Oryol
Oryol
Орёл | |
|---|---|
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Oryol  | |
  Oryol Location of Oryol  Oryol Oryol (Oryol Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 52°58′07″N 36°04′10″E / 52.96861°N 36.06944°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Oryol Oblast |
| Founded | 1566 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Yuri Parakhin[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 121.21 km2 (46.80 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 170 m (560 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 317,747 |
| • Estimate (2021) | 303,696 |
| • Rank | 57th in 2010 |
| • Density | 2,600/km2 (6,800/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | city of oblast significance of Oryol |
| • Capital of | Oryol Oblast, city of oblast significance of Oryol |
| • Urban okrug | Oryol Urban Okrug |
| • Capital of | Oryol Urban Okrug, Orlovsky Municipal District |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [4]) |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 302000–302999 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4862 |
| OKTMO ID | 54701000001 |
| City Day | August 5 |
| Twin towns | Razgrad, Offenbach am Main, Kaluga, Kolpino, Kolpinsky District, Novosibirsk, Volokolamsky District, Žodzina, Novi Sad, Maribor, Penza, Brest, Nokia, České Budějovice |
| Website | www |
Oryol or Orel (Russian: Орёл, IPA: [ɐˈrʲɵl], lit. eagle), also known as Oriol,[6] is the largest city in and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast. It is on the Oka River, around 368 kilometers (229 mi) south-southwest of Moscow. It is part of the Central Federal District and the Central Economic Region.
History
[change | change source]Oryol was a fortress town in Russia for several centuries. It was looted by Polish forces in 1611 and 1615. It was rebuilt in 1636. The fortress was taken apart in the 18th century.
During WW2, the city was almost fully destroyed during Operation Kutuzov.
Geography
[change | change source]Oryol is on the banks of the Oka River and its tributary the Orlik river. It is in the Central Russian Upland of the East European Plain.
Climate
[change | change source]Oryol has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). It has cold winters and warm summers.
| Climate data for Oryol (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
32.8 (91.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
38.7 (101.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
17.5 (63.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
39.5 (103.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
6.4 (43.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −8.7 (16.3) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
2.8 (37.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
8.0 (46.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.4 (−31.7) |
−37.2 (−35.0) |
−37.8 (−36.0) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−5 (23) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−5 (23) |
−13 (9) |
−26.4 (−15.5) |
−35 (−31) |
−37.8 (−36.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46 (1.8) |
41 (1.6) |
39 (1.5) |
40 (1.6) |
50 (2.0) |
69 (2.7) |
87 (3.4) |
54 (2.1) |
57 (2.2) |
56 (2.2) |
44 (1.7) |
47 (1.9) |
630 (24.8) |
| Average rainy days | 6 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 136 |
| Average snowy days | 23 | 21 | 14 | 4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 3 | 13 | 22 | 101 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 82 | 77 | 68 | 64 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 78 | 82 | 87 | 86 | 77 |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[7] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[change | change source]| 1897 Census | 70 000 |
|---|---|
| 1926 Census | 76 000 |
| 1939 Census | 110 564 |
| 1959 Census | 151 521 |
| 1970 Census | 232 216 |
| 1979 Census | 304 971 |
| 1989 Census | 336 862 |
| 2002 Census | 333 310 |
| 2010 Census | 317 747 |
| Estimate 2021 | 303 696 |
According to the Federal State Statistics Service, in January 2020 the number of residents came to 308 838. It is the 66th place among 1117 cities of Russia for 2019.
Largest ethnic groups in 2010:
- Russians (96,8%)
- Ukrainians (1,1%)
- Armenians (0,4%)
- Belarusians (0,3%)
- Azerbaijanis (0,2%)
- Tatars (0,1%)
- Jews (0,1%)
International relations
[change | change source]Twin towns – sister cities
[change | change source]
Razgrad, Bulgaria (1968)
Offenbach am Main, Germany (1988)
Leeuwarden, The Netherlands (1990-2002)
Zhodzina, Belarus (2016)
Mary, Turkmenistan (2017)[9]
Partner cities
[change | change source]Kaluga, Russia (2003)
Novi Sad, Serbia (2017)
Maribor, Slovenia (2017)
References
[change | change source]- ↑ "Мэр города Орла избран из состава депутатов горсовета". www.orelgorsovet.ru. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ↑ "Результат запроса". www.gks.ru. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ↑ Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ↑ "Oriol, Russia". Geographical Names. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ↑ "Weather and Climate - The Climate of IOryol" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ↑ "Партнерские связи". orel-adm.ru (in Russian). Oryol. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
- ↑ "Орел и туркменский Мары стали городами-побратимами". October 3, 2017.
Other websites
[change | change source]- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 251.
- Official website of Oryol (in Russian)
- Unofficial website of Oryol (in Russian)
- The murder of the Jews of Oryol Archived 2021-08-06 at the Wayback Machine during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.