Inzondo ebhekiswe kwabathandana nobulili obufanayo

I-Homophobia ihlanganisa uhla lwezimo zengqondo nemizwa engemihle ngobutabane noma abantu abahlonzwa noma abathathwa njengabangqingili noma abathandana nobulili obufanayo . ^[1] ^[2]Lesisenzo sokuziphatha ngalendlela sesichazwe njenge-nzondo,nokwesaba kanti futhi abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu abakwenzayo kuhambiselana namasiko abo .Lesisenzo sokuziphatha ngalendlela sesibizwa nge-transphobia .

I-Homophobia ibonisa ukuziphatha okungekho emthethweni okubandakanya ukubukela phansi abanye abantu kanye nokuba nodlame olubhekiswe kwabathile.

Lesi sinciphiso magama esisetshenzisiwe lapha i-LGBT sisibonisa amagama ahlukahlukene achaza kabanzi ngaloluhlobo lokuziphatha kwabantu. 19,3 phesenti lyabantu asebebandakanyeka kulokhu kuthandana ngobuliili obufanayo e-United State." ^[3]Khona futhi e-United State uma kutholakala ukuthi uyabandakanyeka kulaba abahlukumeza labo abanobulili obufanayo wawuthweswa noma wawubekwa icala.

ukufunda ngemvelaphi yamagama

Nakuba izimo zengqondo zobulili zibuyela emuva eGreece Yasendulo - kusukela ngekhulu lesi-8 kuya kwelesi-6 BC kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi yasendulo ( c. 600 AD ) - izazi ziye zabizwa nge -homophobia, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukungabekezelelani kwabantu bobulili obufanayo kanye nongqingili okwakhula ngeNkathi Ephakathi, ikakhulukazi abalandeli benkolo yobuSulumane nobuKhrestu, leli gama ngokwalo lisha. ^[4]

Leli gama elisentshenziswa ukubiza laba athandana nobulili obufanayo laqhamuka nodokotela osebenza ngenqondo uGeorge Weinberg ngonyaka we-1960s. U-Weinberg nguyena owaba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa leligama.^[4] Igama elithi ukuzonda abantu bobulili obufanayo laqala ukuvela ephephandabeni elalishicilelwe ku magazini yaseMelika yezithombe ezingcolile zobulili, i- Screw, ka-May 23, 1969, lapho leli gama lalisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa ekwesabeni kwamadoda anobulili obuhlukile ukuthi abanye bangase bacabange ukuthi bayizitabane^[4]

EYurophu yasendulo, ubungqingili babubhekwa njengesodomy futhi bajeziswa ngokuthi babulawe. Ushushiso lwafinyelela umvuthwandaba phakathi nokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki Enkathini Ephakathi, lapho amahlelo amaCathar namaWaldens esolwa ngobufebe nobungqingili, kanye nokumangalelwa ngokukhulekelwa kukaSathane . Ngo-1307, ukumangalelwa kobulili obubili obufanayo nobungqingili kwakungamacala amakhulu abekwa ngesikhathi seTrial of the Knights Templar . Isazi semfundiso yenkolo uThomas Aquinas wayenogqozi ekuhlobaniseni ukulahlwa kobungqingili nombono womthetho wemvelo, ephikisa ngokuthi "izono ezikhethekile eziphambene nemvelo, isibonelo, lezo eziphikisana nobuhlobo bobulili bowesilisa nowesifazane ngokwemvelo ezilwaneni,kanti futhi kunjalo. ofaneleka ngokukhethekile njengezenzo ezimbi ezingezona ezemvelo."

Nakuba ubutabane kwamukelwa njengokuziphatha komuntu okuvamile eShayina Yasendulo, inzondo yabantu abathandana nabantu bobulili obufanayo yagxila ekupheleni kwe -Qing Dynasty kanye neRiphabhulikhi yaseShayina ngenxa yokusebenzelana neChristian West, ^[5] kanye nokuziphatha kobungqingili kwenqatshelwe ngo-1740 Ngesikhathi se- Cultural Revolution, ubungqingili baphathwa nguhulumeni ngokuthi "ihlazo emphakathini noma uhlobo lokugula ngokwenqondo", futhi abantu ababengongqingili babhekana nokushushiswa kabanzi. Nakuba ibingekho imithetho emelene ngqo nobungqingili, eminye imithetho yasetshenziswa ukushushisa abantu abathandana nobulili obufanayo futhi "babekwa amacala okuhlukumeza noma ukuphazamisa ukuhleleka komphakathi."

I-Soviet Union ngaphansi kuka-Vladimir Lenin yasusa ubungqingili ngo-1922, kudala ngaphambi kwamanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu. I- Soviet Communist Party yagunyaza ngokusemthethweni isehlukaniso esingenancazelo ezwakalayo, ukukhipha isisu kanye nobungqingili, lapho iqeda yonke imithetho ye -Tsarist endala kanye nekhodi yokuqala yobugebengu yaseSoviet yagcina lezi zinqubomgomo zobulili ezikhululekile endaweni. Ukukhululwa kukaLenin kwahoxiswa eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva nguJoseph Stalin futhi ubungqingili bahlala bungekho emthethweni ngaphansi kweSigaba 121 kwaze kwaba yisikhathi sikaYeltsin .

↑ . p. 198–199. Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ . p. 187–188. Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ "FBI Releases 2010 Hate Crime Statistics" (Press release). http://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2010-hate-crime-statistics. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Herek, Gregory M.. Beyond 'Homophobia': Thinking About Sexual Prejudice and Stigma in the Twenty-First Century. p. 6–24. Archived from the original on 2018-08-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20180827081720/http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/Herek_2004_SRSP.pdf. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
↑ Kang, Wenqing. Obsession: male same-sex relations in China, 1900–1950, Hong Kong University Press. Page 3

[Adams-1] . p. 198–199. Missing or empty |title= (help)

[Schuiling-2] . p. 187–188. Missing or empty |title= (help)

[3] "FBI Releases 2010 Hate Crime Statistics" (Press release). http://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2010-hate-crime-statistics. Retrieved 15 March 2022.

[Herek_2004-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Herek, Gregory M.. Beyond 'Homophobia': Thinking About Sexual Prejudice and Stigma in the Twenty-First Century. p. 6–24. Archived from the original on 2018-08-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20180827081720/http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/Herek_2004_SRSP.pdf. Retrieved 2023-03-23.

[Kang1-5] Kang, Wenqing. Obsession: male same-sex relations in China, 1900–1950, Hong Kong University Press. Page 3

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