Ganymede (oē-chheⁿ)

Ganymede
	Ganymede photographed by Juno in 2021
Hoat-kiàn
Hoat-kiàn-chiá	Galileo Galilei
Hoat-kiàn ji̍t-chí	January 7, 1610
Miâ-hō
Ho͘-im	/ˈɡænəˌmiːd/; GAN-ə-MEED
Hō-miâ iû-lâi	Γανυμήδης, Ganymēdēs
Pia̍t-miâ	Jupiter Pang-bô͘:Rn
Adjectives	Ganymedian,; Ganymedean (/ˌɡænəˈmiːdi.ən/)
Kúi-tō sèng-chit
Kīn-tiám	1069200 km
Hn̄g-tiám	1071600 km
Pòaⁿ-tn̂g chhia-sim	1070400 km
Lî-sim-lu̍t	0.0013
Kúi-tō chiu-kî	7.15455296 d
Pêng-kin kúi-tō sok-le̍k	10.880 km/s
Khi-pêng	2.214° (to the ecliptic); 0.20° (to Jupiter's equator)
Tò lia̍p chheⁿ ê ōe-cheⁿ	Jupiter
Bu̍t-lí sèn-chit
Pêng-kin poàn-kéng	2634.1±0.3 km (0.413 Earths)
Piáu-bīn-chek	8.72×107 km2 (0.171 Earths)
Thé-chek	7.66×1010 km3 (0.0704 Earths)
Chit-liōng	1.4819×1023 kg (0.025 Earths) (2.02 Moon's) (0.23 Mars')
Pêng-kin bi̍t-tō͘	1.936 g/cm3 (0.351 Earths)
Piáu-bīn tiōng-le̍k	1.428 m/s2 (0.146 g)
Koàn-sèng in-chú ê lêng-lu̍t	0.3115±0.0028
Thoat-cháu so̍k-tō͘	2.741 km/s
Rotation period	synchronous
Chhia-sim khi-pêng	0–0.33°
Hoán-siā-lu̍t	0.43±0.02
Bêng-hián-tō͘	4.61 (opposition); 4.38 (in 1951)
Kak-ti̍t-kèng	1.2 to 1.8 arcseconds
Tāi-khì-khoan
Piáu-bīn ap-le̍k	0.2–1.2 µPa (1.97×10−12–1.18×10−11 atm)
Thé-chek cho͘-sêng	mostly oxygen

Ganymede sī Bo̍k-chheⁿ 63-ê khak-tēng ê oē-chheⁿ chi it.

Tsù-kiok

↑ Periapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): $a\cdot (1-e)$ .
↑ Apoapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): $a\cdot (1+e)$ .
↑ Surface area derived from the radius (r): $4\pi r^{2}$ .
↑ Volume derived from the radius (r): $4\pi r^{3}/3$ .
↑ Surface gravity derived from the mass (m), the gravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): $Gm/r^{2}$ .
↑ Escape velocity derived from the mass (m), the gravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): $\textstyle {\sqrt {2Gm/r}}$ .

Tsù-kái

↑ Galilei, Galileo; translated by Edward Carlos (March 1610). Barker, Peter, pian. "Sidereus Nuncius" (PDF). University of Oklahoma History of Science. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī December 20, 2005 hőng khó͘-pih. January 13, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "In Depth | Ganymede". NASA Solar System Exploration. June 16, 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Ganymede". Oxford English Dictionary (Online pán.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
"Ganymede". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
↑ Quinn Passey & E. M. Shoemaker (1982) "Craters on Ganymede and Callisto", in David Morrison, ed., Satellites of Jupiter, vol. 3, International Astronomical Union, pp. 385–386, 411.
↑ Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95 (1990).
↑ E. M. Shoemaker et al. (1982) "Geology of Ganymede", in David Morrison, ed., Satellites of Jupiter, vol. 3, International Astronomical Union, pp. 464, 482, 496.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 "Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Showman, Adam P.; Malhotra, Renu (October 1, 1999). "The Galilean Satellites" (PDF). Science. 286 (5437): 77–84. doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.77. PMID 10506564. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2011-05-14 hőng khó͘-pih. 2023-01-10 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Schubert, G.; Anderson, J. D.; Spohn, T.; McKinnon, W. B. (2004). "Interior composition, structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites". Chū Bagenal, F.; Dowling, T. E.; McKinnon, W. B. Jupiter: the planet, satellites, and magnetosphere. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–306. ISBN 978-0521035453. OCLC 54081598.
↑ Bills, Bruce G. (2005). "Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter". Icarus. 175 (1): 233–247. Bibcode:2005Icar..175..233B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Yeomans, Donald K. (July 13, 2006). "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL Solar System Dynamics. November 5, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Yeomans; Chamberlin. "Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Ganymede (Major Body 503)". California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. April 14, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê. (4.38 on 1951-Oct-03).
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Delitsky, Mona L.; Lane, Arthur L. (1998). "Ice chemistry of Galilean satellites" (PDF). J. Geophys. Res. 103 (E13): 31,391–31,403. Bibcode:1998JGR...10331391D. doi:10.1029/1998JE900020. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī October 3, 2006 hőng khó͘-pih.
↑ Orton, G. S.; Spencer, G. R.; et al. (1996). "Galileo Photopolarimeter-radiometer observations of Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites". Science. 274 (5286): 389–391. Bibcode:1996Sci...274..389O. doi:10.1126/science.274.5286.389.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 Hall, D. T.; Feldman, P. D.; et al. (1998). "The Far-Ultraviolet Oxygen Airglow of Europa and Ganymede". The Astrophysical Journal. 499 (1): 475–481. Bibcode:1998ApJ...499..475H. doi:10.1086/305604.

Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

Dougherty; Grasset (2011). Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (PDF).
"Jupiter's Great Red Spot and Ganymede's shadow". www.spacetelescope.org. ESA/Hubble. goân-loē-iông tī 2019-08-24 hőng khó͘-pih. October 31, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.

Tsham-ua̍t

Oxford English Dictionary
Oxford University Press
Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: Ganymede (moon)

Ganymede page at NASA's Solar System Exploration site
Ganymede page at The Nine Planets
Ganymede page at Views of the Solar System
Ganymede Crater Database from the Lunar and Planetary Institute
Images of Ganymede at JPL's Planetary Photojournal
Movie of Ganymede's rotation from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Ganymede map from Scientific American article
Ganymede map with feature names from Planetary Photojournal
Ganymede nomenclature and Ganymede map with feature names from the USGS planetary nomenclature page
Paul Schenk's 3D images and flyover videos of Ganymede and other outer solar system satellites
Ganymede Orbiter Concept
Global Geologic Map of Ganymede (USGS)
Google Ganymede 3D, interactive map of the moon
Video (animation; 4:00): Flyby of Ganymede and Jupiter (NASA; July 15, 2021).

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

[periapsiscomment-7] Periapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): $a\cdot (1-e)$ .

[apoapsiscomment-8] Apoapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): $a\cdot (1+e)$ .

[surfaceareacomment-11] Surface area derived from the radius (r): $4\pi r^{2}$ .

[volumecomment-12] Volume derived from the radius (r): $4\pi r^{3}/3$ .

[surfacegravitycomment-13] Surface gravity derived from the mass (m), the gravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): $Gm/r^{2}$ .

[escapevelocitycomment-15] Escape velocity derived from the mass (m), the gravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): $\textstyle {\sqrt {2Gm/r}}$ .

[SidereusNuncius-1] Galilei, Galileo; translated by Edward Carlos (March 1610). Barker, Peter, pian. "Sidereus Nuncius" (PDF). University of Oklahoma History of Science. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī December 20, 2005 hőng khó͘-pih. January 13, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.

[NASA-2] "In Depth | Ganymede". NASA Solar System Exploration. June 16, 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.

[3] "Ganymede". Oxford English Dictionary (Online pán.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
"Ganymede". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

[4] Quinn Passey & E. M. Shoemaker (1982) "Craters on Ganymede and Callisto", in David Morrison, ed., Satellites of Jupiter, vol. 3, International Astronomical Union, pp. 385–386, 411.

[5] Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95 (1990).

[6] E. M. Shoemaker et al. (1982) "Geology of Ganymede", in David Morrison, ed., Satellites of Jupiter, vol. 3, International Astronomical Union, pp. 464, 482, 496.

[orbit-9] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 "Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.

[Showman1999-10] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Showman, Adam P.; Malhotra, Renu (October 1, 1999). "The Galilean Satellites" (PDF). Science. 286 (5437): 77–84. doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.77. PMID 10506564. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2011-05-14 hőng khó͘-pih. 2023-01-10 khòaⁿ--ê.

[Schubert2004-14] Schubert, G.; Anderson, J. D.; Spohn, T.; McKinnon, W. B. (2004). "Interior composition, structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites". Chū Bagenal, F.; Dowling, T. E.; McKinnon, W. B. Jupiter: the planet, satellites, and magnetosphere. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–306. ISBN 978-0521035453. OCLC 54081598.

[Bills2005-16] Bills, Bruce G. (2005). "Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter". Icarus. 175 (1): 233–247. Bibcode:2005Icar..175..233B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028.

[jplfact-17] 11.0 ^11.1 Yeomans, Donald K. (July 13, 2006). "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL Solar System Dynamics. November 5, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.

[horizons-18] Yeomans; Chamberlin. "Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Ganymede (Major Body 503)". California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. April 14, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê. (4.38 on 1951-Oct-03).

[Delitsky1998-19] 13.0 ^13.1 Delitsky, Mona L.; Lane, Arthur L. (1998). "Ice chemistry of Galilean satellites" (PDF). J. Geophys. Res. 103 (E13): 31,391–31,403. Bibcode:1998JGR...10331391D. doi:10.1029/1998JE900020. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī October 3, 2006 hőng khó͘-pih.

[Orton1996-20] Orton, G. S.; Spencer, G. R.; et al. (1996). "Galileo Photopolarimeter-radiometer observations of Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites". Science. 274 (5286): 389–391. Bibcode:1996Sci...274..389O. doi:10.1126/science.274.5286.389.

[Hall1998-21] 15.0 ^15.1 Hall, D. T.; Feldman, P. D.; et al. (1998). "The Far-Ultraviolet Oxygen Airglow of Europa and Ganymede". The Astrophysical Journal. 499 (1): 475–481. Bibcode:1998ApJ...499..475H. doi:10.1086/305604.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

[7]

[8]

[lower-alpha 3]

[lower-alpha 4]

[lower-alpha 5]

[9]

[lower-alpha 6]

[10]

[11]

[13]

[14]

[12]

[15]