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- Social emotions are emotions that depend upon the thoughts, feelings or actions of other people, "as experienced, recalled, anticipated or imagined at first hand". Examples are embarrassment, guilt, shame, jealousy, envy, elevation, empathy, and pride. In contrast, basic emotions such as happiness and sadness only require the awareness of one's own physical state. Therefore, the development of social emotions is tightly linked with the development of social cognition, the ability to imagine other people's mental states, which generally develops in adolescence. Studies have found that children as young as 2 to 3 years of age can express emotions resembling guilt and remorse. However, while five-year-old children are able to imagine situations in which basic emotions would be felt, the ability to describe situations in which social emotions might be experienced does not appear until seven years of age. People may not only share emotions with others, but may also experience similar physiological arousal to others if they feel a sense of social connectedness to the other person. A laboratory-based study by Cwir, Car, Walton, and Spencer (2011) showed that, when a participant felt a sense of social connectedness to a stranger (research confederate), the participant experienced similar emotional states and physiological responses to that of the stranger while observing the stranger perform a stressful task. Social emotions are sometimes called moral emotions, because they play an important role in morality and moral decision making. In neuroeconomics, the role social emotions play in game theory and economic decision-making is just starting to be investigated. (en)
- Emoções sociais são emoções que dependem de pensamentos, sentimentos ou ações de outras pessoas, "conforme experimentado, lembrado, antecipado ou imaginado em primeira mão". As emoções sociais às vezes são chamadas de emoções morais, porque desempenham um papel importante na moralidade e na tomada de decisões morais. Em neuroeconomia, o papel que as emoções sociais desempenham na teoria dos jogos e na tomada de decisões econômicas está apenas começando a ser investigado. (pt)
- 社会情绪（英語：Social emotions）指那些取決於其他人的思想、感情、行動的情绪 ，並且社會情緒是「個人經驗、預期、預想的前期第一手資料 」，常見的社會情緒包括：尴尬、內疚、羞恥、嫉妒、同情、骄傲等 。相比之下，幸福、悲伤這種個體自身能夠獨自產生而不用其他社會互動參與的基本情緒，就不是社會情緒。 因此，社会情绪的發展與個體的社會認知紧密相關，通常從青春期開始，人類開始有能力設想其他人的精神或心理状态 。過去的研究发现，儿童大概在2至3歲，就可以開始表达像内疚 和悔恨般的情感。而五岁的儿童能夠在當下的情况中預想可能會出現的基本情绪，但描述這種預想的能力在七岁以前可能不會出現。 人們不僅可以與他人分享情感，而且當他們感覺到與他人有社會聯繫感，也可能會經歷到一種與他人類似情感反應的生理喚醒。Cwir、Car、 Walton與Spencer的一个实验室研究表明，當參與者感覺到陌生人的社會聯繫感，其觀察陌生人執行壓力任務的時，會經歷與陌生人相似的情緒狀態和生理反應。 社会情绪有时被称作道德情感，因為其在道德和道义决策上发挥重要的作用。在神經經濟學的研究中，社會情緒對賽局理論和經濟決策的影響作用正開始起步。 (zh)
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- Emoções sociais são emoções que dependem de pensamentos, sentimentos ou ações de outras pessoas, "conforme experimentado, lembrado, antecipado ou imaginado em primeira mão". As emoções sociais às vezes são chamadas de emoções morais, porque desempenham um papel importante na moralidade e na tomada de decisões morais. Em neuroeconomia, o papel que as emoções sociais desempenham na teoria dos jogos e na tomada de decisões econômicas está apenas começando a ser investigado. (pt)
- 社会情绪（英語：Social emotions）指那些取決於其他人的思想、感情、行動的情绪 ，並且社會情緒是「個人經驗、預期、預想的前期第一手資料 」，常見的社會情緒包括：尴尬、內疚、羞恥、嫉妒、同情、骄傲等 。相比之下，幸福、悲伤這種個體自身能夠獨自產生而不用其他社會互動參與的基本情緒，就不是社會情緒。 因此，社会情绪的發展與個體的社會認知紧密相關，通常從青春期開始，人類開始有能力設想其他人的精神或心理状态 。過去的研究发现，儿童大概在2至3歲，就可以開始表达像内疚 和悔恨般的情感。而五岁的儿童能夠在當下的情况中預想可能會出現的基本情绪，但描述這種預想的能力在七岁以前可能不會出現。 人們不僅可以與他人分享情感，而且當他們感覺到與他人有社會聯繫感，也可能會經歷到一種與他人類似情感反應的生理喚醒。Cwir、Car、 Walton與Spencer的一个实验室研究表明，當參與者感覺到陌生人的社會聯繫感，其觀察陌生人執行壓力任務的時，會經歷與陌生人相似的情緒狀態和生理反應。 社会情绪有时被称作道德情感，因為其在道德和道义决策上发挥重要的作用。在神經經濟學的研究中，社會情緒對賽局理論和經濟決策的影響作用正開始起步。 (zh)
- Social emotions are emotions that depend upon the thoughts, feelings or actions of other people, "as experienced, recalled, anticipated or imagined at first hand". Examples are embarrassment, guilt, shame, jealousy, envy, elevation, empathy, and pride. In contrast, basic emotions such as happiness and sadness only require the awareness of one's own physical state. Therefore, the development of social emotions is tightly linked with the development of social cognition, the ability to imagine other people's mental states, which generally develops in adolescence. Studies have found that children as young as 2 to 3 years of age can express emotions resembling guilt and remorse. However, while five-year-old children are able to imagine situations in which basic emotions would be felt, the abili (en)
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- Social emotions (en)
- Emoções sociais (pt)
- 社會情緒 (zh)
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