Bilateria

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladi (2): Nephrozoa – Xenacoelomorpha
[Source: Cannon et al. (2016)]

Genera: †Kimberella

Bilateria Hatschek, 1888

• Triploblasts Lankester, 1873

• Hatschek, B. 1888–1891. Lehrbuch der Zoologie, eine morphologische Übersicht des Thierreiches zur Einführung in das Studium dieser Wissenschaft. Jena, Gustav Fischer. vol. 1 [1888], pp. i-iv, 1–144, vol. 2 [1889], pp. 145–304; vol. 3 [1891], pp. 305–432. BHL. Reference page. 

• Balavoine, G. & Adoutte, A. 1998. One or three Cambrian radiations? Science 280(5362): 397–398. DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5362.397  . Reference page. 
• Cannon, J.T., Vellutini, B.C., Smith, J., Ronquist, F., Jondelius, U. & Hejnol, A. 2016. Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa. Nature 530 (7588): 89–93. DOI: 10.1038/nature16520  . Reference page. 
• Hejnol, A., Obst, M., Stamatakis, A., Ott, M., Rouse, G.W., Edgecombe, G.D., Martinez, P., Baguñà, J., Bailly, X., Jondelius, U., Wiens, M., Müller W.E.G., Seaver, E., Wheer, W.C., Martindale, M.Q., Giribet, G. & Dunn, C.W. 2009. Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods. Proceedings of the Royal Society (B) 276(1677): 4261–4270. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0896  . Reference page. 
• Jondelius, U., Ruiz-Trillo, I., Baguñà, J. & Riutort, M. 2002. The Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians and not members of the Platyhelminthes. Zoologica Scripta 31(2): 201–215. DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00090.x  . Reference page. 
• Lartillot, N. & Philippe, H. 2008. Improvement of molecular phylogenetic inference and the phylogeny of Bilateria. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363: 1463–1472. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2236  . Reference page. 
• Paps, J., Baguñà, J. & Riutort, M. 2009. Bilaterian phylogeny: a broad sampling of 13 nuclear genes provides a new Lophotrochozoa phylogeny and supports a paraphyletic basal Acoelomorpha. Molecular Biology and Evolution 26(10): 2397–2406. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msp150  . Reference page. 
• Rieger, R. & Ladurner, P. 2001. Searching for the stem species of the Bilateria. Belgian Journal of Zoology 131(supplement 1): 27–34. PDF. Reference page. 
• Wallberg, A., Curini-Galletti, M., Ahmadzadeh, A. & Jondelius, U. 2007. Dismissal of Acoelomorpha: Acoela and Nemertodermatida are separate early bilaterian clades. Zoologica Scripta 36(5): 509–523. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00295.x  . Reference page. 
• Zrzavý, J. 2002. Gastrotricha and metazoan phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta 32(1): 61–81. DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00104.x  . Reference page.