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[[File:Mahatma Gandhi 01.svg|197px|right]]
'''Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi''' (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was a leader of [[nationalism]] in [[British Raj|British-ruled India]]. He is more commonly called '''Mahatma Gandhi'''; ''mahatma'' is an [[honorific]] meaning "great-soul" or "venerable" in [[Sanskrit]]. He was first called this in 1914 in Africa 

Gandhi on Mahabharata said he wished to live his life like Karna lived, "''The one who grew up against all odds and emerged out to be the greatest cultural hero India has ever seen. Breathe your life like Karna and Ramachandra. he sorrows life gave them and how they reacted upon them. You would be able to achieve what human history had never imagined.''"  Gandhi was the Martyr of the Nation since 1948. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] gave him the title of  'Mahatma'.

Gandhi was one of the most important people involved in the movement for the independence of India. He was a [[non-violence|non-violent]] [[activist]], who led the independence movement through a [[nonviolence|non-violent]] [[protest]].

==Early life==
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in [[Porbander]], India.<ref>Hook, Sue van der Mahatma Gandhi: 
A proponent of Peace ABDO 2011 page 14</ref>  Several members of his family worked for the government of the state.  When Gandhi was 18 years old, he went to study law in [[England]].<ref>, Agarwal, Satya P. Social Message of the Gita Motilal Banarsidass; 1st edition 1995 page 114</ref>  After he became a [[lawyer]], he went to the British colony of [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] where he experienced laws that said people with  dark  [[Human skin colour|skin]] had fewer rights than people with light skin. In 1897, Gandhi was attacked by a group of people in [[Durban]] Harbor, South Africa when he was going to work. He went to South Africa because he could not find work in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://justlists.wordpress.com/2009/09/18/18-milestone-events-in-the-life-of-gandhi/|title=18 Milestone Events in the Life of Mohandas Gandhi|date=2009-09-18|website=Reach and Teach's Just Lists|accessdate=2017-04-27}}</ref> When traveling through South Africa, Gandhi was also kicked out of a first class train because of his skin color. Then Gandhi started protesting against segregation.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zpdqmp3|title=Gandhi: Reckless teenager to father of India|website=BBC Timelines|accessdate=2017-04-27|archive-date=2017-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512162703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zpdqmp3|url-status=dead}}</ref> He decided then to become a political activist, so he could help change these unfair laws.  He created a powerful, non-violent movement. During Gandhi's life, India was a [[colony]] of the [[British Empire]], but wanted [[independence]].  He was a huge leader during that era and his thoughts helped catalyze the [[Indian independence movement]].

Gandhi was a [[vegetarian]] almost all his life, because he believed in non-violence ([[ahimsa]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-27|title=What the Mahatma ate and why|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-the-mahatma-ate-and-why/story-Zk5cUXb6w93Fyk3sDcc1BK.html|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

==As an activist==
On 9 January 1915 when Gandhi returned to India, he decided to again lead a march against a law called the Rowlatt Act. But then the protest turned violent and people started to kill the protesters.<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/>

On 12 March 1930 Gandhi led the [[Salt March]].

When he returned to India, he helped cause India's independence from British rule, inspiring other colonial people to work for their independence, break up the [[British Empire]], and replace it with the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]].

People of many different [[religion]]s and [[ethnic group]]s lived in British India. Many people thought the country should break into separate countries so different groups could have their own countries. In particular, many people thought that [[Hinduism|Hindus]] and [[Muslims]] should have separate countries. Gandhi was a Hindu, but he liked ideas from many religions including [[Islam]], [[Judaism]], and [[Christianity]], and he thought that people of all religions should have the same rights, and could live together peacefully in the same country.

In 1938, Gandhi resigned from Congress. He said he could no longer work through Congress to unite the divisions in caste and religion. He also felt that he had little to offer to the political process.<ref>Adams, Jad. ''Gandhi: The True Man Behind Modern India. ''Pegasus Books, 2011: New York. Page 217.</ref>

On 15 August 1947, the [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] split into India and [[Pakistan]]. Gandhi wanted independence but did not want the former Raj to split into two different countries. Instead of celebrating independence day, he was crying over the end of British India.

Gandhi's principle of ''satyagraha'', often translated as "way of truth" or "pursuit of truth", has inspired other democratic and anti-racist activists like [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] and [[Nelson Mandela]]. Gandhi often said that his values were simple, based upon traditional Hindu beliefs: truth (''Satya''), and non-violence (''ahimsa'').

==Death==
{{Main|Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi}}

On 30 January 1948, he was shot to death by a Brahman activist [[Nathuram Godse]], because Godse thought that Gandhi was too respectful to the Muslims. Godse was tried and executed by Indian officials.

== References ==
{{commonscat|Mohandas K. Gandhi}}
{{reflist}}

==Other websites ==
*[http://www.gandhism.net/ Gandhism.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506220126/http://www.gandhism.net/ |date=2021-05-06 }} historical & autobiographical website
{{Time Persons of the Year 1927–1950}}
{{Social and political philosophy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhi, Mahatma}}
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:Assassinated Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Nonviolence advocates]]
[[Category:People murdered in India]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]
[[Category:Vegetarians]]
[[Category:Time People of the Year]]
[[Category:Nationalism]]
[[Category:Mahatma Gandhi| ]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]

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