匹夫

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Chinese

		(measure word for horses, mules, a bolt of cloth); ordinary person; mate (measure word for horses, mules, a bolt of cloth); ordinary person; mate; one of a pair	husband; man
trad. (匹夫)		匹	夫
simp. ^#(匹夫)		匹	夫

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pǐfū

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˇ ㄈㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pat¹ fu¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phit-hu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pǐfū
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˇ ㄈㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pǐfu
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi³-fu¹
  - Yale: pǐ-fū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: piifu
  - Palladius: пифу (pifu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pat¹ fu¹
  - Yale: pāt fū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pat⁷ fu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ped¹ fu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐt̚⁵ fuː⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phit-hu
  - Tâi-lô: phit-hu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phithw
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ hu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰit̚³²⁻⁵ hu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰit̚³²⁻⁴ hu⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: phjit pju

Rime
Character	匹	夫
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	質 (48)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	譬吉切	甫無切
Baxter	phjit	pju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰiɪt̚/	/pɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰit̚/	/pio/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰjet̚/	/pio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰit̚/	/puə̆/
Li Rong	/pʰiĕt̚/	/pio/
Wang Li	/pʰĭĕt̚/	/pĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰi̯ĕt̚/	/pi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pi	fū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pat¹	fu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰi[t] p(r)a/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰid pa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	匹	夫
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pǐ	fū
Middle Chinese	‹ phjit ›	‹ pju ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰi[t]/	/*p(r)a/
English	one of a pair	man
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匹	夫
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	9737	3274
Phonetic component	匹	夫
Rime group	質	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	匹	跗
Old Chinese	/*pʰid/	/*pa/

Noun

匹夫

(literary) ordinary man
(literary) the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens
(literary) ordinary person; unexceptional individual
(literary) autocrat
(literary, derogatory) ignorant person

Synonyms

(common people):

一般人 (yībānrén)
世人 (shìrén)
世間人／世间人 (Hokkien)
人士 (rénshì) (literary)
人民 (rénmín)
人群 (rénqún)
人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
俗人 (súrén)
俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
𫣆人 (Hakka)
兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng)
凡人 (fánrén)
凡夫 (fánfū) (literary)
四眾人／四众人 (si³ zing³ nang⁵) (Teochew)
士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
大眾／大众 (dàzhòng)
子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
家人 (jiārén) (archaic)
布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
常人 (chángrén)
平人 (píngrén) (literary)
平常人 (píngchángrén)
平民 (píngmín)
庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
民人 (mínrén) (literary)
民眾／民众 (mínzhòng)
烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
烝黎 (zhēnglí) (Classical Chinese)
白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
百姓
眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)
群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng)
老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
良人 (liángrén) (literary)
草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
草菅 (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative)
草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
萌 (literary)
野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
黎民 (límín) (literary)
黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)
黔黎 (archaic)

Derived terms

匹夫之勇 (pǐfūzhīyǒng)
天下興亡，匹夫有責／天下兴亡，匹夫有责 (tiānxià xīngwáng, pǐfū yǒuzé)

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