Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Jepang

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{{Kotakinfo Nagara
| native_name = {{lang|ja|日本国}}<br />''Nippon-koku''
| common_name = Japan
| conventional_long_name = Japan
| image_flag = Flag of Japan.svg
| image_coat = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
| symbol_type = Segel Kekaisaran
| image_map = Japan-location-cia.png
| national_anthem = {{nihongo|''[[Kimi ga Yo]]''|君が代|}}
| official_languages = Teu aya
<br />
[[Basa Jepang]] | languages_type = [[Basa Nasional]]
| languages = [[Basa Jepang]] (''[[de facto]])''{{smallsup|1}}
| demonym = Urang Jepang
| capital = [[Tokyo]]<sup>1</sup>
| latd=35 |latm=41 |latNS=N |longd=139 |longm=46 |longEW=E
| largest_city = [[Tokyo]]
| government_type = [[Nagara kahijian]] [[Sistim parleméntér]] [[Monarki konstitusional]]
| leader_title1 = [[Kaisar Jepang|Kaisar]]
| leader_name1 = [[Naruhito]] (徳仁)
| leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Jepang|Perdana Mentri]]
| leader_name2 = [[:en:Fumio Kishida|Fumio Kishida]] (岸田 文雄)
| area_rank = 62nd
| area_magnitude = 1 E11
| area_km2 = 377,975
| area_sq_mi = 145,883 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| percent_water = 1.4
| population_estimate = 125,360,000
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_estimate_rank = 11th
| population_census = 126,226,568
| population_census_year = 2020
| population_density_km2 = 334
| population_densitymi2 = 873 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_density_rank = 30th
| GDP_PPP_year = 2021
| GDP_PPP = $5.586 [[1000000000000 (number)|trillion]]<sup>2</sup>
| GDP_PPP_rank = 3rd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $44,585<sup>2</sup>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 27th
| GDP_nominal = $5.378 [[1000000000000 (number)|trillion]]<sup>2</sup>
| GDP_nominal_rank = 3rd
| GDP_nominal_year = 2021
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,928
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 23rd
| sovereignty_type = [[Sajarah Jepang]]
| established_event1 = [[National Foundation Day]]
| established_date1 = [[11 Pébruari]], 660&nbsp;[[Maséhi|SM]]<sup>3</sup>
| established_event2 = [[id:Konstitusi Meiji|Konstitusi Meiji]]
| established_date2 = [[29 Nopémber]] [[1890]]
| established_event3 = [[id:Konstitusi Jepang|Konstitusi Jepang]]
| established_date3 = [[3 Méi]] [[1947]]
| established_event4 = [[id:Perjanjian San Francisco|Perjangjian San Francisco]]
| established_date4 = <br />[[28 April]] [[1952]]
| HDI_year = 2007
| HDI = {{increase}} 0.953
| HDI_rank = 8th
| HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font>
| currency = [[Yen]] (¥)/円
<br />|currency_code = '''JPY'''
| country_code = JPN
| time_zone = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset = +9
| time_zone_DST = not observed
| utc_offset_DST =
| cctld = [[.jp]]
| calling_code = 81
| ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = JP
| ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = JPN
| ISO_3166-1_numeric = 392
| sport_code = JPN
| vehicle_code = J
| footnote1 = [[Yokohama]] is the largest incorporated city.
| footnote2 = {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html#Econ |title=World Factbook; Japan—Economy |publisher=[[CIA]] |date=[[2006-12-19]] |accessdate=2006-12-28 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010157/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html%20#Econ |date=2018-12-26 }}
| footnote3 = According to legend, Japan was founded on this date by the [[Emperor Jimmu]], first emperor of J apan; it is seen as largely symbolic.
}}
'''Jepang''' (''Nippon/Nihon'' 日本 {{Audio|ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg|déngékeun}} nyaéta salah sahiji [[nagara kapuloan]] di  [[Asia Wétan]]. Ayana di [[Samudra Pasifik]], wates beulah wetan [[Républik Rakyat Cina|Cina]], [[Koréa]] jeung [[Rusia]], sumebar ti mimiti [[Sea of Okhotsk|Laut Okhotsk]] di kaler nepi ka [[Laut Cina Wétan]] di kidul. [[Kanji]] nu nyieun [[Names of Japan|ngaran Jepang]] hartina "asal-panonpoé", ku sabab Jepang kadangkala dianggap sabagé "Taneuh tempat bijil panonpoé".

Jepang kasusun ku 3,000 pulo-pulo,<ref>{{cite web | title = ''Nihon Rettō'' | url = http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?enc=UTF-8&p=%E3%81%AB%E3%81%BB%E3%82%93%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86&dtype=0&stype=1&dname=0ss | publisher = [[Daijirin]] / Yahoo Japan dictionary | accessdate = 2007-05-07 | archiveurl = http://archive.is/vkiX | archivedate = 2012-05-23 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/20120523205056/dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?enc=UTF-8&p=%E3%81%AB%E3%81%BB%E3%82%93%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86&dtype=0&stype=1&dname=0ss |date=2012-05-23 }}</ref> nu mana pulo-pulo gedéna nyaéta [[Honshū]], [[Hokkaidō]], [[Kyūshū]] jeung [[Shikoku]], nu mangrupa 97% daratan. Lolobana ieu pulo kasusun ku [[mountain|pagunungan]], tur masih [[volcano|gunung seuneu]]; contona, gunung tangjangkung di Jepang, [[Gunung Fuji]], nyaéta hiji gunung aktif. Jepang [[List of countries by population|nomer sapuluh populasi]]na di dunya, kira-kira 128&nbsp;juta jiwa. [[Greater Tokyo Area|Wewengkon Megapolitan Tokyo]], nu ngawengku [[Capital of Japan|ibukota]] [[Tokyo]] jeung [[Préféktur di Jepang|préféktur]] sabudeureunna, [[World largest cities|wewengkon metropolitan panggedéna]] sadunya, leuwih ti 30 juta panghuni.

Panalungtikan [[Arkéologi]] nembongkeun yén kahirupan di pulo-pulo Jepang geus aya dina période Paléolitik Luhur. Dumasar kana catetan ngeunaan Jepang dina buku sajarah [[History of China|Sajarah China]] ti abad kahiji&nbsp;SM (Saméméh Maséhi).

Pangaruh luar nu diteruskeun ku période isolasi nu panjang mangrupa salah sahiji ciri sajarah Jepang. Saprak maké [[Konstitusi Jepang|konstitusi]] dina taun 1947, Jepang ngagunakeun [[konstitusi monarki]] [[nagara bagian]] ku ayana [[Kaisar Jepang|kaisar]] jeung parlemén nu dipilih, [[Parlemén Jepang]].

Kakuatan ekonomi utama,<ref name="ciawfbjapan"/> Jepang nomer dua ékonomina dumasar kana gedéna GDP. Jepang ogé anggota [[PBB]], [[G8]], G4 jeung [[APEC]], sarta no lima anggaran pertahananna. Jepang ogé nomer opat nagara nu ékspor sarta [[List of countries by imports|nomer genep nagara nu impor]] sarta mingpin dina téknologi jeung permesinan.

== Ngaran Asli ==
Dina [[Basa Jepang]] kecap Jepang nyaéta ''Nippon'' atawa ''Nihon''.  Duanana ditulis dina karakter [[Kanji]] nu sarua. Basa Jepang ''Nippon'' dipaké keur kaperluan resmi, kaasup [[Yén|duit]], [[cap]], sarta [[kagiatan olahraga]] internasional.  ''Nihon'' leuwih sederhana dipaké di Jepang.  Contona, urang Jepang nyebut manéhna ''Nihonjin'' sarta basana ''Nihongo'':   hartina "Urang Jepang" sarta "Basa Jepang". Di Jepang ayeuna, Nippon leuwih nasionalis, sarta dipaké ku para kokolot, sabalikan watesan Nihon dina watesan sederhana, sarta dipaké ku sabagéan gedé urang Jepang.

Dina [[Basa Inggris]] kecap Jepang asalna ti kulon keur mimiti ruteu dagang.  Dina [[Basa Mandarin]] kecap Jepang mimiti dipaké ku [[Marco Polo]] nyaéta ''Cipangu''.  Sanajan kitu, dina [[Basa Kanton]] kecap keur Jepang, meureunna mangrupa kecap mimiti ''Japan'',  nyaéta ''Jatbun''. Dina [[Malay language|Basa Melaya]] kecap Kanton ieu jadi ''Japang'' nu saterusna dipaké ku [[Portugal |Bangsa Portugis]] nu dagang di [[Malacca]] dina [[16th century|abad ka-16]]. Ku sabab kitu padagang [[Portugal|Portugis]] dianggap nu mimiti ngawanohkeun kecap Jepang ka [[Eropa]]. Mimiti dipaké dina [[Basa Inggris]] dina taun [[1577]], dibacana ''Giapan''.

Dina Basa Inggris, ngaran nagara sacara resmi nyaéta "Japan". Saméméhna, ditulis lengkep nyaéta ''"Empire of Japan"'' tapai saterusna robah dumasar kana konstitusi sanggeus perang. Basa resmi Jepang nyaéta ''Nihonkoku'' (日本国), nu hartina "Nagara Jepang."

== Sajarah ==
''Artikel Utama: [[Sajarah Jepang]]''

Hasil panalungtikan arkéologi nunjukkeun yén di Jepang geus aya kahirupan saméméh 500,000 taun ka tukang, salila période [[Paleolithic|Paleolitik Handap]]. Salila zaman és dina sababara milyar taun, Jepang ngahiji jeung Benua Asia ku ayana jembatan pulo (mimiti [[Sakhalin]] di kalér, sarta mungkin nepi ka [[Kyushu]] di kidul), nu ngagampangkeun pindahna manusa, sato jeung tutuwuhan ka [[kapuloan]] Jepang ti wéwéngkon China jeung Koréa ayeuna.

Tanda-tanda kahirupan sosial dimimitian kira-kira [[10,000 SM]] (Samemeh Masehi) ku budaya [[Jōmon]], dicirikeun ku robahna tina mésolitikum ka néolitikum tina kahirupan [[hunter-gatherer|moro]] kana kahirupan nu netep jeung mimiti apal kana [[agriculture|tatanen]]. [[Benang]] acan kapanggih sarta baju masih maké tina [[kulit kai]]. Kira-kira dina jaman ieu, masarakat Jomon mimiti nyieun guci tina taneuh liat, maké [[hiasan]] nu nembongkeun ayana anyaman atawa henteu (Jōmon hartina "pola tali nu dianyam"). Kamungkinan, [[keramik]] pangkolotna kapanggih di Jepang, sanajan umurna teu bisa ditangtukeun.

Loba nu percaya, yén [[Ainu]], bangsa pribumi Jepang nu tumetep di [[Hokkaido]], mangrupa katurunan [[Jōmon]] tur nunjukkeun penduduk Jepang nu mimiti.
<!--
The [[Yayoi period]], starting around the third century&nbsp;BC, introduced new practices, such as wet-rice farming, [[iron]] and [[bronze]]-making and a new style of pottery, brought by migrants from [[China]] or [[Korea]]. With the development of Yayoi culture, a predominantly agricultural society emerged in Japan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-23121 |title=The Yayoi period (c.250 BC – c.AD 250) |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=2006 | accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author = [[Jared Diamond]] |title= Japanese Roots | journal = [[Discover Magazine]] Vol. 19 No. 6 |date=June 1998 | url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761568150_4/Pottery.html#p26 |title=Pottery |publisher=MSN Encarta | accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=De Bary |first=William Theodore |title=Sources of Japanese Tradition |publisher=Columbia University Press |date=2005 |pages=1304 | isbn = 023112984X |url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN023112984X&id=6wS_ijD6DSgC&pg=RA1-PA1304&lpg=RA1-PA1304&ots=MxkZKlTRlU&dq=%22Chinese+mainland%22+%22Korean+peninsula%22+%22Japanese+archipelago%22&sig=hc4ew2p4cGdppzY6O_b0zWgaB6E#PRA1-PA1304,M1 | accessdate=2007-01-29}}</ref>

The Japanese first appear in written history in China’s ''[[Book of Han]]''. According to the Chinese ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'', the most powerful kingdom on the archipelago during the third century was called [[Yamataikoku]].

[[Image:MiddleJomonVessel.JPG|thumb|left|150px|A middle [[Jōmon period]] vessel (3000 to 2000&nbsp;BC).]]
[[Image:Kamakura Budda Daibutsu front 1885.jpg|thumb|150px|left|The Buddha in [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]] (1252).]]
Japan was first introduced to [[Buddhism]] from [[Baekje]] of the [[Korean Peninsula]], but the subsequent development of [[Japanese Buddhism]] and Buddhist sculptures were primarily influenced by [[China]].<ref>{{cite book |editor=Delmer M. Brown (ed.) |year=1993 |title=The Cambridge History of Japan |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=140–149}}</ref> Despite early resistance, [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhism]] was promoted by the ruling class and eventually gained growing acceptance since the [[Asuka period]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan |author=William Gerald Beasley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1999 |url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0520225600&id=9AivK7yMICgC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=Soga+Buddhism+intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Japan&sig=V65JQ4OzTFCopEoFVb8DWh5BD4Q#PPA42,M1 |pages=42 |isbn=0520225600 |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

The [[Nara period]] of the eighth century marked the first emergence of a strong central Japanese state, centered around an imperial court in the city of [[Heijō Palace|Heijō-kyō]], or modern day [[Nara, Nara|Nara]]. In addition to the continuing adoption of Chinese administrative practices, the [[Nara period]] is characterized by the appearance of a nascent written literature with the completion of the massive chronicles ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) and ''[[Nihonshoki]]'' (720).<ref>{{cite book |author=Conrad Totman |year=2002 |title=A History of Japan |publisher=Blackwell |pages=64–79 | isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref> (Nara was not the first capital city in Japan, though. Before Nara, [[Fujiwara-kyō]] and [[Asuka, Yamato|Asuka]] served as capitals of the [[Yamato state]].)

In 784, [[Emperor Kammu]] moved the capital from Nara to [[Nagaokakyō]] for a brief ten-year period, before relocating it to [[Heian-kyō]] (modern day [[Kyoto]]) in 794, where it remained for more than a millennium.<ref>{{cite book |author=Conrad Totman |year=2002 |title=A History of Japan |publisher=Blackwell |pages=79–87 | isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref> This marked the beginning of the [[Heian period]], during which time a distinctly indigenous Japanese culture emerged, noted for its [[Japanese art|art]], [[Japanese poetry|poetry]] and [[Japanese literature|literature]]. [[Murasaki Shikibu|Lady Murasaki's]] ''[[The Tale of Genji]]'' and the lyrics of modern Japan's national anthem, ''[[Kimi ga Yo]]'' were written during this time.<ref>{{cite book |author=Conrad Totman |year=2002 |title=A History of Japan |publisher=Blackwell |pages=122–123 | isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref>

Japan's [[feudal]] era was characterized by the emergence of a ruling class of warriors, the [[samurai]]. In 1185, following the defeat of the rival [[Taira clan]], [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] was appointed [[Shogun]] and established a base of power in [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]]. After Yoritomo's death, the [[Hōjō clan]] came to rule as regents for the shoguns. [[Zen]] Buddhism was introduced from China in the [[Kamakura period]] (1185–1333) and became popular among the samurai class. The [[Kamakura shogunate]] managed to repel [[Mongol invasions of Japan|Mongol invasions]] in 1274 and 1281, aided by a storm that the Japanese interpreted as a [[Kamikaze (typhoon)|kamikaze]], or Divine Wind. The Kamakura shogunate was eventually [[Kemmu restoration|overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo]], who was soon himself defeated by [[Ashikaga Takauji]] in 1336.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[George Sansom]] |year=1961 |title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615 |publisher=Stanford |pages=42 | isbn=0-8047-0525-9}}</ref> The succeeding [[Ashikaga shogunate]] failed to control the feudal warlords (''[[daimyo]]''), and a civil war erupted (the [[Ōnin War]]) in 1467 which opened a century-long [[Sengoku period]].<ref>{{cite book |author=[[George Sansom]] |year=1961 |title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615 |publisher=Stanford |pages=217 | isbn=0-8047-0525-9}}</ref>

During the sixteenth century, traders and [[Jesuit]] [[missionary|missionaries]] from [[Portugal]] reached Japan for the first time, initiating active commercial and cultural exchange between Japan and the West (''[[Nanban trade]]'').

[[Oda Nobunaga]] conquered numerous other daimyo by using European technology and [[firearms]] and had almost unified the nation when he was assassinated in 1582. [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] succeeded Nobunaga and united the nation in 1590. Hideyoshi [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|invaded Korea twice]], but following several defeats by [[Korea]]n and [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] [[China]] forces and Hideyoshi's death, Japanese troops were withdrawn in 1598.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Stephen Turnbull (historian)|Stephen Turnbull]] |year=2002 |title=Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War |publisher=Cassel |pages=227| isbn=978-0304359486}}</ref>

[[Image:RedSealShip.JPG|thumb|One of Japan's [[Red seal ship]]s (1634), which were used for trade throughout Asia.]]
[[Image:Satsuma-samurai-during-boshin-war-period.jpg|thumb|Samurai of the [[Satsuma]] clan during the [[Boshin war]], circa 1867.]][[Image:nagasakibomb.jpg|thumb|150px|The 1945 [[Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bomb]]ing of [[Nagasaki]].]] 
After Hideyoshi's death, [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] utilized his position as regent for Hideyoshi's son [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] to gain political and military support. When open war broke out, he defeated rival clans in the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] in 1600. Ieyasu was appointed [[shogun|shōgun]] in 1603 and established the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] at [[Edo]] (modern [[Tokyo]]). The Tokugawa shogunate enacted a variety of measures such as ''[[Buke shohatto]]'' to control the autonomous daimyo. In 1639, the shogunate began the isolationist ''[[sakoku]]'' ("closed country") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the [[Edo period]]. The study of Western sciences, known as ''[[rangaku]]'', continued during this period through contacts with the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] enclave at [[Dejima]] in [[Nagasaki]]. The Edo period also gave rise to ''[[kokugaku]]'', or literally "national studies", the study of Japan by the Japanese themselves.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hooker |first=Richard |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/KOKUGAKU.HTM |title=Japan Glossary; Kokugaku | publisher = Washington State University | date=[[1999-07-14]] | accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref>

On [[March 31]], [[1854]], [[Matthew Calbraith Perry|Commodore Matthew Perry]] and the "[[Black Ships]]" of the [[United States Navy]] forced the opening of Japan to the outside world with the [[Convention of Kanagawa]]. Subsequent similar treaties with the Western countries in the [[late Tokugawa shogunate]] brought Japan into economic and political crises. The abundance of the prerogative and the resignation of the shogunate led to the [[Boshin War]] and the establishment of [[Abolition of the han system|a centralized state]] unified under the name of the Emperor ([[Meiji Restoration]]). Adopting Western political, judicial and military institutions, the [[Cabinet of Japan|Cabinet]] organized the [[Privy Council (Japan)|Privy Council]], introduced the [[Meiji Constitution]], and assembled the [[Diet of Japan|Imperial Diet]]. The [[Meiji Restoration]] transformed the [[Empire of Japan]] into an [[Industrialization|industrialized]] world power that embarked on a number of military conflicts to expand the nation's sphere of influence. After victories in the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] (1894–1895) and the [[Russo-Japanese War]] (1904–1905), Japan gained control of [[Taiwan]], [[Korea]], and the southern half of [[Sakhalin]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://filebox.vt.edu/users/jearnol2/MeijiRestoration/imperial_japan.htm |title=Japan: The Making of a World Superpower (Imperial Japan) |author=Jesse Arnold | publisher = vt.edu/users/jearnol2 | accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

The early twentieth century saw a brief period of "[[Taishō period|Taisho democracy]]" overshadowed by the rise of [[Japanese expansionism]] and [[militarization]]. [[World War I]] enabled Japan, which joined the side of the victorious [[Allies of World War I|Allies]], to [[Japan during World War I|expand its influence and territorial holdings]]. Japan continued its expansionist policy by occupying [[Manchuria]] in 1931. As a result of [[Lytton Report|international condemnation for this occupation]], Japan resigned from the [[League of Nations]] two years later. In 1936, Japan signed the [[Anti-Comintern Pact]] with [[Nazi Germany]], joining the [[Axis Powers]] in 1941.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.friesian.com/pearl.htm |title= The Pearl Harbor Strike Force |author= Kelley L. Ross | publisher = friesian.com |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

In 1937, Japan invaded other parts of [[China]], precipitating the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] (1937–1945), after which the [[United States]] placed an oil embargo on Japan.<ref>{{cite book |author=Roland H. Worth, Jr. |title=No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the Pacific |publisher=McFarland |date=1995 |isbn=0-7864-0141-9}}</ref>
On [[December 7]], [[1941]], Japan [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|attacked the United States naval base]] in [[Pearl Harbor]] and declared war on the [[United States]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Netherlands]]. This act brought the United States into [[World War II]]. After the [[atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings]] of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]] in 1945, along with [[Operation August Storm|the Soviet Union joining the war against it]], Japan agreed to an [[Surrender of Japan|unconditional surrender]] on [[August 15]] ([[V-J Day]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.educationworld.net/txt15/surrend1.html |title=Japanese Instrument of Surrender |publisher=educationworld.net |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> The war cost Japan millions of lives and left much of the country's industry and infrastructure destroyed. The [[International Military Tribunal for the Far East]], was convened by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] (on [[May 3]], [[1946]]) to prosecute Japanese leaders for [[Japanese war crimes|war crimes]] such as the [[Nanking Massacre]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/nankingatrocities/Tribunals/imtfe_01.htm |title=The Nanking Atrocities: The Postwar Judgment |publisher=University of Missouri-Columbia |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

In 1947, Japan adopted a new [[Pacifism|pacifist]] [[Constitution of Japan|constitution]] emphasizing [[Liberal democracy|liberal democratic]] practices. [[Occupation of Japan|The Allied occupation]] ended by the [[Treaty of San Francisco]] in 1952<ref>{{cite web |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070306f3.html |title='52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA |author=Joseph Coleman| date=[[2006-03-06]]| publisher=[[The Japan Times]] |accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> and Japan was granted membership in the [[United Nations]] in 1956. Japan later achieved [[Japanese post-war economic miracle|spectacular growth]] to become the second largest economy in the world, with an annual growth rate averaging 10% for four decades. This ended in the mid-1990s when Japan suffered [[Japanese asset price bubble|a major recession]]. Positive growth in the early twenty-first century has signaled a gradual recovery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5178822.stm |title=Japan scraps zero interest rates |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |date=[[2006-07-14]] |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> -->

==  Pamaréntahan jeung pulitik ==
{{utama|Pamarentah Jepang|Pulitik Jepang}}
[[Gambar:Diet of Japan Kokkai 2009.jpg|thumb|left|[[National Diet Building|Gedong Wakil Rakyat Nasional]], di [[Nagatachō, Tokyo]].]]

Japan nyaéta nagara [[constitutional monarchy|konstitusi monarki]] nu mana kakuatan [[Emperor of Japan|kaisar]] kawates kacida. Salaku simbol seremoni, kaisar dianggap salaku [[Constitution of Japan|konstitusi]] "simbol nagara jeung ngahijina masarakat". Kakuatan aya dina pingpinan [[Prime Minister of Japan|Perdana Menteri Jepang]] sarta anggota [[Diet of Japan|Wakil Rakyat]], sedengkeun kakawasaan aya di [[Japanese people|masarakat Jepang]].<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |url=http://www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/law/index.htm |title=The Constitution of Japan |publisher=House of Councillors of the National Diet of Japan |date=[[1946-11-03]] |accessdate=2007-03-10 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317203812/http://www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/law/index.htm |date=2007-03-17 }}</ref> Kaisar salaku [[head of state|kapala nagara]] dina hubungan diplomatik. [[Naruhito]] nyaéta kaisar Jepang kiwari.<!--

Japan's legislative organ is the [[Diet of Japan|National Diet]], a bicameral [[parliament]]. The Diet consists of a [[House of Representatives of Japan|House of Representatives]], containing 480 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved and a [[House of Councillors]] of 242 seats, whose popularly-elected members serve six-year terms. There is [[universal suffrage]] for adults over 20 years of age,<ref name="ciawfbjapan">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |title=World Factbook; Japan |publisher=[[CIA]] |date=[[2007-03-15]] | accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> with a [[secret ballot]] for all elective offices.<ref name="Constitution"/> The [[Liberal conservatism|liberal conservative]] [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP) has been in power since 1955, except for a short-lived [[coalition government]] formed from opposition parties in 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jimin.jp/jimin/english/history/index.html |title=A History of the Liberal Democratic Party |publisher=Liberal Democratic Party of Japan |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The largest opposition party is the [[Social liberalism|social liberal]] [[Democratic Party of Japan]].

The Prime Minister of Japan is the [[head of government]]. The position is appointed by the [[Emperor of Japan]] after being designated by the [[Diet of Japan|Diet]] from among its members and must enjoy the confidence of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|House of Representatives]] to remain in office. The Prime Minister is the head of the [[Cabinet of Japan|Cabinet]] (the literal translation of his Japanese title is "Prime Minister of the Cabinet") and appoints and dismisses the [[Ministers of State]], a majority of whom must be Diet members. [[Yasuo Fukuda]] currently serves as the Prime Minister of Japan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html |title=Prime Minister of Japan and his Cabinet |publisher=Office of the Prime Minister of Japan| accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

Historically influenced by [[Chinese law]], the [[Japanese law|Japanese legal system]] developed independently during the [[Edo period]] through texts such as ''[[Kujikata Osadamegaki]]''. However, since the late nineteenth century, the [[judicial system of Japan|judicial system]] has been largely based on the [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] of [[Europe]], notably [[France]] and [[Germany]]. For example, in 1896, the Japanese government established a [[civil code]] based on the German model. With post-World War II modifications, the code remains in effect in present-day Japan.<ref name="civilcode">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9043364?hook=6804 |title="Japanese Civil Code" |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=2006 |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> Statutory law originates in Japan's legislature, the National Diet of Japan, with the rubber-stamp approval of the Emperor. The current constitution requires that the Emperor promulgates legislation passed by the Diet, without specifically giving him the power to oppose the passing of the legislation.<ref name="Constitution"/> Japan's court system is divided into four basic tiers: the [[Supreme Court of Japan|Supreme Court]] and three levels of lower courts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/judiciary/0620system.html |publisher=Office of the Prime Minister of Japan |title=The Japanese Judicial System |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The main body of Japanese statutory law is a collection called the [[Six Codes]].<ref name="civilcode"/>
-->

== Préféktur ==
[[Gambar:Skyscrapers Shinjuku 2007 rev.jpg|thumb|[[Tokyo]]]]
[[Gambar:Osaka Castle 02bs3200.jpg|thumb|[[Osaka]]]]
[[Gambar:Nagoya of Meieki towers.JPG|thumb|[[Nagoya]]]]
{{utama|Préféktur di Jepang|Cities of Japan|Towns of Japan|Villages of Japan|List of Japanese cities by population}}
Di Jepang aya 47 [[Préféktur di Jepang|perféktur]]. Perféktur mangrupa bagian administrasi panggedéna. Unggal perfektur ngalaksanakeun pamilihan gubernur jeung legislatif tur biro administrasi.

Perféktur ilahar kabagi kana [[Regions of Japan|wéwéngkon]]. Wéwéngkon ieu lain bentuk formal, teu pakait jeung pamilihan tur administrasi.

Di handap ieu tabel nu ilahar dipaké nu mana perféktur diruntuykeun dumasar kana wéwéngkonna ti kalér ka kidul.

{| class=wikitable
! Wéwéngkon
! Préféktur
|-
! [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidō]]
| [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidō]]
|-
! [[Tōhoku region|Tōhoku]]
| [[Akita Prefecture|Akita]], [[Aomori Prefecture|Aomori]], [[Fukushima Prefecture|Fukushima]], [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwaté]], [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]], [[Yamagata Prefecture|Yamagata]]
|-
! [[Wewengkon Kantō|Kantō]]
| [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], [[Gunma Prefecture|Gunma]], [[Ibaraki Prefecture|Ibaraki]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]], [[Tochigi Prefecture|Tochigi]], [[Tokyo]]
|-
! [[Wewengkon Chūbu|Chūbu]]
| [[Préféktur Aichi|Aichi]], [[Fukui Prefecture|Fukui]], [[Préféktur Gifu|Gifu]], [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]], [[Nagano Prefecture|Nagano]], [[Niigata Prefecture|Niigata]], [[Préféktur Shizuoka|Shizuoka]], [[Toyama Prefecture|Toyama]], [[Yamanashi Prefecture|Yamanashi]]
|-
! [[Wewengkon Kansai|Kansai]]
| [[Hyogo Prefecture|Hyōgo]], [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]], [[Mie Prefecture|Mie]], [[Nara Prefecture|Nara]], [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]], [[Shiga Prefecture|Shiga]], [[Wakayama Prefecture|Wakayama]]
|-
! [[Wewengkon Chūgoku|Chūgoku]]
| [[Hiroshima Prefecture|Hiroshima]], [[Okayama Prefecture|Okayama]], [[Shimane Prefecture|Shimané]], [[Tottori Prefecture|Tottori]], [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]]
|-
! [[Shikoku]]
| [[Ehime Prefecture|Ehime]], [[Kagawa Prefecture|Kagawa]], [[Kōchi Prefecture|Kōchi]], [[Tokushima Prefecture|Tokushima]]
|-
! [[Kyushu|Kyūshū]]
| [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]], [[Kagoshima Prefecture|Kagoshima]], [[Kumamoto Prefecture|Kumamoto]], [[Miyazaki Prefecture|Miyazaki]], [[Nagasaki Prefecture|Nagasaki]], [[Oita Prefecture|Oita]], [[Saga Prefecture|Saga]]
|-
! [[Okinawa]]
| [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]]
|}

Propinsi saterusna dibagi kana [[cities of Japan|kota]], [[towns of Japan|kacamatan]] jeung [[villages of Japan|désa]]. Sistim ngaran nu béda aya di [[Tokyo City|Kota Tokyo]], nu dibagi kana 23 kota nu disebut [[23 special wards|kota husus]] (bagéan luar tina 23 kota husus di Tokyo ngagunakeun watesan nu sarua keur kota, kacamatan jeung désa). Kota-kota (kaasup kota husus di Tokyo), kacamatan, jeung désa dipilih sacara resmi. Tambahanna, kota gedé dibagi kana [[wards of Japan|distrik kota-kota]]. Distrik kota, teu ngahiji sacara resmi.

{| class="wikitable"
! !! Kota !! Préféktur !! Populasi<ref name="population">{{cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Japan-Cities.html#Stadt_gross |title=Japan—City Population |publisher=citypopulation.de |accessdate=2007-02-01 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417030600/http://www.citypopulation.de/Japan-Cities.html#Stadt_gross |date=2009-04-17 }}</ref>
|-
|  1  || '''[[Special wards of Tokyo|Tokyo]]'''<sup>a</sup>{{spaces|2}} || [[Tokyo]] || 8,535,792</tr>
|  2  || '''[[Yokohama]]''' || [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]]{{spaces|2}} || 3,602,758</tr>
|  3  || '''[[Osaka]]'''    || [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]] || 2,635,420</tr>
|  4  || '''[[Nagoya]]'''   || [[Aichi Prefecture|Aichi]] || 2,223,148</tr>
|  5  || '''[[Sapporo]]'''  || [[Hokkaidō]]               || 1,888,953</tr>
|  6  || '''[[Kobe]]'''     || [[Hyōgo Prefecture|Hyōgo]] <td> 1,528,687</td></tr>
|  7  || '''[[Kyoto]]'''    || [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]] || 1,472,511</tr>
|  8  || '''[[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]]''' || [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]] || 1,414,417</tr>
|  9  || '''[[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]]'''<sup>b</sup> || [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]] || 1,342,262</tr>
| 10  || '''[[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama]]''' || [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]]|| 1,182,744</tr>
|}
{{small|<sup>a</sup> 23 municipalities. Also capital of Japan.<br /><sup>b</sup> Government Ordinance City only.}}

== Geografi ==
''Artikel Utama: [[Geography of Japan]]''

[[Gambar:Japan sea map.png|thumb|right]]

Jepang, mangrupa nagara kapuloan, manjang di beulah wetan [[Pacific Ocean|Samudera Pafisik]] basisir [[Asia]]. Pulo gedéna, ti kalér ka kidul nyaéta [[Karafuto]] (dina kakawasan Jepang: taun 1679-1875), [[Hokkaido]], [[Honshu]] (pulo utama), [[Shikoku]], jeung [[Kyushu]]. [[Mairuppo]] ngaleupaskeun [[Kuril Islands|Kapuloan Kuril]] ( dina [[Basa Jepang]]: 千島列島, Chishima Rettō) leuwih ti 800&nbsp;km kaleureun [[Hokkaido]]; [[Naha]] di [[Okinawa]] di Kapuloan [[Ryukyu]] leuwih ti 800&nbsp;km kaleureun. Tambahan séjénna, kira-kira aya 3,000 pulo leutik nu bisa kaitung ngajadikeun Jepang salaku nagara [[archipelago|kapuloan]] tur leuwih lega. Kira-kira 73% mangrupa pagunungan, nu ngabentuk siga ranté di unggal pulo utama. Gunung pangluhurna di Jepang tur kawentar nyaéta [[Gunung Fuji]] kira-kira 3,776 m. Oyakobayama, pangkalérna di [[Kuril Islands|Kapuloan Kuril]], puncak saljuna (2337 m) langsung kaluar di tengah laut.
<!--
Since so little flat area exists, many hills and mountainsides are cultivated all the way to the summits. As Japan is situated in a [[volcanism|volcanic]] zone along the Pacific deeps, frequent low intensity earth tremors and occasional volcanic activity are felt throughout the islands. Destructive [[earthquake]]s occur several times a century, often resulting in [[tsunami]]s. [[Onsen|Hot springs]] are numerous and have been developed as resorts.

The [[Japanese Archipelago]] extends from north to south along the eastern coast of the [[Eurasia|Eurasian Continent]], the western shore of the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Japan is a temperate region with four distinct seasons, but because of its great length from north to south, its climate varies from region to region: the far north is very cold in the winter, while the far south is subtropical. The climate is also affected by the seasonal winds blown from the continent to the ocean in winters and vice versa in summers.

Late June and early July are a [[rainy season]] (except in [[Hokkaido]] and islands to the north), as a seasonal rain front or ''baiu zensen'' (梅雨前線) stays above Japan. In the late summer and early autumn, typhoons develop from tropical depressions generated near the equator, and track from the southwest to the northeast, often bringing heavy rain.

Japan's varied geographical features divide it into six principal climatic zones.

*[[Hokkaido]]: Belonging to the cool temperate zone, Hokkaido has long, cold winters and cool summers. The Kuril Islands are fogbound. [[precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] is not heavy, but the islands usually develop deep snowbanks in the winter. 
*[[Sea of Japan]]: The northwest wind in the wintertime brings heavy snowfall. In summers, the region is less hot than the Pacific area, but it sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures due to the [[Foehn wind]] phenomenon. 
*Central Highland (''[[Chuo-kochi]]''): A typical inland climate, with large temperature differences between summers and winters and between days and nights. Precipitation is not large throughout a year.
*[[Seto Inland Sea]] (''Setonaikai''): The mountains in [[Chugoku]] and [[Shikoku]] regions block the seasonal winds and bring mild climate and many fine days throughout a year.
*Pacific Ocean: Experiences cold winters with little snowfall and hot, humid summers due to the southeast seasonal wind.
*Nansei-shoto ([[Ryukyu]]) or Southwest Islands: Has a subtropical climate with warm winters and hot summers. Precipitation is very heavy, especially during the rainy season, and also due to typhoons.

Politically and culturally, Japan is commonly divided into ten regions. From north to south, these are [[Karafuto]], [[Hokkaido]] and [[Chishima]], [[Tohoku region]], [[Hokuriku region]], [[Kanto region]], [[Chubu region]], [[Kinki region]] (commonly called [[Kansai]]), [[Chugoku region]], [[Shikoku region]], [[Kyushu region]], and [[Okinawa]], the main island in the [[Ryukyu Islands]].

Japan has outstanding territorial disputes over the [[Kuril Islands]] and [[Sakhalin]] or [[Karafuto]], occupied by Russia, as well as the [[Liancourt Rocks]] (Jp. ''Takeshima''), claimed by Korea.  The [[Senkaku Islands]] are claimed by China and Taiwan as "Diaoyutai".
-->

== Ekonomi ==
{{Main|Economy of Japan}}

Hubungan gawé nu raket tur hadé antara pamarentah jeung industri dina widang teknologi tinggi, merhatikeun dunya pendidikan dibandingkeun keur kaperluan pertahanan (1% tina [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]]) ngajadikeun ékonomi Jepang hirup kalawan gancang sarta nagara nu kuat di sagigireun Amérika jeung Eropa.
<!--
Notable characteristics of the economy include the working together of manufacturers, suppliers,  distributors and banks in closely-knit groups called [[keiretsu]]; the powerful enterprise unions and ''[[shunto]]''; cozy relations with government bureaucrats, and the guarantee of lifetime employment (shushin koyo) for up to a third of the urban labor force, usually big corporations and highly unionized blue-collar factories. Small and medium enterprises, women, and foreign employees typically do not enjoy such benefits. Most of the these features are now eroding, however, and the economy is currently characterized by stagnation.

Industry, the most important sector of the economy, is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. The much smaller [[agriculture|agricultural]] sector is highly subsidised and protected, most notably for rice which currently charges a 490% tariff on imported rice and enforces a quota of only 3% of the total rice market. Considerable efforts are expended on developing a better tasting fruits and vegetables and while pricey even by high cost of living in Japan, best products are really the best (if you're willing to spend $20 for a single Japanese pear). Usually self-sufficient in [[rice]] (except for its use in making rice crackers and processed foods), Japan must import about 50% of its requirements of other [[grain]] and fodder crops. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch, prompting some claims that Japan's fishing is leading to overdepletion in fish stocks such as tuna as well as killing whales for 'scientific research', and the whale meat somehow ending up in seafood restaurants. For three decades overall real economic growth had been spectacular: a 10% average in the [[1960s]], a 5% average in the [[1970s]], and a 4% average in the [[1980s]]. Growth slowed markedly in the [[1990s]] largely because of the after effects of overinvestment during the late 1980s and contractionary domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. Government efforts to revive economic growth have met with little success and were further hampered in [[2000]]-[[2001]] by the slowing of the US and [[Asia]]n economies.

<!--Furthermore, the declining birth rate in Japan has led to speculation that more skilled immigrants will be required if Japan wishes to maintain its current level of production.-->
<!--This speculation was made most notably by Toyota's CEO but economists disagree on this issue.  This is 'A Speculation' and I seriously doubt its inclusion here-->
<!--
The crowding of habitable land area and the aging of the population are two major long-run problems as is rising cost of the health care. [[Robotics]] constitutes a key long-term economic strength, with Japan possessing 410,000 of the world's 720,000 "working robots".  Recently, the focus has also been on the [[Anime]] and other contemporary arts.
-->

== Demografi ==
{{Main|Demographics of Japan}}

Kahirupan urang Jepang sacara etnik jeung basa hampir sarua, populasi utama nu saeutik nyaéta [[Korea]] Kaler jeung Kidul (1 yuta), Okinawa (1.5 yuta), China jeung [[Taiwan]] (0.5 yuta), Filipina (0.5 yuta), sarta Brazil (250,000), sarta minoritas bangsa pribumi [[Ainu]] di [[Hokkaido]].  99% masyarakat Jepang ngobrol maké [[Japanese language|Basa Jepang]] dina kahirupan sapopoé sarta mangrupa basa indung.
<!--
The Japanese population is one of the most rapidly aging on Earth.  Fertility rates dropped in the wake of World War II, and dropped again in the mid-1970's, as more women remained in the workplace and refused to get married.  Japan now also has the highest [[life expectancy]] in the world.  By [[2007]], when Japan's population growth is expected to stop completely, over 20% of the population will be over the age of 65. Japanese government planners are currently in a heated debate over how to cope with this problem. [http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/japan/socsec/ogawa.html]

Most Japanese people profess to believe in the religions of Shinto and Buddhism, both practiced together, which is normal for Asian religions. Many people, especially those in younger generations, claim to feel that religion is something to stay clear from, pointing out historical reasons such as the role that the nationally enforced [[Shinto]] played in World War II, and more recently [[Aum Shinrikyo]] and its actions. However, Shinto and Buddhist teachings are deeply entangled in the everyday life of Japanese. Often, it is so deep that it takes someone from outside to point it out. Most Japanese people, though they denounce religion, still follow it, but not devoutly and some do not even follow their religion.
-->
Tempo oge: [[Religions of Japan]]

== Budaya ==
{{Main|Culture of Japan}}

Budaya Jepang mangrupa hasil interaksi antara budaya [[Jomon]] nu kuat jeung sesana pangaruh budaya luar luar. [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]] jeung Koréa nu mimiti mere pangaruh dina waktu budaya [[Yayoi]] kira-kira 300 SM. Mesir kuno jeung tradisional India dikombinasikeun dina [[Greco-Buddhism]], mangaruhan kana seni jeung kapercyaan Jepang ti mimiti abad ka 6 M, dimekarkeun ku ngawanohkeun ''[[Mahayana]] [[Buddhism]]''. Ti mimiti abad ka 16, mimiti asup pangaruh Eropa, sarta pangaruh dominan Amérika sanggeus [[WWII|Perang Dunya ka II]].

=== Sado ===
Sado mangrupakeun salah sahiji budaya Jepang anu loba dilakukeun ku sakumna masarakat Jepang nyaéta budaya nginum entéh anu baheulana datang ti karuhun. Masarakat Jepang ngalakukeun éta budaya dina hiji rohangan husus anu disebut ''tantami.'' Numutkeun kana sajarah, buaday sado geus aya ti abad ka-9 anu munggaran dina cutatan kuno ''Nihon Koki'' anu dicaritakeun ku biksu Buddha ngarana Eichu ti Cina. Maranéhna ngabogaan kayakinan yéh sado téh lain ngan sauukur nginum entéh hungkul tapi aya unsur etétika anu ngabogaan unsur spiritual.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://voi.id/lifestyle/37801/menengok-budaya-jepang-yang-unik-dan-menakjubkan-sebagian-mirip-dengan-indonesia|title=Menengok Budaya Jepang yang Unik dan Menakjubkan, Sebagian Mirip dengan Indonesia|website=VOI - Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205022650/https://voi.id/lifestyle/37801/menengok-budaya-jepang-yang-unik-dan-menakjubkan-sebagian-mirip-dengan-indonesia |date=2023-02-05 }}</ref>

=== Sumo ===
Jepang ngabogaan olahraga beladiri anu pohara populér, nyaéta Sumo. Sanajan digolongkeun kana gulat tradisional, sababaraha urang masih ngalaksanakeun ta nepi ka ayeuna. Biasana, sumo dilaksanakeun ku dua pegulat anu awakna kentel. Tapi sabenerna olahraga ieu teu nangtukeun aturan beurat. Kanyataanna, anu jadi atlét sumo maran.hna ngagedekeun awak ngarah dina gulat henteu babari éléh digubragkeun ku lawan.<ref name=":0" />

=== Matsuri ===
Urang Jepang resep ngayakeun festival. Dina basa Jepang, 'festival' disebut 'Matsuri'. Rupa-rupa festival diayakeun di Jepang, unggal taun, mimitian ti festival usun gugur, taun anyar, kaagamaan, usum panas, jeung saterusna. Matsuri dipigawé henteu ngan sauukur senang-senang hungkul, tapi ngandung unsur spiritual. Urang Jepang ngayakeun festival pikeun ngahormatan jeung nganyatakeun rasa syukur kana barokah anu diparin ku déwa. Unggal matsuri sok dibarengan ku mikoshi. Mikoshi mangrupakeun kuil miniatur. Pamilon festival bakal diarak ngurilingan miniatur. Maranéhna yakin yén mikoshi mangrupakeun tutumpakan anu dipaké ku déwa.<ref name=":0" />

=== Shodo ===
Mangrupakeun kasenian kaligrafi masarakat Jepang, ieu budaya munggaran ti abad ka-6 anu asalna ti nagara Cina. Shodo ngabogaan loba ajén pikeun masarakat Jepang. Salian mangrupa seni, shodo dipaké pikeun komunikasi jeung neangan pangalaman nilai-nilai zen. Ku tulisan Shodo, maranehna diajar ngarti kasinambungan jeung hikmah dina kahirupan. Shodo dijieun tina gabungan puisi, sastra, jeung lukisan. Anu ngamumule ieu budaya Shodo kudu ngalakukeun latihan jiwa jeung raga. Nalika ngalukis, aranjeunna bakal ngatur émosi, wirahma, éstétika, jeung spiritualitas.<ref name=":0" />

=== Taiko ===
Taiko nyaéta seni musik has Jepang dina wangun ketukan kendang. Seni musik ieu biasana dipidangkeun nalika féstival Jepang jeung upacara kaagamaan. Tabuh taiko pinuh ku sumanget. Salila pagelaran, pamaén taiko bakal ngagorowok kecap dorongan. Maranhanana surak nyaring kana iringan lagu.<ref name=":0" />

=== Hanami ===
Salah sahiji tujuan wisata favorit di Jepang nyaeta pamandangan usum gugur jeung usum semi.Dina usum semi, pengunjung bisa ningali kaéndahan kembang sakura jeung kembang sakura anu mekar. Pananda usuman mangrupakeun hal anu penting pikeun masarakat Jepang. Urang Jepang boga adat husus disebut hanami. Hanami mangrupakeun tradisi ningali kembang mekar dina usum semi. Nalika kembang sakura mekar, éta mangrupakeun tanda yén usum semi geus datang. Kalayan éta, ogé dipercaya yén kahirupan anyar dimimitian deui. Kembangna boga waktu mekar salila dua minggu, teras saatos éta bakal murag.<ref name=":0" /><!--
Japan developed a unique original culture, in its arts ([[ikebana]], [[origami]], [[ukiyo-e]]), [[Japanese crafts|crafts]] ([[Japanese Dolls|dolls]], [[lacquerware]], [[Japanese Pottery|pottery]]), performances ([[bunraku]], [[Japanese traditional dance|dance]], [[kabuki]], [[noh]], [[raku-go]]), and traditions ([[Japanese games|games]], [[onsen]], [[sento]], [[Japanese téa ceremony|tea ceremony]]), as well as a unique [[Japanese Cuisine|cuisine]].

Today, Japan is one of the world's largest exporters of popular culture.  Japanese [[anime|cartoons]], [[manga|comic books]], [[fashion]], [[Japanese cinema|films]], [[japanese literature|literature]], and [[Music of Japan|music]] have gained popularity around the world, especially in the other countries of Asia.

''See also: [[Katana]], [[Japanese clothing]], [[Japanese Festivals]], [[Japanese New Year]], [[Japanese Sports]], [[Japanese television programs]], [[Tourism in Japan]], [[Japanese media]]''
-->

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|3}}

== Bacaan saterusna ==

* Conrad Totman, 2000. 'A History of modérn Japan. Blackwell Publishers.'
* C.H. Kwan. 2001. 'Yen Bloc: Toward Economic Integration in Asia.' Brookings Institution Press.
* Bernson, Mary Hammond and Elaine Magnusson, eds. modérn JAPAN: AN IDéa BOOK FOR K-12 TéaCHERS. MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION RESOURCE SERIES. Olympia, WA: Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1984. ED 252 486. 
* Cogan, John J. and Donald O. Schneider, eds. PERSPECTIVES ON JAPAN: A GUIDE FOR TéaCHERS. Washington, DC: National Council for the Social Studies, 1983. ED 236 090. 
* éaST MEETS WEST: MUTUAL IMAGES. Stanford, CA: California Center for Reséarch in International Studies, l980. ED 196 765. 
* Kaderabeck, Leslie. THE JAPANESE AUTOMOBILE WORKER: A MICROCOSM OF JAPAN'S SUCCESS. 1985. ED 263 041. 
* Murphy, Carole. A STEP BY STEP GUIDE FOR PLANNING A JAPANESE CULTURAL féstival. 1983. ED 238 748. 
* Wojtan, Linda S. FREE RESOURCES FOR TéaCHING ABOUT JAPAN. Bloomington, IN: Midwest Program for Téaching about Japan, Indiana University, 1986. ED 270 3891.

== Rupa-rupa jejer ==
* [[Kalénder Jepang]]
* [[Atikan di Jepang]]
* [[Transportasi di Jepang]]
* [[Tentara Jepang]]
* [[Hukum Jepang]]
* [[Televisi jeung Radio Jepang]]
* [[Masalah étika di Jepang]]
* [[Budaya ponsél di Jepang]]

== Tumbu kaluar ==

; Resmi
* [http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html Kantei.go.jp]—Official [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime ministerial]] and cabinet site
* [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html Kunaicho.go.jp]—Official site of the [[Imperial House of Japan|Imperial family]].
* [http://www.mofa.go.jp/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs]—Detailed papers on Japan's foreign policy, education programs, culture and life.
* [http://www.shugiin.go.jp/index.nsf/html/index_e.htm Shugi-in.go.jp]—Official site of the House of Representatives
* [http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/index.html National Diet Library (English)]

; Media
* [http://www.nhk.or.jp/english/ NHK Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920123446/http://www.nhk.or.jp/english/ |date=2009-09-20 }}
* [http://home.kyodo.co.jp/ Kyodo News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423043359/http://home.kyodo.co.jp/ |date=2008-04-23 }}
* [http://www.asahi.com/english/index.html Asahi Shimbun (English)]
* [http://www.japantimes.co.jp/ The Japan Times]

; Pariwisata
* [http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/ Japan National Tourist Organization]
* {{wikivoyage|Japan}}

; séjénna
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html CIA World Factbook—''Japan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010157/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html%20 |date=2018-12-26 }}
* [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Japan Encyclopaedia Britannica's Japan portal site]
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/japan/0,7368,450622,00.html Guardian Unlimited—''Special Report: Japan'']
* {{wikiatlas|Japan}}
* {{gutenberg author | id=Japan | name=Government of Japan}} containing the 1889 and 1946 Constitutions

{{Japan topics}}

{{Japan}}

{{Asia}}

{{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}}

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[[Kategori:Monarki]]
[[Kategori:Jepang]]
[[Kategori:Nagara di Asia Wétan]]
[[Kategori:Proyek Makrab 2023]]
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Dicomot ti "https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang"