Džon Vesli
Velečasni Džon Vesli | |
---|---|
Puno ime | John Wesley |
Ime po rođenju | John Wesley |
Datum rođenja | 28. јун 1703. |
Mesto rođenja | Epvort, Linkolnšir Engleska |
Datum smrti | 2. mart 1791. (87 god.) |
Mesto smrti | London Velika Britanija |
Prebivalište | Engleska |
Državljanstvo | britansko (englesko do 1707) |
Univerzitet | Hrišćanska crkva, oksford i Linkoln koledž, Oksford |
Zanimanje |
|
Džon Vesli (/ˈwɛsli/;[1] 28. jun 1703 — 2. mart 1791) bio je engleski klerik, teolog i evanđeslista, koji je bio lider pokreta obnove unutar Crkve Engleske poznatog kao metodizam.[2] Društva koja je osnovao postala su dominantan oblik nezavisnog metodističkog pokreta koji traje do danas.
Obrazovan u Čarterhausu i Hristovoj crkvi u Oksfordu, Vesli je izabran za stipendistu Linkoln koledža u Oksfordu 1726. godine i zaređen je za anglikanskog sveštenika dve godine kasnije. On je vodio „Sveti klub”, društvo formirano u svrhu proučavanja i ostvarivanja pobožnog hrišćanskog života; osnovao ga je njegov brat Čarls, a među članovima je bio i Džordž Vajtfild. Nakon neuspešne dve godine službe u Savani u koloniji Džordžija, Vesli se vratio u London i pridružio se verskom društvu koje su vodili moravski hrišćani. Dana 24. maja 1738. doživeo je ono što se naziva jevanđeoskim obraćenjem, kada je osetio da mu je „srce neobično zagrejano”. Potom je napustio Moravce, započevši sopstveno služenje.
Ključni korak u razvoju Veslijeve svešteničke službe bilo je, poput Vajtfilda, putovanje i propovedanje na otvorenom. Nasuprot Vajtefildovom kalvinizmu, Vesli je prihvatio arminijanske doktrine. Putujući po Velikoj Britaniji i Irskoj, on je pomogao da se formiraju i organizuju male hrišćanske grupe koje su razvile intenzivnu i ličnu odgovornost, sledbeništvo i verske instrukcije; što je najvažnije, on je imenovao putujuće propovednike, nezaređene jevanđeliste koji bi se brinuli o tim grupama ljudi. Pod Veslijevom upravom, metodisti su postali lideri u mnogim društvenim temama dana, uključujući zatvorsku reformu i ukidanje ropstva.
Iako nije bio sistematski teolog, Vesli se zalagao za ideju hrišćanske savršenosti i bio je protiv kalvinizma, a naročito bio protiv njihove doktrine predodređenja. On je smatrao da su u ovom životu hrišćani mogli postići stanje u kojem je Božja ljubav „vrhovno vladala u njihovim srcima”, dajući im spoljašnju svetost. Njegov je jevangelizam, čvrsto utemeljen u sakramentalnoj teologiji, tvrdio da su milosna sredstva način na koji Bog posvećuje i pretvara vernika, podstičući ljude da lično dožive Isusa Hrista. Veslijeva učenja, zajednički poznata kao Veslijevska teologija, i dalje su u osnovi doktrina metodističkih crkava.
Tokom svog života, Vesli je ostao unutar uspostavljene Crkve Engleske, insistirajući na tome da se metodistički pokret dobro uklapa u njenu tradiciju.[3] U njegovom ranom služenju, Vesliju je bilo zabranjeno propovedanje u mnogim župnim crkvama, a metodisti su bili progonjeni; kasnije je postao široko poštovan i do kraja života je opisan kao „najvoljeniji čovek u Engleskoj”.[4] Godine 2002, postavljen je 50. mesto u BBC anketi za 100 najvećih Britanaca.[5]
Detinjstvo i mladost
[уреди | уреди извор]Džon Vesli je rođen 1703. godine u Epvortu, 23 milja (37 km) severozapadno od Linkolna, kao peto dete Samuela Veslija i njegove supruge Suzane Vesli (devojački Anesli).[6][7] Samuel Vesli je bio diplomac Oksfordskog univerziteta i pesnik, koji je od 1696. godine bio rektor Epvorta. On je oženio Suzanu, dvadeset peto dete Samuela Aneslija, disidentskog pastora, 1689. godine. Oni su imali devetnaestoro dece, od kojih je devet preživelo dojenačko doba. Ona i Samuel Vesli postali su pripadnici Crkve Engleske u svojoj mladosti.[8]
Kao i u mnogim porodicama u to vreme, Veslijevi roditelji su decu rano obrazovali. Svako dete, uključujući devojčice, naučeno je da čita čim je moglo da hoda i govori. Od njih se očekivalo da tečno poznaju latinski i grčki jezik, i da nauče napamet velike delove Novog zaveta. Suzana Vesli pregledala je svako dete pre podnevnog obroka i nakon večernje molitve. Deci nije bilo dozvoljeno da jedu između obroka i majka ih je pojedinačno preslišavala jedne večeri svake nedelje u svrhu intenzivnog duhovnog poučavanja. Godine 1714, u svojoj jedanaestoj godini, Vesli je poslat u Čarterhaus školu u Londonu (pod rukovodstvom Džona Kinga od 1715. godine), gde je živeo marljiv, metodičan i, neko vreme, religiozni život za koji je pripreman od malih nogu.[9]
Reference
[уреди | уреди извор]- ^ Wells, JC (2008), „Wesley”, Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd изд.), Harlow, UK: Pearson, „The founder of Methodism was actually /ˈwɛsli/, though often pronounced as /ˈwɛzli/”.
- ^ Мишић, Милан, ур. (2005). Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ. Београд: Народна књига : Политика. стр. 42. ISBN 86-331-2112-3.
- ^ Thorsen, Don (2005). The Wesleyan Quadrilateral. Emeth Press. стр. 97. ISBN 1-59731-043-3.
- ^ „John & Charles Wesley”. satucket.com.
- ^ „Great Britons 11–100”. BBC via Wayback Machine. Архивирано из оригинала 4. 12. 2002. г. Приступљено 1. 8. 2012.
- ^ „John Wesley at Epworth”. BBC. Приступљено 16. 1. 2016.
- ^ „History of the Wesleys”. The Epworth Berlls. Архивирано из оригинала 22. 03. 2016. г. Приступљено 16. 1. 2016.
- ^ Ratcliffe, Richard. „The Family of JOHN and CHARLES WESLEY”. My Methodist History. Приступљено 25. 8. 2018.
- ^ Johnson, Paul (29. 9. 2002). „Was there madness in his Methodism?”. Telegraph. Приступљено 25. 8. 2018.
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- The Methodist Church (2019). „History: Social Justice”. Methodist Church in Britain. Архивирано из оригинала 05. 10. 2016. г. Приступљено 13. 12. 2019.
- The Methodist Church (2011). „The Holy Club”. The Methodist Church in Britain. Архивирано из оригинала 05. 12. 2023. г. Приступљено 13. 12. 2019.
- The New Room (2017). „New Room Archives”. The New Room Bristol, John Wesley's Chapel. Архивирано из оригинала 20. 7. 2018. г. Приступљено 20. 7. 2018.
- Tooley, Mark (2014). „John Wesley and Religious Freedom”. First Things. Приступљено 13. 12. 2015.
- Tucker, Karen B. Westerfield (јул 1996). „John Wesley's Prayer Book Revision: The Text in Context” (PDF). Methodist History. General Commission on Archives and History, United Methodist Church. 34 (4): 230—247. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 4. 9. 2015. г. Приступљено 14. 10. 2014.
- UMC of Indiana (2019). „The Christmas Gift: A New Church”. The United Methodist Church of Indiana. Архивирано из оригинала 11. 12. 2019. г. Приступљено 11. 12. 2019.
- Williams, Robert J. (2012). „Marking John Wesley's birthday in his words”. UM News. Приступљено 13. 12. 2019.
- Wesley, Cindy (2015). „What have the sermons of John Wesley ever done for us? John Wesley's sermons and Methodist doctrine” (PDF). Holiness. Cambridge: Wesley House. 1 (1): 131—140. ISSN 2058-5969. Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 2022-10-09. г.
- Wesley's Chapel (2017). „History”. Wesleysheritage.org.uk. Wesley's Chapel and Leysian Mission. Приступљено 4. 2. 2021.
- Yoon, Young Hwi (2012). „The Spread of Antislavery Sentiment through Proslavery Tracts in the Transatlantic Evangelical Community, 1740s–1770s”. Church History. 81 (2): 355. S2CID 154362919. doi:10.1017/S0009640712000637.
- Abraham, William J., Wesley for Armchair Theologians, 2005
- Benge, Janet and Geoff. John Wesley: The World His Parish. Seattle, WA.: YWAM Publishing, 2011, cop. 2007. 190 p. ISBN 978-1-57658-382-1[мртва веза]
- Blackman, Francis 'Woodie', "John Wesley 300: Pioneers, Preachers and Practitioners". 2003. ISBN 976-8080-61-2.
- Borgen, Ole E. John Wesley on the Sacraments: a Theological Study. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Francis Asbury Press, 1985, cop. 1972. 307 p. ISBN 0-310-75191-8.
- Burge, Janet (1996). Women Preachers in Community: Sarah Ryan, Sarah Crosby, Mary Bosanquet. Foundery Press. ISBN 9781858520629.
- Burton, Vicki Tolar (2008). Spiritual Literacy in John Wesley's Methodism: Reading, Writing, and Speaking to Believe. Baylor University Press. ISBN 9781602580237.
- Chilcote, Paul Wesley (1991). John Wesley and the Women Preachers of Early Methodism. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810824140.
- Sarah Crosby
- Collins, Kenneth J., Wesley on Salvation: A Study in the Standard Sermons, 1989
- Collins, Kenneth J., The Scripture Way of Salvation: The Heart of John Wesley's Theology, 1997
- Collins, Kenneth J., The Theology of John Wesley: Holy Love and the Shape of Grace, 2007
- Eason, Andrew (2003). Women in God's Army: Gender and Equality in the Early Salvation Army. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 9780889208216.
- English, John C. (oktobar 1994). „'Dear Sister': John Wesley and the Women of Early Methodism”. Methodist History. 33.1: 26—33.
- Hammond, Geordan (2014). John Wesley in America: Restoring Primitive Christianity. ISBN 978-0-19-870160-6.
- Harper, Steve, The Way to Heaven: The Gospel According to John Wesley, 1983, 2003.
- Jennings, Daniel R., The Supernatural Occurrences of John Wesley, 2005.
- Jensen, Carolyn Passig (2013). The Spiritual Rhetoric of Early Methodist Women: Susanna Wesley, Sarah Crosby, Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, and Hester Rogers (Теза).
- Lindström, Harald, Wesley and Sanctification: A Study in the Doctrine of Salvation, 1946, 1980
- Lloyd, Jennifer (2009). Women and the Shaping of British Methodism: Persistent Preachers, 1807-1907. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-1-84779-323-2. JSTOR j.ctt155j83t.
- Maddox, Randy L. and Vickers, Jason E. (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to John Wesley, 2010
- Oden, Thomas, John Wesley's Scriptural Christianity: A Plain Exposition of His Teaching on Christian Doctrine, 1994
- Synan, Vinson, The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the Twentieth Century, 1997
- Tucker, Ruth A. (2010). Daughters of the Church: Women and Ministry from New Testament Times to the Present. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan. ISBN 9780310877462.
- Vickers, Jason E., Wesley: A Guide for the Perplexed, 2009.
- Collins, Kenneth J. ed. A Wesley Bibliography (5th ed, First Fruits Press, 2016). online; 301pp of titles of sources, editions, books, articles, dissertations, etc.
Spoljašnje veze
[уреди | уреди извор]- John Wesley at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
- John Wesley на сајту Пројекат Гутенберг (језик: енглески)
- Džon Vesli на сајту Internet Archive (језик: енглески)
- Džon Vesli на сајту LibriVox (језик: енглески)
- Selected text from the Journal of John Wesley on A Vision of Britain through Time, with links to the places named.
- John Wesley as a British abolitionist
- John Wesley and the Anglo-Catholic Revival, by G.W. Taylor 1905 article.
- „Wesley Center Online”. Wesley Center for Applied Theology. Northwest Nazarene University. Архивирано из оригинала 11. 01. 2008. г. Приступљено 09. 11. 2019.
- John Wesley papers, 1735-1791 at Pitts Theology Library, Candler School of Theology
- John Wesley historical marker in Savannah, Georgia
- A Man Named Wesley Passed This Way historical marker at St. Simons Island, Georgia
- Reverends John & Charles Wesley historical marker
- The World Is My Parish historical marker
- Ride! Ride! - The Wesley Musical