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[[File:Coat of Arms of Chișinău.svg|right|160x160px]]
[[File:Flag of Chișinău.svg|right|250px]]
'''Chișinău''' (IPA /ki.ʃi.'nəu/), formerly known as '''Kishinev''', is the [[capital city]] and industrial and commercial center of  [[Moldova]]. It is also largest city of Moldova. It is in the center of the country, on the river [[Bîc]].

== Geography ==
[[File:Sectoare Chişinău.png|right|thumb|250px|Chişinău Sectors]]
The city is in the middle of the central area of Moldova. It is divided into five administrative districts. These are:
* [[Sectorul Centru|Centru]] 
* [[Sectorul Rîşcani|Rîşcani]] 
* [[Sectorul Botanica|Botanica]] 
* [[Sectorul Ciocana|Ciocana]] 
* [[Sectorul Buiucani|Buiucani]]

== History ==
Chișinău was founded in [[1436]] as a [[monastery]] town. The city was part of the [[Moldavia]]n Principality, which, starting with the [[16th century]] fell under the [[suzerainty]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. At the beginning of the [[19th century]] it was a small village of 7,000 people. In [[1812]] it was occupied by [[Russia]], who made it the centre of [[Bessarabia]]. By 1862, there were 92,000 people. By 1900, there were 125,787.

=== The First World War Period ===
Following the Russian [[October Revolution]] the country declared [[independence]] from the fallen empire, before joining the [[Kingdom of Romania]]. With Moldova only [[autonomous]] in the new state, Chișinău lost its title as [[Capital (city)|Capital]] and moved into the background.

Between [[1918]] and [[1940]] the center of the city undertook large [[renovation]] work. In 1927 a monument to the famous prince [[Stephen III of Moldavia]], by the artist [[Alexandru Plămădeală]] was erected.

=== The Second World War ===
In the chaos of the [[Second World War]] Chișinău was nearly completely destroyed. This began with the [[Soviet]] occupation led by the [[Red Army]] from 28 June 1940. As the city began to recover from the takeover, a devastating earthquake occurred on 10 November 1940. The [[epicenter]] of the quake, which measured 7.3 on the [[Richter scale]], was in eastern [[Romania]] and subsequently led to substantial destruction in the city.

After less than one year the assault of modern-day Moldova by the [[Germany|German]] army began. From July [[1941]] the city suffered from large-scale shooting and heavy bombardments by Nazi air raids. The Red Army resistance held until Chișinău finally fell on 17 July [[1941]].

Following the occupation the city suffered from mass murder of predominantly [[Jewish]] inhabitants. As had been seen elsewhere in Europe, the followers of Judaism were transported on trucks to the outskirts of the city. There they were then shot in partially dug pits. The number of Jews murdered during the occupation of the city is estimated at 10,000 people.

As the War drew to a conclusion the former capital was pulled once more into heavy fighting as German troops retreated. After nearly six months of fighting Chișinău finally fell on 24 August 1944 to the [[Red Army]]. By this point the city had lost 70% of its buildings and constructions - the earthquake of 1940 and the air raids contributing to the largest part of this.

After the war the head of the [[Soviet Union]], Joseph [[Stalin]], claimed the area around [[Bessarabia|Bessarabien]]. Stalin reorganised the political landscape of Eastern Europe, giving nominal independence to Romania and incorporating Moldova into the USSR. Chișinău was once more made capital of the now 'autonomous' republic.

=== Soviet Union ===
In the years 1947 to 1949 the architect [[Alexey Shchusev]] developed a plan with the aid of a team of architects for the gradual reconstruction of the city.

The beginning of the 1950s saw a rapid increase in the number of people. The Soviets responded by constructing large-scale housing and palaces in the style of [[Stalinist architecture]]. This process continued under [[Nikita Khrushchev]], who called for construction under the slogan "good, cheaper and built faster". The new architectural style brought about dramatic change and generated the style that dominates today, with large blocks of flats arranged in considerable settlements.

The period of the most significant development of the city was from 1971, when the [[Council of Ministers]] of the USSR has adopted a decision "About the measures for further development of Kishinev city", that secured more than one billon [[rubles]] of investments from the state budget, until [[1991]], when [[Moldova]] gained independence.

== Administration ==
Chișinău is governed by the City Council and the City Mayor, both elected once every four years. The current [[mayor]] is [[Dorin Chirtoacă]]. Ursu is the former vice-mayor, between August [[1994]] and April [[2005]] was [[Serafim Urechean]]. Under the [[Moldovan constitution]], Urechean - elected to parliament in 2005 - was prevented from holding an additional post to that of an MP. The [[Electoral Bloc Democratic Moldova|Democratic Moldova Bloc]] leader accepted his mandate and in April resigned from his former position. During his 11-year term, Urechean committed himself to the restoration of the church tower of the ''Catedrala Naşterea Domnului'', as well as improvements in public transport. From 1994, Chișinău saw the construction and launch of new [[trolley bus]] lines.

== Economy ==
[[File:Chisinau Center3.jpg|thumb|220px|Street and businesses in city centre]]
Chișinău is the most economically developed and [[Industrialization|industrialised]] city in Moldova. Chișinău is a major industrial and services centre; its main industries include [[consumer]] and electrical goods, building materials, machinery, [[plastic]]s, [[rubber]], and [[textile]]s. The main service fields are [[banks of Moldova|banking]] and shopping/commerce.

== Education ==
The city has thirty-six [[university|universities]], and the [[Academy of Sciences of Moldova]]. Since the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]], the city has become a relatively lively and well-provisioned capital, with a much higher standard of living than most rural areas.

== People ==
* [[Moldova]]n - 68.4%
* [[Russia]]n - 13.7%
* [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] - 8.4%
* [[Romania]]n - 4.4%
* [[Bulgaria]]n - 1.2%
* [[Gagauzian]] - 0.9%
* Others - 2.9%

== Well-known people ==
* [[Avigdor Lieberman]] (b. 1958), Israeli politician
* [[Lewis Milestone]] (1895-1980), American movie director

== Other websites ==
{{sisterlinks|Chișinău}}
* [http://www.chisinau.md Official site of Chișinău] (in Romanian only)
* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=247&letter=K Kishinef(Kishinev)], by Rosenthal, Herman & Rosenthal, Max, in the ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]'' (1901-1906)
* [http://www.fest.md/en/map Chișinău Interactive Map: find addresses, streets, and places] {{in lang|ro|en|ru}}

{{European capitals}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chisinau}}
[[Category:National capitals in Europe]]
[[Category:Cities in Moldova]]
[[Category:1430s establishments in Europe]]

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