建

建	U+5EFA, 建 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EFA

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

建 (Kangxi radical 54, 廴+6, 8 (Mainland), 9 (Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan) strokes, cangjie input 弓大中手 (NKLQ), four-corner 1540₀, composition ⿺廴聿)

Derived characters

健, 𠸻, 𫮑, 𡞹, 徤, 揵, 湕, 𭸠, 𨺩, 旔, 𪰷, 楗, 毽, 煡, 犍, 𤧣, 腱, 睷, 𥍹, 𮀴, 𫁀, 䊕, 𦂩, 𦞘, 踺, 鍵(键), 鞬, 䭈, 騝(𩨃), 𫘳, 𩱃, 鰎, 𪑼
𫸕, 𡩌, 𡺅, 𥯦, 㯬, 𢉆, 𨵭

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 353, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9574
Dae Jaweon: page 667, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 404, character 10
Unihan data for U+5EFA

Chinese

simp. and trad.		建
2nd round simp.		迠
alternative forms		䢖㨴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 建
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (建) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
犍	ɡran, kan
騝	ɡran, kan
鍵	ɡran, ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ
揵	ɡran, kanʔ
鞬	*kan
腱	kan, ɡans
湕	*kanʔ
建	*kans
旔	*kans
楗	*ɡanʔ
健	*ɡans

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 廴 + 聿. The left component was originally written as ∟.

Originally, a pictogram (象形) — a hand planting a pole into a base (Ji Xusheng, 2004).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gin³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gen⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kien / kian

(Meixian, Guangdong): gian⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): gióng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): giêng⁶ / giang⁶ / giêng³ / giang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ci

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gin³
  - Yale: gin
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ken³²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kian
  - Hakka Romanization System: gian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kian⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyɔŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn
  - Tâi-lô: kiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiexn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giêng⁶ / giang⁶ / giêng³ / giang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiĕng / kiăng / kièng / kiàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieŋ³⁵/, /kiaŋ³⁵/, /kieŋ²¹³/, /kiaŋ²¹³/

Note:

giêng3 - Chaozhou, used in 福建;
giang3 - Shantou, used in 福建;
giêng6 - Chaozhou;
giang6 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ci
  - MiniDict: ci^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kjonH

Rime
Character	建
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居万切
Baxter	kjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨan^H/
Li Rong	/kiɐn^H/
Wang Li	/kĭɐn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]a[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	建
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kjon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]a[n]-s/
English	set up, establish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	建
Reading #	1/1
No.	6220
Phonetic component	建
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	建
Old Chinese	/*kans/

Definitions

建

to build; to construct; to erect
to establish; to found
to propose; to suggest

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	蓋
	Taiwan	蓋
	Harbin	蓋
	Singapore	建
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	蓋
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	蓋
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	蓋
	Xi'an	蓋
	Xining	蓋
	Xuzhou	起
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	蓋
	Lanzhou	蓋
	Ürümqi	蓋, 起
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	修, 起
	Guiyang	起, 修
	Liuzhou	起
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	蓋, 造
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蓋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	起
	Hong Kong	起
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	起
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	起
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	起
	Taishan	起
	Dongguan	起
	Rongxian	起
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	起
	Hepu (Shatian)	做
	Guiping	起
	Guiping (Mule)	起, 整
	Pingnan	起
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	起
	Guigang (Pingdong)	起
	Beihai	起
	Beihai (Nankang)	起
	Beihai (Yingpan)	起
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	起, 做
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	起
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	做
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	起, 搭
	Singapore (Guangfu)	起
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	起
	Móng Cái	起
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	起
	Betong (Rongxian)	起
Gan	Nanchang	起
	Lichuan	做
	Pingxiang	起
Hakka	Meixian	起, 做
	Yudu	做
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	起
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	起
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	起
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	起
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	起
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	起
	Hong Kong	起
	Senai (Huiyang)	起
Huizhou	Jixi	起
Jin	Taiyuan	蓋
Jin	Xinzhou	蓋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	開
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	起
Eastern Min	Matsu	起
Southern Min	Xiamen	起
	Quanzhou	起
	Zhangzhou	起
	Tainan	起
	Singapore (Hokkien)	起
	Chaozhou	起
	Shantou	起
	Jieyang	起
	Bangkok (Teochew)	起
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	起
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	起
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	起
	Singapore (Teochew)	起
	Leizhou	作
	Haikou	作
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	起
Wu	Shanghai	造
	Shanghai (Chongming)	造, 起
	Suzhou	造
	Danyang	砌
	Hangzhou	造
	Ningbo	起
	Jinhua	起
Xiang	Changsha	起
Xiang	Loudi	起

Compounds

五大建設／五大建设
交通建設／交通建设
修建 (xiūjiàn)
公共建設／公共建设
創建／创建 (chuàngjiàn)
十大建設／十大建设
國家建設／国家建设 (guójiā jiànshè)
國建／国建 (guójiàn)
基層建設／基层建设
增建
大建 (dàjiàn)
太建
夯土建築／夯土建筑
子建
實質違建／实质违建
封建 (fēngjiàn)
封建制度 (fēngjiàn zhìdù)
封建思想
封建社會／封建社会 (fēngjiàn shèhuì)
小建 (xiǎojiàn)
屋上建瓴 (wūshàngjiànlíng)
希臘建築／希腊建筑
常建
建交 (jiànjiāo)
建制 (jiànzhì)
建功
建功立事
建功立業／建功立业
建南 (Jiànnán)
建商
建國／建国 (jiànguó)
建國大綱／建国大纲
建國方略／建国方略
建地
建坊
建坪 (Jiànpíng)
建始 (Jiànshǐ)
建安 (Jiàn'ān)
建安七子
建安文學／建安文学
建安風骨／建安风骨
建安體／建安体
建寅
建屋
建康 (Jiànkāng)
建德 (jiàndé)
建政 (jiànzhèng)
建教合作
建新 (Jiànxīn)
建木
建材 (jiàncái)
建東／建东 (Jiàndōng)
建業／建业 (Jiànyè)
建極／建极
建構／建构 (jiàngòu)
建樹／建树 (jiànshù)
建檔／建档 (jiàndàng)
建漆
建照
建物 (jiànwù)
建瓴
建瓴高屋 (jiànlínggāowū)
建甌／建瓯 (Jiàn'ōu)
建白
建窯／建窑
建立 (jiànlì)
建管處／建管处
建築／建筑 (jiànzhù)
建築執照／建筑执照
建築學／建筑学 (jiànzhùxué)
建築工程／建筑工程
建築師／建筑师 (jiànzhùshī)
建築材料／建筑材料 (jiànzhù cáiliào)
建築業／建筑业 (jiànzhùyè)
建築法規／建筑法规
建築物／建筑物 (jiànzhùwù)
建置 (jiànzhì)
建蔽率
建蘭／建兰 (jiànlán)
建言 (jiànyán)
建設／建设 (jiànshè)
建設公債／建设公债
建設局／建设局
建設廳／建设厅
建設性／建设性 (jiànshèxìng)
建議／建议 (jiànyì)
建議案／建议案
建軍／建军 (jiànjūn)
建造 (jiànzào)
建都 (jiàndū)
建醮
建章 (jiànzhāng)
建黨／建党 (jiàndǎng)
復建／复建 (Fùjiàn)
心理建設／心理建设
才過子建／才过子建
搭建 (dājiàn)
擴建／扩建 (kuòjiàn)
改建 (gǎijiàn)
政治建設／政治建设
啟建／启建
整建
文建會／文建会
新建 (xīnjiàn)
月建
構建／构建 (gòujiàn)
海建 (Hǎijiàn)
營建／营建 (yíngjiàn)
營建業／营建业
物質建設／物质建设
現代建築／现代建筑
省政建設／省政建设
砌塊建築／砌块建筑
破竹建瓴
社會建設／社会建设
禁建
福建 (Fújiàn)
程序違建／程序违建
籌建／筹建 (chóujiàn)
組建／组建 (zǔjiàn)
經建／经建 (jīngjiàn)
經濟建設／经济建设
羅馬建築／罗马建筑
興建／兴建 (xīngjiàn)
違建／违建 (wéijiàn)
違章建築／违章建筑
重建 (chóngjiàn)
闢建／辟建
防火建材
高屋建瓴 (gāowūjiànlíng)

Japanese

Kanji

建

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

build, establish, erect, found

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō ^†)
Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
Kun: たつ (tatsu, 建つ, Jōyō)、たてる (tateru, 建てる, Jōyō)、たけぶ (takebu, 建ぶ)

Compounds

Proper noun

建(けん) • (Ken)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

建 (eumhun 세울 건 (se'ul geon))

hanja form^? of 건 (“build; establish”)

Compounds

건물 (建物, geonmul)
건축 (建築, geonchuk)
건설 (建設, geonseol)
건의 (建議, geonui)
건조 (建造, geonjo)
건공 (建功, geon'gong)
건국 (建國, geon'guk)
건구 (建具, geon'gu)

Vietnamese

Han character

建: Hán Nôm readings: kiến

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