復

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See also: 复 and 覆
復 U+5FA9, 復
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FA9
← 徨
[U+5FA8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 循 →
[U+5FAA]
復 U+F966, 復
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F966
← 便
[U+F965] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 不 →
[U+F967]

Translingual

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Han character

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復 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人日水 (HOOAE), four-corner 28247, composition ⿰彳复)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 369, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10183
  • Dae Jaweon: page 695, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 834, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5FA9

Chinese

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trad. 復
simp. 复*
alternative forms 伏

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 復
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎 *brɯɡ
鍑 *puɡs, *puɡ
覆 *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復 *buɡs, *buɡ
椱 *buɡs, *buɡ
複 *buɡs, *puɡ
馥 *brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹 *puɡ
輹 *puɡ, *buɡ
蝮 *pʰuɡ
蕧 *pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复 *buɡ
鰒 *buɡ
澓 *buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *buɡs, *buɡ) : semantic 彳 (“walk”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “repeat”).

Walk back and forth.

Etymology

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Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-p(j)up, whence Tibetan འབུབ་པ ('bub pa, “turned over or upside down”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *pup (“to turn over; to search for”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007).

Within Chinese, cognate with 複 (OC *puɡ, “lined (garment); double”), 覆 (OC *pʰuɡs, “to cover”), 覆 (OC *pʰuɡ, “to turn over”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Rime
Character 復
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房六切
Baxter bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/biuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭuk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fuk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 復
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-p(r)uk/
English return

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 復
Reading # 2/2
No. 3550
Phonetic
component 		复
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		伏
Old
Chinese 		/*buɡ/

Definitions

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復

  1. to return
  2. to recover; to resume
    康復／康复  ―  kāngfù  ―  to recover from an illness
    恢復／恢复  ―  huīfù  ―  to return or restore to a former state
  3. to revenge; to avenge
    復仇／复仇  ―  fùchóu  ―  to avenge
  4. to reply
    alt. forms: 覆 (fù)
  5. 24th hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note: fau6 - literary.
Rime
Character 復
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 扶富切
Baxter bjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buwH/
Li
Rong 		/biuH/
Wang
Li 		/bĭəuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 復
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[N]-pruk-s/
English again

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 復
Reading # 1/2
No. 3537
Phonetic
component 		复
Rime
group 		奧
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		復
Old
Chinese 		/*buɡs/

Definitions

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復

  1. (literary or Eastern Min) again
    復發／复发  ―  fùfā  ―  to relapse; to recur
    死灰復燃／死灰复燃  ―  sǐhuīfùrán  ―  to resurge (literally, “dead embers relight”)
    雨逿一匝復逿一匝 [Eastern Min, trad.]
    雨𰺲一匝复𰺲一匝 [Eastern Min, simp.]
    From: 2002, 李榮 (Li Rong), chief editor, 《現代漢語方言大詞典》 [Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects], Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN, page 890
    huô dâung siŏh cák bô dâung siŏh cák / [huɔ²⁴² tɑuŋ²⁴² suoʔ⁵ t͡sɑʔ²⁴ pou²⁴² tɑuŋ²⁴² suoʔ⁵ t͡sɑʔ²⁴] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
    It rains again and again

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 又 (“again; once more”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 又
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 又
Taiwan 又
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 又
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 又
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 又
Wuhan 又
Guilin 又
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 又
Hefei 又
Cantonese Guangzhou 又, 又試
Hong Kong 又, 又試
Yangjiang 又
Gan Nanchang 又
Hakka Meixian 又
Jin Taiyuan 又
Northern Min Jian'ou 又, 已
Eastern Min Fuzhou 復
Southern Min Xiamen 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
Quanzhou 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
Zhangzhou 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
Taipei 閣 GT, 閣再 GT, 又閣 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) 閣, 閣再, 又閣
Manila (Hokkien) 閣, 閣再
Chaozhou 又, 又再
Shantou 又
Wu Shanghai 再, 又
Suzhou 亦
Wenzhou 亦
Xiang Changsha 又
Shuangfeng 又
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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復

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. restore
  2. return to
  3. revert
  4. resume

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぶく (buku)
  • Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かえる (kaeru, 復る)、かえす (kaesu, 復す)、また (mata, 復)

Definitions

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Kanji in this term
復
また
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 復 – see the following entry.
【また】
[adverb] 又, 復: again, as well
[conjunction] and, also
Alternative spellings
又, 亦, 也
(This term, 復, is an alternative spelling (literary) of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 復 (MC bjuwk).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뽁〮 (Yale: ppwók)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 도로 (Yale: twolwo) 복 (Yale: pwok)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

復 (eumhun 돌아올 복 (doraol bok))

  1. hanja form? of 복 (“return”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 復 (MC bjuwH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뿌ᇢ〮 (Yale: ppwúw)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 다시 (Yale: tasi) 부 (Yale: pwu)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [부(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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復 (eumhun 다시 부 (dasi bu))

  1. hanja form? of 부 (“again”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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復: Hán Nôm readings: phục, phức, Phục

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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