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See also:
U+6613, 易
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6613

[U+6612]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6614]
U+F9E0, 易
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E0

[U+F9DF]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9E1]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 72, +4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日心竹竹 (APHH), four-corner 60227, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 492, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13814
  • Dae Jaweon: page 854, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1494, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6613

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions: a pictogram (象形) of a filled container, the original form of (OC *sleːɡs, “to confer, to bestow”). Possibly specialised from (OC *qleɡ, “to increase, to add”). Perhaps borrowed phonetically to mean "easy".

The character is not the pictogram of a chameleon, as folk etymology says. Unrelated to since it doesn't represent the sun.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𠃓

From (OC *lal, “to change; to alter”) + k-extension (Schuessler, 2007). The meaning of "change, alter" is linked to "give, bestow" since something given by somebody to somebody else "changes" its owner.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ih7 - literary;
  • ia5 - colloquial (only as a surname or when referring to 易經).
Note:
  • e̍k/ia̍k - literary;
  • ia̍h - colloquial (only as a surname or when referring to 易經).
Note:
  • êg8 - literary;
  • iah8 - colloquial (only as a surname or when referring to 易經).

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (36)
Final () (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/jiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/iæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jiajk̚/
Li
Rong
/iɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/jĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jik6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ yek ›
Old
Chinese
/*lek/
English change; exchange

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 15034
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*leɡ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. Original form of (, “to give; to bestow”).
  2. to exchange; to interchange
  3. to change; to alter; to modify
  4. Short for 易經易经 (Yìjīng, “I Ching”).
  5. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • Thai: แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwa(ː)j (easy). Cognate with Burmese လွယ် (lwai, easy).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (36)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter yeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun
/jiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen
/jɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jiə̆H/
Li
Rong
/ieH/
Wang
Li
/jǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ yeH ›
Old
Chinese
/*lek-s/
English easy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 15029
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*leːɡs/

Definitions

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  1. easy; simple; not difficult
    Antonym:
  2. gentle; kind
  3. effortless; prone to
  4. easily; effortlessly
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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  • Vietnamese: dễ

Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Possibly from (OC *ɡʷeːds) (Li Ru-long, 2002).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Min) easy; not difficult
Synonyms
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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
えき
Grade: 5
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC yek).

The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(えき) (eki

  1. divination; fortune-telling
Synonyms
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Proper noun

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(えき) (Eki

  1. Short for 易経 (Ekikyō, I Ching (Chinese classic text)).

Affix

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(えき) (eki

  1. exchange
  2. divination; fortune-telling

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC yeH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (i

  1. something easy to do; easiness

Affix

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() (i

  1. easy; simple

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese (MC yek).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 역〮 (Yale: yék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 밧ᄭᅩᆯ〮 Recorded as Middle Korean (yek) (Yale: yek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 밧골 Recorded as Middle Korean (yek) (Yale: yek) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 바꿀 (bakkul yeok))

  1. hanja form? of (change; alteration; modification)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese (MC yeH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 잉〮 (Yale: í?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 쉬울[1] Recorded as Middle Korean (i) (Yale: i) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
  1. ^ 去聲

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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(eumhun 쉬울 (swiul i))

  1. hanja form? of (easy)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: dịch, dể, dễ, di, diệc, dẻ, dẹ, dị, dịu, rẻ, rể

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.