Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrukkijaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *trewk-;[1] cognates outside of Germanic include Welsh trychu (“to cut”), Lithuanian trū́kti (“to tear into pieces, burst”), trùkti (“to last, continue”).[2] Other theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, bore, twist”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Has been suggested as the origin of Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre, but this appears unlikely.[3]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈθruk.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

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*þrukkijaną

  1. to press on
  2. to crowd

Inflection

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Conjugation of *þrukkijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þrukkijō *þrukkijaų — *þrukkijai ?
2nd singular *þrukkīsi *þrukkijais *þrukkī *þrukkijasai *þrukkijaisau
3rd singular *þrukkīþi *þrukkijai *þrukkijaþau *þrukkijaþai *þrukkijaiþau
1st dual *þrukkijōs *þrukkijaiw — — —
2nd dual *þrukkijaþiz *þrukkijaiþiz *þrukkijaþiz — —
1st plural *þrukkijamaz *þrukkijaim — *þrukkijanþai *þrukkijainþau
2nd plural *þrukkīþ *þrukkijaiþ *þrukkīþ *þrukkijanþai *þrukkijainþau
3rd plural *þrukkijanþi *þrukkijain *þrukkijanþau *þrukkijanþai *þrukkijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þrukkidǭ *þrukkidēdį̄
2nd singular *þrukkidēz *þrukkidēdīz
3rd singular *þrukkidē *þrukkidēdī
1st dual *þrukkidēdū *þrukkidēdīw
2nd dual *þrukkidēdudiz *þrukkidēdīdiz
1st plural *þrukkidēdum *þrukkidēdīm
2nd plural *þrukkidēdud *þrukkidēdīd
3rd plural *þrukkidēdun *þrukkidēdīn
present past
participles *þrukkijandz *þrukkidaz

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “tráukyti”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego‎[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 683
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þrukkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 427
  3. ^ “truc”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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