戡

戡	U+6221, 戡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6221

Translingual

Han character

戡 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿女戈 (TVI), four-corner 4375₀, composition ⿰甚戈)

Derived characters

𪭕, 𥖘

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 413, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11616
Dae Jaweon: page 756, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1408, character 11
Unihan data for U+6221

Chinese

trad.		戡
simp. ^#		戡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戡
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
湛	ʔl'uːm, r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	l̥ʰuːmʔ, l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	kʰluːm, ʔl'umʔ
嵁	kʰluːm, ŋɡluːm, ŋɡluːmʔ, sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	kʰluːmʔ, kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	ɡljumʔ, ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 戈 (“dagger-axe”)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kān (kan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kham

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kān
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kan
  - Wade–Giles: kʻan¹
  - Yale: kān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kan
  - Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ham¹
  - Yale: hām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kham
  - Tâi-lô: kham
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qafm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: khom

Rime
Character	戡
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	口含切
Baxter	khom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəm/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəm/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀm/
Wang Li	/kʰɒm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤ[ə]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kān
Middle Chinese	‹ khom ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁ[ə]m/
English	kill
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戡
Reading #	1/2
No.	11272
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	龕
Old Chinese	/*kʰluːm/

Definitions

戡

to subjugate; to subdue; to quell
alt. forms: 龕／龛 (kān)

Compounds

動員戡亂／动员戡乱
戡亂／戡乱 (kānluàn)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhěn (zhen³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhěn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhěn
  - Wade–Giles: chên³
  - Yale: jěn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeen
  - Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴/

Middle Chinese: trimX

Rime
Character	戡
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	張甚切
Baxter	trimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚim^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiem^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjim^X/
Li Rong	/ȶjəm^X/
Wang Li	/ȶĭĕm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯əm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhěn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'umʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戡
Reading #	2/2
No.	11286
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	戡
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'umʔ/

Definitions

戡

^‡ This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): zam³

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zam³
  - Yale: jam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm³³/

Definitions

戡

^† Alternative form of 揕 (zhèn)

References

“戡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

戡

(Hyōgai kanji)

victory

Readings

On (unclassified): かん (kan)、ちん (chin)
Kun: かつ (katsu)

Korean

Hanja

戡 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

Vietnamese

Han character

戡: Hán Nôm readings: kham

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation