Zoznam vládcov starovekého Egypta
Toto je zoznam staroegyptských vládcov, ktorý zahŕňa domácich kráľov, spravidla faraónov, a cudzích panovníkov, ktorí v určitom historickom období ovládali celý štát alebo určitú jeho časť. Rímski a byzantskí panovníci nie sú jeho súčasťou. Zoznam nie je uzatvorený. Problematika tvarov mien je tiež vecou vývoja ako aj miestnej konvencie, v tomto zozname sú mená v podobe, ako ich pozná domáca česko-slovenská egyptologická škola.[1]
V prvom stĺpci (R) sa nachádza schematické radenie panovníkov do príslušných období. Pri časti mien sa v tomto stĺpci nachádza symbol ■, ktorý značí, že poznáme aspoň približné relatívne chronologické zaradenie panovníka (obyčajne z určitého dobového kráľovského zoznamu). Bez tohoto znaku je panovník nezaradený, jeho miesto v dynastickej postupnosti je veľmi neisté alebo úplne neznáme a vieme o jeho časovom umiestnení len to, že patrí do príslušného obdobia. V druhom stĺpci (zaužívané meno) sa nachádza dnešný konvenčný tvar mena panovníka, ktorý nemusí úplne korešpondovať so súčasnou transkripciou staroegyptčiny. V zátvorke je alternatívny, menej častý tvar. V treťom stĺpci (#) je príslušná dynastia (obdobie), a ak je známe aj fixné miesto panovníka v dynastickej postupnosti s poradovým číslom (príklady: „09/10“ – 9. alebo 10. dynastia; „18:05“ – 18. dynastia, 5. panovník; „2po“ – Druhé prechodné obdobie). V ďalšom stĺpci (datovanie) je len informatívne uvedené približné obdobie panovania, v tomto prípade podľa Jürgena von Beckerath. Všetky roky sú z letopočtu pred Kristom, od roku 664 pred Kr. je datovanie na rok presné. Ostatné tri stĺpce uvádzajú prvé tri mená z tutulatúry panovníka (trónne meno (lat. praenomen), vlastné meno (lat. nomen) a Horovo meno).
Poznámky:
- Niektoré chronológie uvádzajú na začiatku historických dejín Egypta (preddynastické obdobie a obdobie 0. dynastie) niekoľko ďalších kráľov, ktorých existencia a poradie je v súčasnosti sporná. Tieto postavy vyplynuli z interpretácií nových nálezov z 90-tych rokov 20. storočia.
- Označovanie časového poradia pri rovnakých panovníckych menách (rímske číslo) nie je v niektorých prípadoch ustálené. Takéto čísla sa uvádzajú v zátvorkách a panovníci sa rozlišujú pomocou tronného alebo Horovho mena, ktoré sa v tomto prípade pridáva.
Historické obdobia
[upraviť | upraviť zdroj]Dejiny sú tradične členené podľa klasického delenia, ktoré vychádza z Manetónovych tridsiatich staroegyptských dynastií; datovanie je podľa práce Jürgena von Beckerath.[2] Schematické farby období sú volené podľa konvencie Wikipédie:
Farba | Datovanie | Obdobie |
---|---|---|
plum | 4300/4200–3032/2982 | Preddynastické obdobie |
skyblue | 3032/2982–2707/2657 | Ranodynastické obdobie |
sandybrown | 2707/2657–2170/2120 | Stará ríša |
crimson | 2170/2120–2025/2020 | Prvé prechodné obdobie |
gold | 2025/2020–1794/1793 | Stredná ríša |
red | 1794/1793–1550 | Druhé prechodné obdobie |
palegoldenrod | 1550–1070/69 | Nová ríša |
lightcoral | 1070/69–664 | Tretie prechodné obdobie |
palegreen | 664–332 | Neskoré obdobie |
aquamarine | od 332 | Grécko-rímske obdobie, vrátane Ptolemaiovského obdobia |
Zoznam
[upraviť | upraviť zdroj]R | Zaužívané meno | # | Datovanie | Trónne meno | Vlastné meno | Hor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
…a | — | …a | ||||
…pu | — | …pu | ||||
Ceš | — | Ceš | ||||
Chaju | — | Chaju | ||||
Mech | — | Mech | ||||
Neheb | — | Neheb | ||||
Seka | — | Seka | ||||
Tiu | — | Tiu | ||||
Vadžin | — | Vadžin | ||||
??? | 00 | ??? | ||||
Dvojitý Hor“ | „00 | Nebuj(?) | ||||
A(?) | 00 | A(?) | ||||
De | 00 | De | ||||
Hat („Lev“) | 00 | Hat | ||||
Hedžu | 00 | Hedžu | ||||
Irej | 00 | Iri | ||||
Ka/Sechen | 00 | Ka/Sechen | ||||
Ni | 00 | Ni | ||||
Nineit | 00 | Nineit | ||||
Pe | 00 | Pe | ||||
Penabu („Slon“) | 00 | Penabu | ||||
Selk(?) I. („Škorpión I.“) | 00 | Selk(?) | ||||
Sema | 00 | Sema | ||||
Šendet („Krokodíl“) | 00 | Šendet | ||||
■ | Selk(?) II. („Škorpión II.“) | 00 | Selk(?) | |||
■ | Narmer („Sumec“) | 00 | (Meni)? | Nar; Narmer; Narmercaj | ||
■ | Meni / Aha | 01 | 3030/2982–3000/2950 | Meni? | Aha | |
■ | Teti I. | 01 | 3000/2950–2999/2949 | Teti | (Aha)? | |
■ | Džer | 01 | 2999/2949–2952/2902 | Iteti | Džer | |
■ | Vadži (Džet) | 01 | 2952/2902–2939/2889 | Ita | Džet; Vadž(i) | |
■ | Den | 01 | 2939/2889–2892/2842 | Chasti; Semtej | Den | |
■ | Adžib | 01 | 2892/2842–2886/2836 | Merbiape | Merbiape; Merbiape; Merbiapen | Andžib |
■ | Semerchet | 01 | 2886/2836–2878/2828 | Irinecer; Semsu/Semsem | Semerchet | |
■ | Kaa | 01 | 2878/2828–2853/2803 | Kebh; Kebhu | Kaa | |
Merneit | 01 | Merneit | ||||
Seneferka | 01/02 | Seneferka; Neferseka | ||||
■ | Hetepsechemuej | 02 | 2853/2803–2825/2775 | Hetep | Bedžau; Baunecer | Hetepsechemuej |
■ | Raneb (Nebre) | 02 | 2825/2775–2810/2760 | Nubnefer | Kakau | Raneb/Nebre |
■ | Ninecer | 02 | 2810/2760–2767/2717 | Ninecer | Baneceru; Baneceren; Ninecer | Ninecer |
■ | Vadžnes | 02 | 2767/2717–2760/2710 | Vadžnes; Veneg | ||
■ | Chasechemuej | 02 | 2734/2684–2707/2657 | Džadžaj; Bebi; Bebti; Chasechemuej‑hetepnecerujimef | Chasechem; Chasechemuej; Chasechemuejnebuj‑hetepimef | |
Hudžefa I.“ | „02 | 2736/2686–2734/2684 | Hudžefa | Hudžefa | ||
Ba | 01/02 | Ba | ||||
Neferkare I. | 02 | 2749/2699–2744/2694 | Neferka | Neferkare; (Aaka) | ||
Neferkasokar | 02 | 2744/2694–2736/2686 | Neferkasokar | Neferkasokar | ||
Nebnofer (Nubnefer) | 02 | Nebnofer | ||||
Sechemib | 02 | 2760/2710–2749/2699 | Sechemib; Sechemib‑perenmaat; Sechemib‑perenmaat | |||
Peribsen | 02 | 2749/2699–2734/2684 | Peribsen | Peribsen | ||
Senedž | 02 | Sened; Senedži | ||||
■ | Sanacht (Nebka) | 03 | 2707/2657–2690/2640 | Nebka; Neferkare | Sanacht | |
■ | Necerichet (Džoser) | 03 | 2707/2657–2690/2640 | Necerichetnebu | Nubhor; Džoser(sa) | Necerichet |
■ | Sechemchet (Džoserti) | 03 | 2670/2620–2663/2613 | Hetepren; Džoserteti; Teti(?); Džoserti | Sechemchet | |
■ | Chaba | 03 | 2663/2613–2639/2589 | Chaba | ||
■ | Hunej | 03 | 2663/2613–2639/2589 | Hunej; Hu; Nisuteh; Huj; Neferkare | ||
Hudžefa II.“ | „03 | Hudžefa | Hudžefa | |||
Kahedžet | 03 | 2663/2613–2639/2589 | Kahedžet | |||
Mesochris | 03 | |||||
Sedžes | 03 | Sedžes | ||||
Šaru | 03/04 | |||||
■ | Snofru | 04 | 2639/2589–2604/2554 | Snofru | Nebmaat | |
■ | Chufu | 04 | 2604/2554–2581/2531 | Chufu; Chnumchufu | Medžedu | |
■ | Radžedef (Džedefre) | 04 | 2581/2531–2572/2522 | Radžedef/Džedefre | Cheper | |
■ | Rachef (Chafre) | 04 | 2572/2522–2546/2496 | Rachef/Chafre; Veserib‑rachef | Veserib | |
■ | Menkaure | 04 | 2539/2489–2511/2461 | Menkaure | Kachet | |
■ | Šepseskaf | 04 | 2511/2461–2506/2456 | Šepšeskaf | Šepsechet | |
Bicheris | 04 | 2546/2496–2539/2489 | ||||
Baka (Bikka) | 04 | Baka; Setka/Sutechka; Bikka(?) | ||||
Baufre | 04 | Baufre | ||||
Hardžedef (Džedefhor) | 04 | Hardžedef | ||||
Tamptis | 04 | 2506/2456–2504/2454 | ||||
■ | Veserkaf | 05:01 | 2504/2454–2496/2446 | Veserkaf | Irimaat | |
■ | Sahure | 05:02 | 2496/2446–2483/2433 | Sahure | Nebchau | |
■ | Neferirkare Kakai | 05:03 | 2483/2433–2463/2413 | Neferirkare | Kakai | Veserchau |
■ | Raneferef (Neferefre) | 05:05 | 2456/2406–2445/2395 | Raneferef/Neferefre; Chaneferre | Isi | Chaunefer |
■ | Šepseskare | 05:04 | 2463/2413–2456/2406 | Šepseskare | Neceruser | Sechemchau |
■ | Niuserre | 05:06 | 2445/2395–2414/2364 | Niuserre | Ini | Setibtauej |
■ | Menkauhor | 05:07 | 2414/2364–2405/2355 | Menkauhor | Kaui; Ikauhor | Menchau |
■ | Džedkare Isesi | 05:08 | 2405/2355–2367/2317 | Džedkare; Džedkahor; Džed; Maatkare | Isesi | Džedchau |
■ | Venis | 05:09 | 2367/2317–2347/2297 | Venis | Venis | Vadžatauej |
■ | Teti II. | 06:01 | 2347/2297–2337/2287 | Teti | Seheteptauej | |
■ | Veserkare | 06:02 | 2337/2287–2335/2285 | Veserkare | ||
■ | Pepi I. | 06:03 | 2335/2885–2285/2235 | Merire; Nefersahor | Pepi | Meritauej |
■ | Merenre I. | 06:04 | 2285/2235–2279/2229 | Mer(i)enre | Nemtiemsaf | Anchchau |
■ | Pepi II. | 06:05 | 2279/2229–2219/2169 | Neferkare | Pepi | Necerchau |
■ | Merenre II. | 06:06 | 2219/2169–2218/2168 | Mer(i)enre‑nemtiemsaf | Nemtiemsaf | |
■ | Neitokret (Necerkare) | 06:07 | 2218/2168–2216/2166 | Necerkare/Neitokret Siptah | ||
■ | Menkare | 07/08 | Menkare | |||
■ | Neferkare II. | 07/08 | Neferkare | |||
■ | Neferkare Nebi | 07/08 | Neferkare‑nebi | Neferkare‑nebi | ||
■ | Džedkare Šemaj | 07/08 | Džedkare‑šemaj | Džedkare‑šemaj | ||
■ | Neferkare Chendu | 07/08 | Neferkare‑chendu | |||
■ | Merenhor | 07/08 | Merenhor | |||
■ | Neferkamin | 07/08 | Neferkamin; Seneferka | Neferkamin | ||
■ | Nikare | 07/08 | Nikare | Nikare | ||
■ | Neferkare Tereru | 07/08 | Neferkare‑tereru | Tereru | ||
■ | Neferkahor | 07/08 | Neferkahor | |||
■ | Neferkare Pepiseneb | 07/08 | Neferkare‑pepiseneb | |||
■ | Neferkamin Anu | 07/08 | Nefer | Neferkamin‑anu | ||
■ | Kakare Ibi | 07/08 | Kakare | Ibi | ||
■ | Neferkaure | 07/08 | Neferkaure | Cha… | ||
■ | Neferkauhor Chuiujhapi | 07/08 | Neferkauhor | Chuiujhapi; Pu(?)…hapi | Neceribau | |
■ | Neferirkare Džemedžibtauej | 07/08 | Neferirkare | Demedžibtauej | ||
Hotep | 07/08 | …re | Hotep | |||
Chuj | 07/08 | Chuj | ||||
Ijcenu | 07/08 | Ijcenu | ||||
Imhotep | 07/08 | Imhotep | ||||
Isu | 07/08 | Isu | ||||
Sechem(?)kare / Anch(?)kare | 07/08 | Sechem(?)kare / Anch(?)kare | ||||
Vadžkare | 07/08 | Vadžkare | Demedžibtauej | |||
■ | Meribre Chetej (I.) | 09/10 | 2170/2120–… | Mer(i)ibre | Chetej | Mer(i)ibtauej |
■ | Neferkare III. | 09/10 | Neferkare | |||
■ | Vahkare Chetej (II.) | 09/10 | Vahkare | Chetej | ||
■ | Senen… | 09/10 | Senen… | |||
■ | Neferkare Chetej (III.) | 09/10 | Chetej‑neferkare | |||
■ | Merikare Chetej (IV.) | 09/10 | Meri[ka?](re)-chetej | |||
■ | Šed…ej | 09/10 | Šed…ej | |||
■ | H… | 09/10 | H… | |||
■ | Nebkaure Chetej (V.) | 09/10 | Chetej‑nebkaure‑anchdžet | Chetej‑nebkaure‑anchdžet | ||
■ | Merikare | 09/10 | …–2025/2020 | Merikare | ||
Iti | 09/10 | Iti | ||||
Meri…[hathor?] | 09/10 | Meri…[hathor?] | ||||
Se…re Chetej | 09/10 | Se…re Chetej | ||||
■ | Mentuhotep I. | 11 | 2119–? | Mentuhotep(aa) | Tepia | |
■ | Antef I. | 11 | ?–2103 | Antef | Sehertauej | |
■ | Antef II. | 11 | 2103–2054 | Antef(aa) | Vahanch | |
■ | Antef III. | 11 | 2054–2046 | Antef | Nachtnebtepnefer; Nebtepnefer | |
Kakare Antef | 11 | Kakare | An(tef); Sereini | Senefertauif | ||
Antef | 11 | (Iripathat) Antef/Intef | ||||
Ijibchentre Antef | 11 | Ijibchentre | Antef | Gergtauf | ||
Segersenej | 11 | Menechkare | Segersenej | |||
■ | Mentuhotep II. | 11 | 2046–1995 | Nebhepetre | Mentuhotep | Sanchibtauej; Necerihedžet; Šematauej |
■ | Mentuhotep III. | 11 | 1995–1983 | Sanchkare; Seneferkare | Mentuhotep | Sanchtauej |
■ | Mentuhotep IV. | 11 | 1983–1976 | Nebtaueire | Mentuhotep | Nebtauej |
■ | Amenemhet I. | 12:01 | 1976–1947 | Sehetepibre | Amenemhet | Sehetepibre → Vehemmesut |
■ | Senusret I. | 12:02 | 1956–1911/10 | Cheperkare | Senusret | Anchmesut |
■ | Amenemhet II. | 12:03 | 1914–1879/1876 | Nebkaure | Amenemhet; Ameni | Hekenemmaat |
■ | Senusret II. | 12:04 | 1882–1872 | Chacheperre | Senusret | Sešemutauej |
■ | Senusret III. | 12:05 | 1872–1853/52 | Chakaure | Senusret | Necercheperu |
■ | Amenemhet III. | 12:06 | 1853–1806/05 | Nimaatre | Amenemhet | Aabau |
■ | Amenemhet IV. | 12:07 | 1807/06–1798/97 | Maatcherure | Amenemhet | Chepercheperu |
■ | Sebeknofru (Nofrusebek) | 12:08 | 1798/97–1794/93 | Sebekkare | Sebeknofru/Nofrusebek | Meritre |
Dedumese I. | 11–15 | Džedhetepre | Dedumes | Vadžchau | ||
Dedumese II. | 11–15 | Džedneferre | Dedumes | |||
Mentuemsaf | 11–15 | Džedanchre | Mentuemsaf | |||
Mentuhotep VI. | 11–15 | Meranchre | Mentuhotep | |||
Senusret IV. | 11–15 | Seneferibre | Senusret | Vehemanch | ||
…hebre | 13–15 | …hebre | ||||
…hetep[re?] | 13–15 | …hetep[re?] | ||||
…sechem[re?] | 13–15 | …sechem[re?] | ||||
…uebenre (a) | 13–15 | …uebenre | ||||
…uebenre (b) | 13–15 | …uebenre | ||||
Aaken | 13–15 | Aaken | ||||
Abija | 13–15 | Abija | ||||
Dedumese | 13–15 | Dedumese | ||||
Hetepkare | 13–15 | Hetepkare | ||||
Cha…re | 13–15 | Cha…re | ||||
Chaenptah | 13–15 | |||||
Mentuuser | 13–15 | Mentuuser | ||||
Merhetepre | 13–15 | Merhetepre | ||||
Meritauej | 13–15 | Meritauej | ||||
Mersechemre | 13–15 | Mersechemre | ||||
Neferhotep | 13–15 | Neferhotep | ||||
Pepi III. | 13–15 | Pepi | ||||
Sobek | 13–15 | Sobek | ||||
Sebekemsaf | 13–15 | Sebekemsaf | ||||
Sebekhotep | 13–15 | Sebekhotep | ||||
Sechemkare II. | 13–15 | Sechemkare | ||||
Sechemre… | 13–15 | Sechemre… | ||||
Sechemre Chutauej | 13–15 | Sechemre‑chutauej | ||||
Sevadž…re | 13–15 | Sevadž…re | ||||
Šarek | 13–15 | Šarek | ||||
Veser…re (a) | 13–15 | Veser…re | ||||
Veser…re (b) | 13–15 | Veser…re | ||||
Veserchau | 13–15 | |||||
■ | Sechemre Chutauej Sebekhotep (I.) | 13 | Sechemre‑chutauej | (Amenemhetsa) Sebekhotep | Menech… | |
■ | Sonbef | 13 | Sechemkare | (Amenemhetsa) Sonbef | Mehibtauej | |
■ | Nerikare | 13 | Nerikare | |||
■ | Amenemhet V. | 13 | Sechemkare | Amenemhet | ||
■ | Kemau | 13 | (Amenisa) Kemau | |||
■ | Harnedžheritef | 13 | Hetepibre; Sehetepibre | (Kemausa) Harnedžheritef | ||
■ | Iufni | 13 | Iufni | |||
■ | Amenemhet VI. | 13 | Sanchibre | (Amenejsa‑Antefsa) Amenemhet | Sehertauej | |
■ | Nebnennu | 13 | Semenkare | Nebnennu | ||
■ | Sehetepibre | 13 | Sehetepibre | Susechtauej | ||
■ | Sevadžkare I. | 13 | Sevadžkare | |||
■ | Nedžemibre | 13 | Nedžemibre | |||
■ | Chaanchre Sebekhotep (II.) | 13 | Chaanchre | Sebekhotep | Sematauej | |
■ | Renseneb (Ranisonb) | 13 | Renseneb/Ranisomb | |||
■ | Hor (I.) | 13 | Auibre | Hor | Hetepibtauej | |
■ | Sechemre Chutauej | 13 | Sechemre‑chutauej | Chabau | ||
■ | Džedcheperu | 13 | …kare | Džedcheperu | ||
■ | Sebkaj | 13 | Sebkaj | |||
■ | Amenemhet VII. | 13 | Sedžefakare | (Kaisa) Amenemhet | Hariteptauej | |
■ | Vegaf | 13 | Chutauejre | Vegaf | Sechemneteru | |
■ | Chendžer | 13 | Veserkare; Veserkare‑nidžerre | Chendžer | Džedcheperu | |
■ | Imiremešau | 13 | Semenchkare | Imiremešau | ||
■ | Sehetepkare Antef (IV.) | 13 | Sehetepkare | Antef | ||
■ | Set (I.) (Set) | 13 | Meribre | …ib[re?]‑sutech/set | ||
■ | Sechemre Sevadžtauej Sebekhotep (III.) | 13 | Sechemre‑sevadžtauej | Sebekhotep | Chautauej | |
■ | Neferhotep I. | 13 | Chasechemre | Neferhotep | Geregtauej | |
■ | Sahathor | 13 | Sahathor(re) | Menuadžre | ||
■ | Chaneferre Sebekhotep (IV.) | 13 | Chaneferre | Sebekhotep | Anchibtauej | |
■ | Chahetepre Sebekhotep (V.) | 13 | Chahetepre | Sebekhotep | ||
■ | Merhetepre Sebekhotep (VI.) | 13 | Merhetepre | Sebekhotep | ||
■ | Ibija (Jaib) | 13 | Vahibre | Ibija | ||
■ | Aj I. | 13 | Merneferre | Aj | ||
■ | Ini I. | 13 | Merhetepre | Ini | ||
■ | Sevadžtu | 13 | Sanchenre‑sevadžtu | Sanchenre‑sevadžtu | ||
■ | Ined | 13 | Mersechemre | Mersechemre‑ined | ||
■ | Sevadžkare Hori | 13 | Sevadžkare | …hori | ||
■ | Merkaure Sebekhotep (VII.) | 13 | Merkaure | Sebekhotep | ||
■ | … | 13 | ||||
■ | Mer…re | 13 | Mer…re | |||
■ | Mercheperre | 13 | Mercheperre | |||
■ | Merkare | 13 | Merkare | |||
■ | … | 13 | ||||
■ | Mentuhotep V. | 13 | Sevadžare | Mentuhotep | ||
■ | …mosre | 13 | …mos[re] | |||
■ | Ibi II. | 13 | …maatre | Ibi | ||
■ | …hor | 13 | …uebenre | …hor | ||
■ | Se…kare | 13 | Se…kare | |||
■ | Sanchptahi | 13 | Sehekenre | Sanchptahi | ||
■ | …re (a) | 13 | …re | |||
■ | Se…enre | 13 | Se…enre | |||
Chuiker | 13 | Chuiker | Meruti | |||
Meršepsesre Ini (III.) | 13 | Meršepsesre | Ini | |||
Neferhotep II. | 13 | Mersechemre | Neferhotep | |||
Pancenej | 13 | Sechemre‑chutauej | P(a)ncenej | |||
Sechaenre | 13 | Sechaenre | ||||
Senaaib | 13 | Menchaure | Senaaib | Sevadžtauej | ||
Senebmiu | 13 | Sevahenre | Senebmiu | |||
Vepuauetemsaf | 13 | Sechemre‑neferchau | Vepauetemsaf | |||
■ | Jakbim | 14 | Sechaenre | Jakbim | ||
■ | Jaammu | 14 | Nubuserre | Jaammu | ||
■ | Kareh | 14 | Chauserre | Kareh | ||
■ | Ammu | 14 | Aahetepre | Ammu | ||
■ | Nehsi | 14 | Aasehre | Nehsi | ||
■ | Chacherure | 14 | Chacherure; Chati(t)re | |||
■ | Nebfaure | 14 | Nebfaure | |||
■ | Sehebre | 14 | Sehebre | |||
■ | Merdžefare | 14 | Merdžefare | |||
■ | Sevadžkare III. | 14 | Sevadžkare | |||
■ | Nebdžefare | 14 | Nebdžefare | |||
■ | Vebenre | 14 | Vebenre | |||
■ | …džefare | 14 | …džedfare | |||
■ | …uebenre (c) | 14 | …uebenre | |||
■ | Auibre (II.) | 14 | Auibre | |||
■ | Heribre | 14 | Heribre | |||
■ | Nebsenre | 14 | Nebsenre | |||
■ | … | 14 | ||||
■ | …re (b) | 14 | …re | |||
■ | Secheperenre | 14 | Secheperenre | |||
■ | Džedcherure | 14 | Džedcherure | |||
■ | Sanchibre | 14 | Sanchibre | |||
■ | Nefertum…re | 14 | Nefertum…re | |||
■ | Sechem…re | 14 | Sechem…re | |||
■ | Kakemetre (Kakemure) | 14 | Kakemetre/Kakemure | |||
■ | Neferibre | 14 | Neferibre | |||
■ | I…re | 14 | I…re | |||
■ | Chakare | 14 | Chakare | |||
■ | Akare | 14 | Akare | |||
■ | Semenenre Hapu | 14 | Semenenre | Hapu… | ||
■ | Džedkare Anati | 14 | Džedkare | (Hor) Anati | ||
■ | Bebnum | 14 | …kare | Bebnum | ||
■ | …re (c) | 14 | …re | |||
■ | …[re] (a) | 14 | …[re] | |||
■ | …[re] (b) | 14 | …[re] | |||
■ | Senefer…re | 14 | Senefer…re | |||
■ | Men…re | 14 | Men…re | |||
■ | Džed…re | 14 | Džed…re | |||
■ | Inek(?) | 14 | Inek(?) | |||
■ | I… | 14 | I… | |||
■ | Ip… | 14 | Ip… | |||
Chamure | 14 | Chamure | ||||
Jakoreb | 14/15 | Jakoreb | ||||
Nuja | 14 | Nuja | ||||
Šeneh | 14 | Šeneh | ||||
Šenšek | 14 | Šenšek | ||||
Vadžed | 14 | Vadžed | ||||
■ | Semken | 15 | (1648/1645–1633/1630) | (Hekachasut) Semken | ||
■ | Aperanati | 15 | (1633/1630–1619/1616) | (Hekachasut) Aper‑anati | ||
■ | Sakirher | 15 | (1619/1616–1610/1607) | (Hekachasut) Sakirher | ||
■ | Chaian | 15 | 1610/1607–1590/1587 | Seuserenre | (Hekachasut) Chaian; Chaian | Inekidbu; Inektauej |
■ | Apopi | 15 | 1590/1587–1549/1546 | Aakenenre; Aauserre; Nebchepešre | Apopi | Seheteptauej |
■ | Chamudi | 15 | 1549/1546–1539/1536 | Hetepibre | (Hekachasut) Chamudi | |
Jakobher | 15 | Meruserre | Jakobher | |||
Šeši | 14/15 | Maaibre | Šeši | |||
■ | Džehuti | 16 | Sechemre‑sementauej | Džehuti | Icemnechet/Iciemnechtu | |
■ | Sechemre Seusertauej Sebekhotep (VIII.) | 16 | Sechemre‑seusertauej | Sebekhotep | ||
■ | Neferhotep III. | 16 | Sechemre‑sanchtauej | Neferhotep; Ijcherneferet | Vadžchau | |
■ | Mentuhotepi (Mentuhotep VII.) | 16 | Sanchenre | Mentuhotepi | ||
■ | Nebirirau I. | 16 | Sevadženre | Nebirirau | Sevadžtauej | |
■ | Nebirirau II. | 16 | Neferkare | Nebirirau | ||
■ | Semenre | 16 | Semen(en)re | |||
■ | Bebianch | 16 | Seuserenre | Bebianch | ||
■ | Sechemre Šeduaset | 16 | Sechemre‑šeduaset | |||
■ | Rahotep (Hetepre) | 17 | ~1640–… | Sechemre‑vahchau | Rahotep/Hetepre | Vahanch |
■ | Sechemre Vadžchau Sebekemsaf (I.) | 17 | Sechemre‑vadžchau | Sebekemsaf | Hetepneceru | |
■ | Sechemre Vepmaat Antef (VI.) | 17 | Sechemre‑vepmaat | Antef(aa) | Vepmaat | |
■ | Nubcheperre Antef (VII.) | 17 | Nubcheperre | Antef | Neferchepru | |
■ | Sechemre Herhermaat Antef (VIII.) | 17 | Sechemre‑herhermaat | Antef(aa) | ||
■ | Sechemre Šedtauej Sebekemsaf (II.) | 17 | Sechemre‑šedtauej; Sechemre‑šedtauej | Sebekemsaf | ||
■ | Senachtenre | 17 | Senachtenre; Sechentenre | Tao‑džehutiaa; Tao‑aaa | ||
■ | Sekenenre | 17 | Sekenenre | Tao | Chaemuaset | |
■ | Kamose | 17 | …–1550 | Vadžcheperre | Kamose; Kamesiuken | Chaihernesetef; Neferchabtauej; Sedžfatauej |
Nebmaatre | 17 | Nebmaatre | ||||
■ | Ahmose I. | 18:01 | 1550–1525 | Nebpehtire | Ahmose | Aacheperu |
■ | Amenhotep I. | 18:02 | 1525–1504 | Džeserkare | Amenhotep | Kauaftauej |
■ | Thutmose I. | 18:03 | 1504–1492 | Aacheperkare | Thutmose/Džehutimes | (Kanechet) Merimaat |
■ | Thutmose II. | 18:04 | 1492–1479 | Aacheperenre | Thutmose/Džehutimes‑neferchau; Thutmose/Džehutimes‑nedžtire | (Kanechet) Veserpechti |
■ | Hatšepsut | 18:05 | 1479/1473–1458/57 | Maatkare | Hatšepsut | Veseretkau |
■ | Thutmose III. | 18:06 | 1479–1425 | Mencheperre | Thutmose/Džehutimes | (Kanechet) Chaiemuaset |
■ | Amenhotep II. | 18:07 | 1428–1397 | Aacheperure | Amenhotep | (Kanechet) Verpeheti |
■ | Thutmose IV. | 18:08 | 1397–1388 | Mencheperure | Thutmose/Džehutimes | (Kanechet) Tutchau |
■ | Amenhotep III. | 18:09 | 1388–1351 | Nebmaatre; Nebmaatre‑iautre | Amenhotep; Amenhotep‑hekauaset; Amenhotep‑neterhekauaset; Amenhotep‑hekauaset‑iautre | (Kanechet) Chaemmaat; (Kanechet) Hekahekau |
■ | Achnaton | 18:10 | 1351–1334 | Nefercheprure‑vaenre | Amenhotep; Amenhotep‑necerhekauaset → Achnaton | (Kanechet) Kaišuti → (Kanechet) Meriaton |
■ | Smenchkare | 18:11 | 1337–1333 | Anchcheperure | Semenchkare‑džesercheperu | |
■ | Nefernefruaton | 18:12 | Anchetcheperure‑mer(it)vaenre | Nefernefruaton‑merivaenre | ||
■ | Tutanchamon | 18:13 | 1333–1323 | Nebcheprure; Nebcheprure‑hekamaat | Tutanchaton → Tutanchamon‑hekaiunušema | (Kanechet) Tutmesut |
■ | Aj II. | 18:14 | 1323–1319 | Chepercheperure‑irimaat | (Itnecer) Aj | (Kanechet) Cehenhau |
■ | Haremheb | 18:15 | 1319–1292 | Džosercheprure‑setepenre | Haremheb‑merienamon | (Kanechet) Sepedcheru |
■ | Ramesse I. | 19:01 | 1292–1290 | Menpehtire | Ramessu | (Kanechet) Vadžnesit |
■ | Setchi I. | 19:02 | 1290–1279/78 | Menmaatre | Setchi‑merienptah; Veserisethi‑merienptah | (Kanechet) Chaemuaset‑sanchtauej; (Kanechet) Chaemuase |
■ | Ramesse II. | 19:03 | 1279–1213 | Vesermaatre; (Nesutbitej) Vesermaatre‑setepenre | Ramessu‑meriamon; Sess/Sesu | (Kanechet) Merimaat; Merire |
■ | Merenptah | 19:04 | 1213–1203 | Baenre; Baenre‑meriamon; Baenre‑meriamon‑merineceru | Mer(i)enptah‑hetephermaat | (Kanechet) Haemmaat |
■ | Amenmesse | 19:05 | 1203–1200/1199 | Menmire‑setepenre | Amenmesse‑hekauaset | (Kanechet) Merimaat‑šementauej; (Kanechet) Nebhabu‑sedmitacenen |
■ | Setchi II. | 19:06 | 1200/1199–1194/93 | Vesercheperure‑setepenre; Vesercheperure‑meriamon | Setchi‑merienptah | (Kanechet) Merire |
■ | Siptah | 19:07 | 1194/93–… | Sechaenre‑meriamon; Sechaenre‑setepenre; Achenre‑setepenre | Ramessu‑siptah; Merienptah‑siptah | (Kanechet) Merihapi‑sanchtanebemkaefreneb; (Kanechet) Verpehti |
■ | Tausret | 19:08 | …–1186/85 | Sitre‑meri(t)enamon | Tausret‑setepenmut; Tausret | (Kanechet) Merimaat |
■ | Setnacht | 20:01 | 1186/85–1183/82 | Veserchaure‑setepenre(‑meramon) | Sethnacht‑mereramonre | (Kanechet) Verpehtej |
■ | Ramesse III. | 20:02 | 1183/82–1152/51 | Vesermaatre‑meriamon | Ramessu‑hekaiunu | (Kanechet) Aaniset |
■ | Ramesse IV. | 20:03 | 1152/51–1145/44 | Vesermaatre‑setepenamon; Hekamaatre‑setepenamon | Ramessu‑hekamaat‑meriamon | (Kanechet) Anchemmaat(‑nebhebusedmiitefptahtatenen) |
■ | Ramesse V. | 20:04 | 1145/44–1142/1140 | Vesermaatre‑secheperenre | Ramessu‑amen(hir)chepešef | (Kanechet) Menmaat |
■ | Ramesse VI. | 20:05 | 1142/1140–1134/1132 | Nebmaatre‑meriamon | Ramessu‑amenhirchepešef(‑necerhekaiunu) | (Kanechet) Aanechetu‑sanchtauej |
■ | Ramesse VII. | 20:06 | 1134/1132–1126/1123 | Vesermaatre‑setepenre‑meriamon | Ramessu‑itamon‑necerhekaiunu | (Kanechet) Anemnecer |
■ | Ramesse VIII. | 20:07 | 1126/1123–1125/1121 | Vesermaatre‑achenamon | Ramessu‑sutechhirkopšef‑meriamon | |
■ | Ramesse IX. | 20:08 | 1125/1121–1107/1103 | Neferkare‑setepenre | Ramessu‑cha(em)uaset‑meriamon | (Kanechet) Haemuaset |
■ | Ramesse X. | 20:09 | 1107/1103–1103/1099 | Chepermaatre‑setepenre | Ramessu‑amenhirchepešef‑meriamon | (Kanechet) Sechaaenre |
■ | Ramesse XI. | 20:10 | 1103/1099–1070/69 | Menmaatre‑setepenptah | Ramessu‑cha(em)uaset(-mereramon‑necerhekaiunu) | (Kanechet) Merire |
■ | Nesbanebdžed I. | 21:01 | 1070/69–1044/43 | Hedžcheperre‑setepenre | Meriamon‑nesubanebdžedet | (Kanechet) Merire‑seuseramon‑chepeschefsekaimaat |
■ | Amenemnesut | 21:02 | 1044/43–1040/39 | Neferkare‑hekauaset | Amenemnesu; Amenemnesu‑meriamon | |
■ | Pasbachaenniut I. | 21:03 | 1044/43–994/93 | Aacheperre‑setepenamon | Pasebachaenniut | (Kanechet) Mededamon‑veserfausechaemuaset |
■ | Amenemope | 21:04 | 996/95–985/84 | Vesermaatre‑setepenmeriamon; Vesermaatre‑setepenamon | Amenemope/Amenemipat; Amenemope‑meriamon | |
■ | Osorkon starší | 21:05 | 985/84–979/78 | Aacheperre‑setepenre | Osorkon/Veserken | |
■ | Siamon | 21:06 | 979/78–960/59 | Necercheperre‑setepenamon; Necercheperre‑meriamon | Siamon/Saamon; Saamon | (Kanechet) Merimaat; (Kanechet) Merimaat‑sa(meri)enamon‑periemchauef |
■ | Pasbachaenniut II. | 21:07 | 960/59–946/45 | Titcheperure‑setepenre | Pasbachaenniut; Har‑pasbachaenniut‑meriamon; Pasbachaenniut‑meriamon | |
■ | Šešonk I. | 22 | 946/45–925/24 | Hedžcheperkare‑setepenre | Šešonk‑meriamon‑necerhekaiunu | (Kanechet) Merire‑sechaiemnesuersematauej |
■ | Osorkon I. | 22 | 925/24–~890 | Sechemcheperre‑setepenre | Osorkon/Veserken‑meriamon | (Kanechet) Merire |
■ | Šešonk II. | 22 | ~877–875 | Hedžcheperre‑setepenre | Šešonk‑meriamon | |
■ | Takelot I. | 22 | ~890–877 | Hedžcheperre‑setepenre | Takelot‑meriamon | |
■ | Osorkon II. | 22 | ~875–837 | Vesermaatre‑setepenamon | Veserken‑meriamon | (Kanechet) Merimaat‑sechasurenesutauej; (Kanechet) Merimaat‑chaemuaset |
■ | Harsieset | 22/23 | ~870–850 | Hedžcheperre‑setepenamon | Harsieset‑meriamon | (Kanechet) Chaemuaset |
■ | Takelot II. | 22/23 | ~841–816 | Hedžcheperre‑setepenre-saeset‑necerhekauaset | Takelot‑saeset‑meriamon | (Kanechet) Chaemuaset |
■ | Šešonk III. | 22 | ~837–798 (785?) | Vesermaatre‑setepenre | Šešonk‑meriamon‑necerhekaiunu | (Kanechet) Merimaat |
■ | Pimej I. | 22 | ~785–774 | Vesermaatre‑setepenamon | Pimej‑meriamon | |
■ | Šešonk IV. | 22 | ~774–736 | Aacheper(u)re‑setepenre | Šešonk‑meriamon‑necerhekaiunu | (Kanechet) Veserchaemuaset |
■ | Osorkon IV. | 22 | ~732/730–722 | Aacheperre‑setepenamon | Osorkon/Veserken‑meriamon | |
■ | Padibastet I. | 23 | ~830–805/800 | Vesermaatre‑setepenamon | Padibastet‑meriamon | Merre‑sechaiefemnisut(re)‑sematauej |
■ | Iupuat I. | 23 | ~816–800 | Vesermaatre‑setepenamon | Iupuat‑meramon | |
■ | Šešonk V. | 23 | ~805/800–790 | Vesermaatre‑meriamon | Šeše(n)k‑meriamon | Mesutire |
■ | Osorkon III. | 23 | ~790–762 | Vesermaatre‑setepenamon | Veserken‑seaset‑meriamon | (Kanechet) Cha(i)emuaset |
■ | Takelot III. | 23 | ~767–755 | Vesermaatre‑setepenamon | Tekelet/Takelot‑saeset‑meriamon | Vadžatauej |
■ | Rudžamon | 23 | ~755–735 | Vesermaatre‑setepenamon | Rudamon‑meriamon | Nebmaatcheru |
■ | Pefcauavibast | 23 | Neferkare | |||
■ | Iupuat II. | 23 | ~756–725 (?) | Vesermaatre | Iupuatsabastet‑meriamon | |
■ | Tefnacht I. | 24 | ~740–719/717 | Šepsesre | Tafnechet/Tefnacht | Sachet |
■ | Bakenrenef | 24 | 719/717–714/712 | Vahkare | Bakenrenef | Mesihemut; Hekakemet |
■ | Pije (Pianchi) | 25 | ~746–715/713 | Vesermaatre; Mencheperre | Pianchi‑meriamon; Pije | Sematauej; Seheteptauejfi; Katauejfi; Chaemuaset |
■ | Šabaka | 25 | 715/713–700/698 | Neferkare‑meriamon | Šabaka | Sebektauej |
■ | Šabataka | 25 | 700/698–690 | Džedkaure | Šabataka/Šebitko‑meriamon | (Kanechet) Chaemuaset; Džedchau |
■ | Taharka | 25 | 690–664 | Chunefertemre | Taharka | Kaichau |
■ | Tanutamon | 25 | 664–~655 | Bakare | Tanutamon | Vahmerut |
■ | Neko I. | 26:01 | 672–664 | Mencheperre | Nekau | |
■ | Psammetik I. | 26:02 | 664–610 | Vahibre | Psemecik/Psametik | Ahaib |
■ | Neko II. | 26:03 | 610–595 | Vehemibre; Vehibre | Nekau | Siaib |
■ | Psammetik II. | 26:04 | 595–589 | Neferibre | Psemecik/Psametik | Menechib |
■ | Haibre | 26:05 | 589–570 | Haaibre | Vahibre | Vahib |
■ | Ahmose II. | 26:06 | 570–526 | Chnemibre | Iachmesej | Semenmaat |
■ | Psammetik III. | 26:07 | 526–525 | Anchkaenre; Anchkare | Psemecik/Psametik | |
■ | Kambýses II. | 27:01 | 525–522 | Mesetire | Kembicet/Kambýses | Sematauej |
■ | Gaumáta | 27:02 | 522 | |||
■ | Dareios I. | 27:03 | 522/21–486/85 | Setutra; Intiriuš | Dereuš | Menechib; Intiriuš |
■ | Xerxes I. | 27:04 | 486/85–465/64 | Chešireš | ||
■ | Artaxerxes I. | 27:05 | 465/64–424 | Artechešešes | ||
■ | Xerxes II. | 27:06 | 424/23 | |||
■ | Dareios II. | 27:07 | 423–405/04 | Dereuš | ||
■ | Artaxerxes II. | 27:08 | 405/04–359 | Artechešešes | ||
■ | Amenardis (Psammetik V.) | 28:01 | 404/401–399 | Amenardis | ||
■ | Nefaarudž I. | 29:01 | 399–393 | Baenre‑mer(i)neceru | Naifaa(u)rudž | Aaib |
■ | Harnechba | 29:02 | 393–392 | |||
■ | Hakor | 29:03 | 392–380 | Chenemmaatre | Hakor | Aaib‑meritauej |
■ | Pašerimut | 29:04 | 393/92 | Veserre‑setepenptah | Pašerienmut/Pašerimut | Aapehti‑marsepu |
■ | Nefaarudž II. | 29:05 | 380 | Naifaa(u)rudž | ||
■ | Nechtnebef | 30:01 | 380–362 | Cheperkare | Nechetnebef; Nechetref | Cemaa |
■ | Džedhor | 30:02 | 364/362–360 | Irimaatenre | Džedhor‑setepenanheret; Džedhor‑setepeninihor | Chaemmaat‑seschemtauej |
■ | Nachthareheb | 30:03 | 360–342 | Senedžemibre‑setepenheret; Senedžemibre‑setepenamon | Nechetharenhebit‑merienhathor | Meritauej |
■ | Artaxerxes III. | 31:01 | 343–338 | |||
■ | Arses | 31:02 | 338–336 | |||
■ | Dareios III. | 31:03 | 336–332 | |||
■ | Alexander III. Veľký | M:01 | 332–323 | Setepenre‑meriamon | Aleksindres | Harmekkemet |
■ | Filip III. Arrhidaios | M:02 | 323–317 | Setepenkare‑meriamon | Phiuliupus | (Kanechet) Merimaat |
■ | Alexander IV. Aigos | M:03 | 317–310 | Haaibre‑setepenamon | Ileksinderes | |
■ | Ptolemaios I. Sóter | 32:01 | 305–285 | Setepenre‑meriamon; Cheperkare‑setepenamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios | Verpechti‑nesukeni |
■ | Ptolemaios II. Filadelfos | 32:02 | 285–246 | Veserka(en)re‑meriamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios | Hunukeni |
■ | Ptolemaios III. Euergetes | 32:03 | 246–221 | Iuaennecerujsenuj-setepenre‑sechemanchenamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑anchdžet‑meriptah | |
■ | Ptolemaios IV. Filopator | 32:04 | 221–205 | Iuaennecerujperuj‑setepenptah-veserkare‑sechemanchenamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑anchdžet‑merieset | |
■ | Ptolemaios V. Epifanes | 32:05 | 205–180 | Iuaennecerujmerit‑setepenptah-veserkare‑sechemanchenamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑anchdžet‑meriptah | |
■ | Ptolemaios VI. Filométor | 32:06 | 180–164 163–145 |
Iuaennecerujperuj-setepenptahcheper(en)re‑irimaatenamonre | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑anchdžet‑meriptah | |
■ | Ptolemaios VII. Neos Filopator | 32:07 | 145 | |||
■ | Ptolemaios VIII. Euergetes II. | 32:08 | 170–163 145–116 |
Iuaencrujperuj‑setepenpth-irmaatre‑sechemanchamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑anchdžet‑meriptah | |
■ | Ptolemaios IX. Sóter II. | 32:09 | 116–107 88–81 |
Iuaennecermenechneceretmetetmutsenedžet-setepenptaḥ‑veserkare‑sechemanchenamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑anchdžet‑meriptah | |
■ | Bereniké III. (Kleopatra Bereniké) | 32:10 | 81–80 | Repatet‑veret‑hesut‑Berenike | ||
■ | Ptolemaios X. Alexandros I. | 32:11 | 107–88 | Iuaennecerujmenechujsaetre-setepenptaḥ‑irmaatre‑senenanchenamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑dženefaleksentres-anchdžet‑meriptah | |
■ | Ptolemaios XI. Alexandros II. | 32:12 | 80 | Iuaenpanecernehem‑setepenptah-irmaatenre‑sechemanchamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑anchdžet‑meriptaheset | |
■ | Ptolemaios XII. Neos Dionýsos | 32:13 | 80–58 55–51 |
Iuaenpanecernehem-setepenptah‑irmaatenre‑sechemanchamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑anchdžet‑meriptaheset | |
■ | Bereniké IV. | 32:14 | 58–55 | |||
■ | Kleopatra VII. Filopator | 32:15 | 51–30 | Kliupadreta/Kleopatra; Kleupader/Kleopatra‑neceret‑mer(et)ites | Ver(et)‑neb(et)neferu‑achetseh; Verettutenites | |
■ | Ptolemaios XIII. Theos Filopator I. | 32:16 | 51–47 | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios | ||
■ | Ptolemaios XIV. Theos Filopator II. | 32:17 | 47–44 | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios | ||
■ | Ptolemaios XV. Filopator Filométor Kaisar | 32:18 | 44–30 | Iua(en)panecernetinehem‑setepenptah-irmaatre‑sechemanchenamon | Ptulemis/Ptolemaios‑džedtunef-keiseres-anchdžet‑meriptaheset |
Referencie
[upraviť | upraviť zdroj]- ↑ Mená podľa (Bareš, Veselý a Gombár 2009, s. 708–715), s prihliadnutím k (Baker 2008), (Beckerath 1997) a (Shaw 2003).
- ↑ von Beckerath 1997
Pozri aj
[upraviť | upraviť zdroj]Literatúra
[upraviť | upraviť zdroj]- Baines, John; Málek, Jaromír (2000), Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt, New York, NY: Facts on File Publications, ISBN 9780871963345
- Baker, Darrell D. (2008), The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs, 1, Oakville, CT: Bannerstone Press, ISBN 9780977409440
- Bareš, Ladislav; Veselý, Rudolf; Gombár, Eduard (2009), Dějiny Egypta, Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, ISBN 9788071069713
- von Beckerath, Jürgen (1997), Chronologie des pharaonischen Agypten, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, ISBN 9783805323109
- Clayton, Peter A. (2006), Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 9780500286289
- Hornung, Erik; Krauss, Rolf; Warburton, David A., edi. (2006), Ancient Egyptian Chronology: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Leiden–Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-9004113855
- Fruin, Robert (1847), Manethonis Sebennytae Reliquiae, J. H. Gebhard & Soc., http://books.google.cz/books/download/Manethonis_Sebennytae_Reliquiae.pdf?id=Lc8TAAAAYAAJ&hl=sk&output=pdf&sig=ACfU3U1w4lJgAQDD7WMxK8cx3LZ-mxzOFQ&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0
- Helck, Wolfgang (1987), Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit, O. Harrassowitz, ISBN 9783447026772
- Kitchen, Kenneth A. (1991), „The chronology of ancient Egypt“, World archaeology 23 (2): 201–208, október 1991
- Parker, Richard A. (1950), The Calendars of ancient Egypt, University of Chicago press
- Redford, Donald B. (1986), Pharaonic King-Lists, Annals, and Day-Books: A Contribution to the Study of the Egyptian Sense of History, Mississauga: Benben
- Ryholt, Kim S. B. (1997), The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 BC, Copenhagen: Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, ISBN 9788772894218
- Shaw, Ian, ed. (2003), Dějiny starověkého Egypta, Praha: BB/Art, ISBN 8072579754
- Schneider, Thomas (2002), Lexikon der Pharaonen, Patmos, ISBN 9783491960534
- Tyldesley, Joyce (2006), Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt: From Early Dynastic Times to the Death of Cleopatra, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 9780500051450
- Unger, Georg Friedrich (1867), Chronologie des Manetho, Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, http://books.google.com/books?id=RukVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false, dost. 23. apríl 2011
- Verner, Miroslav; Bareš, Ladislav; Vachala, Břetislav (2007), Encyklopedie starověkého Egypta, Praha: Libri, ISBN 9788072773060
- Verner, Miroslav (2010), Chrám světa: Svatyně, kulty a mysteria starověkého Egypta, Praha: Academia, ISBN 9788020018618