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- The Legion of Ratu Adil, also known as Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (APRA) or the Just King Legion was a pro-Dutch militia and private army established during the Indonesian National Revolution. It was founded by the former KNIL Captain Raymond Westerling following his demobilisation on 15 January 1949. The militia's name was derived from a passage from the medieval Book of Prophecies of Joyo Boyo which prophesied the coming of a Ratu Adil or Just King/Queen who would be of Turkish descent and come to save the people of Java and establish universal peace and justice. With his mixed Turkish heritage in mind, Westerling used the myth of the Just King to create a following. Westerling claimed to be fighting to preserve the component states of the federal Republic of the United States of Indonesia against what he perceived as the Javanese-dominated unitary Republic of Indonesia led by Sukarno and Hatta. APRA was recruited from several anti-Republican factions including former Republican guerillas, Darul Islam, Ambonese, Malays, Minahasa, demobilised KNIL, Regiment Special Forces and Royal Netherlands Army personnel. By 1950, APRA had evolved from a series of rural self-defense units into a 2,000-strong fighting force. Unhappy with the growing influence of Sukarno's government, Westerling conspired with the federalist Sultan of Pontianak Hamid II to launch a coup in January 1950. On 23 January 1950, APRA launched a coup d’état against the Republican government. While the Legion managed to temporarily occupy Bandung, they failed to occupy Jakarta. Westerling had planned to overthrow the RUSI Cabinet and assassinate several prominent Republican figures including the Defense Minister Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Secretary-General Ali Sadikin. The coup's failure demoralized the Legion's belief in Westerling and he was forced to flee to Singapore. Without a strong leader, APRA had ceased to function by February 1950. APRA's actions led to the incarceration of Hamid II and accelerated the dissolution of the federal United States of Indonesia on 17 August 1950, turning Indonesia into a unitary state dominated by the central government in Jakarta. (en)
- Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (APRA) adalah milisi dan tentara swasta pro-Belanda yang didirikan pada masa Revolusi Nasional Indonesia. Milisi ini didirikan oleh mantan Kapten DST KNIL Raymond Westerling setelah demobilisasinya dari kesatuan Depot Speciale Troepen (depot pasukan khusus KNIL) pada tanggal 09 Januari 1949. Nama milisi ini berasal dari bagian dari kitab ramalan Jawa Kuno Ramalan Jayabaya yang meramalkan kedatangan seorang "Ratu Adil" yang merupakan keturunan Turki. Karena mempunyai warisan darah campuran Turki, Westerling memandang dirinya sebagai sang "Ratu Adil" yang diramalkan akan membebaskan rakyat Indonesia dari "tirani". Westerling berusaha untuk mempertahankan adanya negara-negara federal dalam Republik Indonesia Serikat melawan kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang dipimpin oleh Sukarno dan Hatta yang dianggapnya didominasi oleh orang Jawa. APRA direkrut dari 18 faksi anti-Republik yang beragam, termasuk personel mantan gerilyawan Republik, Darul Islam, Ambon, Melayu, Minahasa, KNIL yang telah didemobilisasi, Regiment Speciale Troepen (Resimen Pasukan Khusus KNIL), dan . Tahun 1950, APRA telah berevolusi dari serangkaian unit pertahanan diri pedesaan menjadi kekuatan tempur berjumlah 2.000 personel. (in)
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- Emblem of Legion of Ratu Adil (en)
- Flag of Legion of Ratu Adil (en)
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- Emblem of Legion of Ratu Adil.svg (en)
- Flag of Legion of Ratu Adil.svg (en)
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- The Legion of Ratu Adil, also known as Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (APRA) or the Just King Legion was a pro-Dutch militia and private army established during the Indonesian National Revolution. It was founded by the former KNIL Captain Raymond Westerling following his demobilisation on 15 January 1949. The militia's name was derived from a passage from the medieval Book of Prophecies of Joyo Boyo which prophesied the coming of a Ratu Adil or Just King/Queen who would be of Turkish descent and come to save the people of Java and establish universal peace and justice. With his mixed Turkish heritage in mind, Westerling used the myth of the Just King to create a following. (en)
- Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (APRA) adalah milisi dan tentara swasta pro-Belanda yang didirikan pada masa Revolusi Nasional Indonesia. Milisi ini didirikan oleh mantan Kapten DST KNIL Raymond Westerling setelah demobilisasinya dari kesatuan Depot Speciale Troepen (depot pasukan khusus KNIL) pada tanggal 09 Januari 1949. Nama milisi ini berasal dari bagian dari kitab ramalan Jawa Kuno Ramalan Jayabaya yang meramalkan kedatangan seorang "Ratu Adil" yang merupakan keturunan Turki. Karena mempunyai warisan darah campuran Turki, Westerling memandang dirinya sebagai sang "Ratu Adil" yang diramalkan akan membebaskan rakyat Indonesia dari "tirani". (in)
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- Legion of Ratu Adil (en)
- Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (in)
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