok, “suit”)
수영복 (水泳服, suyeongbok, “swimsuit”)
운동복 (運動服, undongbok, “sportswear”)

Vietnamese

Han character

服: Hán Nôm readings: phục^[1]

(only in compounds) clothing, clothes
to submit, to serve, to obey
to admire, to esteem

References

^ Trần (1999).

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1090 (paper), page 596 (digital)

[SMK7-2] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[Trần_(1999)-4] Trần (1999).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Pronunciation

Counter

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Suffix

References

Korean

Hanja

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

References