Činua Ačebe

Činua Ačebe
Činua Ačebe
	Činua Ačebe 2008.
Lični podaci
Puno ime	Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe
Datum rođenja	16. novembar 1930.
Mesto rođenja	Ogidi, Britanska Nigerija
Datum smrti	21. mart 2013. (82 god.)
Mesto smrti	Boston, Masačusets, SAD
Državljanstvo	Nigerija
Nacionalnost	Nigerija
Zanimanje	Pisac i učitelj
Književni rad
Najvažnija dela	'`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000000-QINU`' Afrička trilogija:; —Things Fall Apart; —No Longer at Ease; —Arrow of God; A Man of the People; Anthills of the Savannah;

Činua Ačebe, rođen kao Albert Chinualumogu Achebe (engl. Chinua Achebe, 16. novembar 1930 – 21. mart 2013) bio je nigerijski romanopisac, pesnik i kritičar.^[1]^[2] Najpoznatiji je po svom debitantskom romanu Things Fall Apart (1958),^[3]^[1] koji se smatra najčitanijom knjigom moderne afričke književnosti.^[4]

Odrastao je u hrišćanskoj porodici u Igbo selu Ogidi na jugu Nigerije, te se uspehom u školi izborio za univerzitetsku stipendiju.^[5] Postao je fasciniran svetskim religijama i tradicionalnim afričkim kulturama, i za vreme studija je počeo da piše. Nakon diplomiranja radio je za nigerijsku radio-televizijsku kuću Nigerian Broadcasting Service te se preselio u Lagos. Stekao je svetsku slavu romanom Things Fall Apart kasnih 1950-ih; sledili su romani No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (Човек из народа, 1966)^[1] i Anthills of the Savannah (1987). Ačebe je romane pisao na engleskom, i branio je svoju upotrebu tog jezika od onih koji su ga kao jezika kolonizatora smatrali neprimerenim afričkoj književnosti. Godine 1975. izazvao je kontroverzu predavanjem An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" u kome je pisca Džozefa Konrada optužio za rasizam.

Kada se oblast Bijafra godine 1967. otcepila od Nigerije, Ačebe je postao vatreni zagovornik nezavisnosti i ambasador nove države. Tada je u zapadnim državama molio za pomoć kako bi pomogao svom narodu napaćenom ratom i glađu. Nakon završetka rata i nigerijskog preuzimanja Bijafre, Ačebe se kraće vreme bavio lokalnom politikom, ali je od nje odustao zgađenjen elitizmom i korupcijom. Neko vreme je živeo u SAD, a godine 1990. se nakon što je paralizovan u saobraćajnoj nesreći, vratio u Nigeriju.

Ačebeovi romani se najviše bave tradicijama i običajima Igbo društva,^[6] efektima dolaska hrišćanstva, kao i sukobom različitih vrednosnih sistema za vreme i nakon kolonizacije. Stil mu se temelji na narodnim pričama Igboa i kombinuje standardno pripovedanje s poslovicama i govorima. Osim romana je pisao i novele, dečje knjige i eseje. Posle je predavao jezike i književnost na Bard koledžu u Anandejlu na Hadsonu u američkoj državi Njujork.

Spisak radova

Novele

Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books. 1994 [1958]. ISBN 9780385474542.
No Longer at Ease. 1960. ISBN 978-0385474559. . E.g. Penguin Books, 1994.
Arrow of God. 1964. ISBN 978-0385014809. . E.g. Penguin Books, 2016.
A Man of the People. 1966. ISBN 978-0385086165. . E.g. Penguin Books, 1989.
Anthills of the Savannah. 1987. ISBN 978-0385260459. . New York: Anchor Books, 1998.

Kratke priče

Marriage Is a Private Affair (1952)
Dead Men's Path (1953)
The Sacrificial Egg and Other Stories (1953)
Civil Peace (1971)
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Poezija

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Achebe, Chinua (2004). Collected Poems. Penguin Publishing. ISBN 9781400076581.
Refugee Mother and Child
Vultures

Eseji, kritike, politički komentari

The Novelist as Teacher (1965)
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The Trouble With Nigeria. 1984. ISBN 9781561475. . Reissued by Fourth Dimension Publishing Co., 2000.
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Home and Exile. 2000. ISBN 978-0385721332. . Penguine Books (reprint) 2001.
The Education of a British-Protected Child. 2009. ISBN 978-0385667852. . Anchor Canada 2010.
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Knjige za decu

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Reference

^ ^а ^б ^в Мишић, Милан, ур. (2005). Енциклопедија Британика. А-Б. Београд: Народна књига : Политика. стр. 91. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.
^ Ezenwa-Ohaeto, p. 6.
^ Franklin, Ruth. "After Empire: Chinua Achebe and the Great African Novel". The New Yorker, 26 May 2008. Приступљено 7 December 2010.
^ Ogbaa, p. xv.
^ Brucker, Carl (1992). „Chinua Achebe 1930–”. faculty.atu.edu. Архивирано из оригинала 27. 10. 2016. г. Приступљено 26. 10. 2016.
^ Amobi, Nnamdi Ken (13. 4. 2013). „Chinua Achebe: Ogidi man first, Ogidi man last”. Vanguard. Lagos. Приступљено 18. 1. 2014.

Literatura

Achebe, Chinua (1965). „English and the African Writer”. Transition. 18: 27—30. ISSN 0041-1191. .
Achebe, Chinua (1975). Morning Yet on Creation Day. London: Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 978-0-435-18026-3. .
Achebe, Chinua (1989). Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-24730-6. .
Achebe, Chinua (1994). Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0-385-47454-2. .
Agetua, John (ed.) (1977). Critics on Chinua Achebe, 1970–76. Benin City, Nigeria: Bendel Newspapers Corp.
Azohu, Virginia "Culture and the Frontiers of Language". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5. . Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
Bestman, A. M. (2012). "Reading Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart through the Womanist lens: The imperative of the female principle". In C. Anyadike and K. A. Ayoola (eds), Blazing the Path: Fifty Years of Things Fall Apart (155–173). Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc.
Bicknell, Catherine "Achebe's Women: Mothers, Priestesses, And Young Urban Professionals". In Ihekweazu, Edith, Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5. . Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
Booker, M. Keith; Gikandi, Simon (2003). The Chinua Achebe Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-3-8255-0021-4. .
Clarke, Nana Ayebia, and James Currey (2014). Chinua Achebe: Tributes & Reflections. Banbury, Oxfordshire: Ayebia Clarke Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0956930767. .
Corley, Í (2009). „Conjecture, hypermasculinity, and disavowal in Things Fall Apart”. Interventions. 11 (2): 203—211. .
Döring, Tobias (1996). Chinua Achebe und Joyce Cary. Ein postkoloniales Rewriting englischer Afrika-Fiktionen. Pfaffenweiler, Germany: Centaurus. ISBN 978-0-7618-1721-5. .
Egar, Emmanuel Edame (2000). The Rhetorical Implications of Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart". Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-1721-5. .
Egejuru, Phanuel "Orethory Okwu Oka: A Neglected Technique in Achebe's Literary Artistry". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5. . Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
Egejuru, Phanuel Akubueze (2001). Chinua Achebe: Pure and Simple, an Oral Biography. Stoke-on-Trent: Malthouse Press. ISBN 978-978-023-148-4. .
Ekwe-Ekwe, Herbert (2001). African Literature in Defence of History: An Essay on Chinua Achebe. Dakar: African Renaissance. ISBN 978-1-903625-10-1. .
Emenyonu, Ernest N. (1991). Petersen, Kirsten Holst, and Anna Rutherford, ур. Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Oxford, England: Dangaroo Press. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0. .
Emenyonu, Ernest N. "Foreword: For Whom The Honour Is Due". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5. . Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
Emenyonu, Ernest N., ур. (2004). Emerging Perspectives on Chinua Achebe. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-876-7. (v. 1). ISBN 978-0-86543-878-1. (v. 2).
Ezenwa-Ohaeto (1997). Chinua Achebe: A Biography. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33342-1. .
Franklin, Ruth. "After Empire: Chinua Achebe and the Great African Novel". The New Yorker, 26 May 2008. Приступљено 7 December 2010.
Gera, Anjali (2001). Three Great African Novelists. New Delhi: Creative Books. ISBN 978-81-86318-79-9. .
Gikandi, Simon (1991). Reading Chinua Achebe: Language and Ideology in Fiction. London: James Currey. ISBN 978-0-85255-527-9. .
„The 100 greatest non-fiction books”. The Guardian. 14. 6. 2011. Приступљено 22. 11. 2011.
Innes, Catherine Lynette (1990). Chinua Achebe. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521356237.
Innes, C. L., and Bernth Lindfors, ур. (1978). Critical Perspectives on Chinua Achebe. Washington: Three Continents Press. ISBN 978-0-914478-45-4. .
Jaya Lakshmi, Rao V (2003). Culture and Anarchy in the Novels of Chinua Achebe. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot. .
Jeyifo, B (1993). „Okonkwo and his mother: Things Fall Apart and issues of gender in the constitution of African postcolonial discourse”. Callaloo. 16 (4): 847—858. .
July, Robert W. (1987). An African Voice. Durham (NC): Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-0769-3. .
Killam, G. D. (1977). The Writings of Chinua Achebe. London: Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 978-0-435-91665-7. .
Laurence, Margaret (2001). Long Drums and Cannons: Nigerian Dramatists and Novelists, 1952–1966. Alberta: University of Alberta Press. ISBN 978-0-88864-332-2. .
Lawtoo, Nidesh (2013). „A Picture of Africa: Frenzy, Counternarrative, Mimesis.”. Modern Fictions Studies. 59 (1): 26—52. 2013. .
Lindfors, Bernth (1982). Early Nigerian Literature. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-8419-0740-9. .
Mezu, Rose Ure (2006). Chinua Achebe: The Man and His Works. London: Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905068-21-0. .
Naydenova, Natalia, Salihou Camara (2013). Littérature africaine et identité: un hommage à Chinua Achebe. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-343-01253-7. .
Niven, Alistair (1991). „Chinua Achebe and the Possibility of Modern Tragedy”. Ур.: Petersen, Kirsten Holst, and Anna Rutherford, eds. Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Oxford, England: Dangaroo Press. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0. .
Njoku, Benedict Chiaka (1984). The Four Novels of Chinua Achebe: A Critical Study. New York: P. Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-0154-6. .
Nnolim, Charles "The Artist in Search of The Right Leadership: Achebe As A Social Critic". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5. . Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
Ogbaa, Kalu (1999). Understanding Things Fall Apart. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30294-7. .
Ogede, Ode (2001). Achebe and the Politics of Representation: Form Against Itself, From Colonial Conquest and Occupation to Post-Independence Disillusionment. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-774-6. .
Ojinmah, Umelo (1991). Chinua Achebe: New Perspectives. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited. ISBN 978-978-2461-16-2. .
Okpewho, Isidore, ур. (2003). Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart": A Casebook. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514763-6. .
Petersen, Kirsten Holst; Rutherford, Anna (1991). Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0.
Sallah, Tijan M.; Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (2003). Chinua Achebe, Teacher of Light: A Biography. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-1-59221-031-2. .
Shamim, Amna (2013). Colonial/Postcolonial Paradigms in Chinua Achebe's Novels (TFA & AOG). Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN 978-3-659-35098-6. .
Tredell, Nicolas Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness. New York. Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness. Columbia University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-231-11923-8. .
Udumukwu, O. "Violence against Achebe's women: Onkonkwo and 'The Gun that Never Shot'". In Helen Chukwuma (ed.), Achebe's Women: Imagism and Power. Trenton: Africa World Press. 2012. (201–221).
Yankson, Kofi E (1990). Chinua Achebe's Novels: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Pacific Publishers. ISBN 978-978-2347-79-4. . Uruowulu-Obosi, Nigeria. .
Yousaf, Nahem (2003). Chinua Achebe. Tavistock: Northcote House in Association with the British Council. ISBN 978-0-7463-0885-1. .

Spoljašnje veze

Chinua Achebe Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (8. јул 2013) reads the first two chapters of Things Fall Apart at PEN American Center Event: Faith & Reason: Writers Speak Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (24. септембар 2015), 2006
"A Tribute to Chinua Achebe" Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (24. септембар 2015) from PEN American Center, 2008
Chinua Achebe на сајту ISFDb (језик: енглески)
"Chinua Achebe: The Spirit Lives". Tribute to Chinua Achebe by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Leeds African Studies Bulletin 75 (Winter 2013/14), pp. 51–53.
Ed Pilkington, "A long way from home". Interview in The Guardian, 10 July 2007
"Chinua Achebe, The Art of Fiction No. 139". Interview by Jerome Brooks in The Paris Review, 1994
Guide to Chinua Achebe papers at Houghton Library, Harvard University
FBI file on Chinua Achebe at the Internet Archive
Chinua Achebe facts in Hindi
Chinua Achebe на сајту LCCN, са 78 каталошких евиденција

[британика_1-1] а ^б ^в Мишић, Милан, ур. (2005). Енциклопедија Британика. А-Б. Београд: Народна књига : Политика. стр. 91. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.

[EO_6-2] Ezenwa-Ohaeto, p. 6.

[3] Franklin, Ruth. "After Empire: Chinua Achebe and the Great African Novel". The New Yorker, 26 May 2008. Приступљено 7 December 2010.

[4] Ogbaa, p. xv.

[arkansastech-5] Brucker, Carl (1992). „Chinua Achebe 1930–”. faculty.atu.edu. Архивирано из оригинала 27. 10. 2016. г. Приступљено 26. 10. 2016.

[6] Amobi, Nnamdi Ken (13. 4. 2013). „Chinua Achebe: Ogidi man first, Ogidi man last”. Vanguard. Lagos. Приступљено 18. 1. 2014.

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