पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Laṅkā : f.: Name of the city of Rāvaṇa.


A. Location: On the other side of the ocean (pāre mahodadheḥ) 3. 262. 33; in the valley of the Trikūṭa mountain on the other side of the ocean (pāre samudrasya trikūṭagirikandare) 3. 266. 55.


B. History: Pitāmaha assinged Laṅkā, together with the Rākṣasas, to Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera) as the seat of his capital (pitāmahas tu… dadau vaiśravaṇasya ha/…rājadhānīniveśaṁ ca laṅkāṁ rakṣagaṇānvitām) 3. 258. 15-16; Kubera, while living in Laṅkā gave three Rākṣasīs as servants to appease Viśravas, his father 3. 259. 3; Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa), son of Viśravas, defeated Kubera in battle and drove him out of Laṅkā 3. 259. 32; Kubera left Laṅkā and entered Gandhamādana (hitvā sa bhagavāī laṅkām āviśad gandhamādanam) 3. 259. 33; Laṅkā then belonged to Rāvaṇa and he was its king (mama laṅkā purī nāmnā) 3. 262. 33; 3. 266. 54; Rāvaṇa called king and resident of Laṅkā (rājñā laṅkānivāsinā) 3. 263. 39; (laṅkāṁ bhrātur niveśanam) 3. 261. 44.


C. Description: Pleasing (ramyā) 3. 262. 33; naturally unassailable (prakṛtyaiva durādharṣā) 3. 268. 2; having strong ramparts with arched doorways (dṛḍhaprākāratoraṇā) 3. 268. 2; its southern gate was unapprochable (dakṣiṇaṁ nagaradvāraṁ…durāsadam) 3. 268. 24; when besieged by Rāma, Rāvaṇa made arrangements (for the fortification) of the town as prescribed in the śāstra (rāvaṇaś ca vidhiṁ cakre laṅkāyāṁ śāstranirmitam) 3. 268. 2; the seven deep trenches around Laṅkā are described in 3. 268. 3-5; troops, both stationary and moving, consisting of many foot-soldiers, elephants and horses, were stationed near all gates of the town (puradvāreṣu sarveṣu gulmāḥ sthāvarajaṅgamāḥ/babhūvuḥ pattibahulāḥ prabhūtagajavājinaḥ) 3. 268. 6; called pūrī 3. 262. 33; 3. 264. 41; 3. 266. 68; 3. 268. 21; mahāpurī 3. 266. 54; pura 3. 268. 6; 3. 270. 29; 3. 271. 1; nagara 3. 268. 24.


D. Rāmāyaṇa events:

(1) Śūrpaṇakhā, when her nose and lips were cut off, went to Laṅkā the residence of her brother (yayau…laṅkāṁ bhrātur niveśanam) 3. 261. 44;

(2) Rāvaṇa told Sītā that his town Laṅkā lay beyond the ocean (laṅkā purī…pāre mahodadheḥ) 3. 262. 33;

(3) Gandharva Viśvāvasu told Rāma that Rāvaṇa had carried off Sītā to Laṅkā 3. 263. 39;

(4) Rāvaṇa on reaching Laṅkā with Sītā placed her in an āśrama-like dwelling near the Aśoka grove which was like Nandana (bhavane nandanopame/aśokavanikābhyāśe tāpasāśramasaṁnibhe) 3. 264. 41;

(5) Sampāti told Hanūmant that Rāvaṇa to whom the big town Laṅkā belonged was known to him (rāvaṇo vidito mahyaṁ laṅkā cāsya mahāpurī) 3. 266. 54;

(6) Hanūmant burnt the town (Laṅkā) (tato dagdhvā ca tāṁ purīm) before returning to Rāma 3. 266. 68; Bhīma told Hanūmant that he (Hanūmant) alone could destroy Laṅkā with its warriors and chariots (laṅkāṁ sayodhāṁ sahavāhanām) 3. 149. 15;

(7) When Rāma with his army crossed the ocean to reach Laṅkā, he asked the monkeys to destroy many large gardens there (laṅkodyānāny anekaśaḥ/kapibhir bhedayām āsa mahānti ca bahūni ca//) 3. 267. 51; Rāma is also reported to have burnt Laṅkā with his sharp arrows (dagdhvā laṅkāṁ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ) 3. 258. 3;

(8) Aṅgada, as messenger of Rāma, reached the gate of Laṅkā (laṅkāyāḥ dvāradeśam) and entered it 3. 268. 7, 9; Aṅgada leapt over Laṅkā to return to Rāma (laṅghayitvā purīṁ laṅkām) 3. 268. 21;

(9) Rāma shattered the rampart of Laṅkā with the help of his fast monkey forces (bhedayām āsa laṅkāyāḥ prākāraṁ raghunandanaḥ) 3. 268. 23;

(10) Lakṣmaṇa, with Vibhīṣaṇa and Jāmbavant, broke the unapproachable southern gate of the town (Laṅkā) (dakṣiṇaṁ nagaradvāram) 3. 268. 24; Laksmaṇa attacked Laṅkā with crores of monkeys 3. 268. 25; the ramparts of Laṅkā appeared tawny with monkeys moving on it (vānaraiḥ…samantāt kapilīkṛtam) 3. 268. 28; the monkeys broke the jewelled pillars and summits of watchtowers and threw on the town machines whose speed was checked and destroyed (by the summits of the towers) (bibhidus te maṇistambhān karṇāṭṭaśikharāṇi ca/ bhagnonmathitavegāni yantrāṇi ca vicikṣipuḥ) 3. 268. 29 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 284. 30: karṇas tiryagyānaṁ tena prakāreṇa yat pāṣāṇādivistareṇa kriyate tat tad gṛhaviśeṣaṁ karṇāṭṭam iti vadanti); the monkeys threw the ‘hundred killer’ missiles together with wheels and stones (hurled) by huḍas (?) inside Laṅkā (parigṛhya śataghnīś ca sacakrāḥ sahuḍopalāḥ/cikṣipur bhujavegena laṅkāmadhye) 3. 268. 30; the monkeys chased the Rākṣasas who stood on the protective walls (of Laṅkā) (prākārasthāś ca ye kecin niśācaragaṇāḥ) 3. 268. 31; then the Rākṣasas attacked the monkeys and cleared the walls (kṛto nirvānaro bhūyaḥ prākāro bhīmadarśanaiḥ) 3. 268. 34; the arrows of Rāma reached as far as Laṅkā and killed the Rākṣasas in it (śarajālāni vavarṣa…/tāni laṅkāṁ samāsādya jaghnus tān rajanīcarān); Lakṣmaṇa too felled down the Rākṣasas standing at the fortress (of Laṅkā) (durgasthān pātayām āsa rākṣasān) 3. 268. 38-39; there was much fighting in Laṅkā in which the targets were struck and victory was in view; then Rāma asked his armies to stop fighting (kṛte vimarde laṅkāyām labdhalakṣo jayottaraḥ//) 3. 268. 40 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 284. 41: labdhāḥ āyudhaiḥ prāptā lakṣyā vadhyā yasmin/avandhyaprahāra iti yāvat/jayottaro jayotkarṣavān);

(11) At the fall of Dhūmrākṣa, the Rākṣasas, attacked by the monkeys, fled back to Laṅkā in fear 3. 270. 16;

(12) Vajravega and Pramāthin, led by Kumbhakarṇa, came out of the town (Laṅkā) to fight with Rāma (tūrṇaṁ niryayatuḥ purāt) 3. 270. 29; (tato viniryāya purāt kumbhakarṇaḥ) 3. 271. 1;

(13) The empty chariot of Indrajit, when he and his charioteer were killed by Lakṣmaṇa, was taken inside Laṅkā by the horses (laṅkāṁ praveśayām āsur vājinas taṁ rathaṁ tadā) 3. 273. 25;

(14) Rāvaṇa came out (of the city) in his chariot for his fight with Rāma (niryayau ratham āsthāya) 3. 274. 1;

(15) After killing Rāvaṇa, Rāma gave Laṅkā to Vibhīṣaṇa 3. 275. 5;

(16) After making arrangements for the protection of Laṅkā Rāma, followed by Vibhīṣaṇa, crossed the ocean, along the same bridge, riding his Puṣpaka (rāmaḥ… vidhāya rakṣāṁ laṅkāyāṁ vibhīṣaṇapuraskṛtaḥ/saṁtatāra punas tena setunā makarālayam//puṣpakeṇa vimānena) 3. 275. 50-52.


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पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Laṅkā : f.: Name of the city of Rāvaṇa.


A. Location: On the other side of the ocean (pāre mahodadheḥ) 3. 262. 33; in the valley of the Trikūṭa mountain on the other side of the ocean (pāre samudrasya trikūṭagirikandare) 3. 266. 55.


B. History: Pitāmaha assinged Laṅkā, together with the Rākṣasas, to Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera) as the seat of his capital (pitāmahas tu… dadau vaiśravaṇasya ha/…rājadhānīniveśaṁ ca laṅkāṁ rakṣagaṇānvitām) 3. 258. 15-16; Kubera, while living in Laṅkā gave three Rākṣasīs as servants to appease Viśravas, his father 3. 259. 3; Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa), son of Viśravas, defeated Kubera in battle and drove him out of Laṅkā 3. 259. 32; Kubera left Laṅkā and entered Gandhamādana (hitvā sa bhagavāī laṅkām āviśad gandhamādanam) 3. 259. 33; Laṅkā then belonged to Rāvaṇa and he was its king (mama laṅkā purī nāmnā) 3. 262. 33; 3. 266. 54; Rāvaṇa called king and resident of Laṅkā (rājñā laṅkānivāsinā) 3. 263. 39; (laṅkāṁ bhrātur niveśanam) 3. 261. 44.


C. Description: Pleasing (ramyā) 3. 262. 33; naturally unassailable (prakṛtyaiva durādharṣā) 3. 268. 2; having strong ramparts with arched doorways (dṛḍhaprākāratoraṇā) 3. 268. 2; its southern gate was unapprochable (dakṣiṇaṁ nagaradvāraṁ…durāsadam) 3. 268. 24; when besieged by Rāma, Rāvaṇa made arrangements (for the fortification) of the town as prescribed in the śāstra (rāvaṇaś ca vidhiṁ cakre laṅkāyāṁ śāstranirmitam) 3. 268. 2; the seven deep trenches around Laṅkā are described in 3. 268. 3-5; troops, both stationary and moving, consisting of many foot-soldiers, elephants and horses, were stationed near all gates of the town (puradvāreṣu sarveṣu gulmāḥ sthāvarajaṅgamāḥ/babhūvuḥ pattibahulāḥ prabhūtagajavājinaḥ) 3. 268. 6; called pūrī 3. 262. 33; 3. 264. 41; 3. 266. 68; 3. 268. 21; mahāpurī 3. 266. 54; pura 3. 268. 6; 3. 270. 29; 3. 271. 1; nagara 3. 268. 24.


D. Rāmāyaṇa events:

(1) Śūrpaṇakhā, when her nose and lips were cut off, went to Laṅkā the residence of her brother (yayau…laṅkāṁ bhrātur niveśanam) 3. 261. 44;

(2) Rāvaṇa told Sītā that his town Laṅkā lay beyond the ocean (laṅkā purī…pāre mahodadheḥ) 3. 262. 33;

(3) Gandharva Viśvāvasu told Rāma that Rāvaṇa had carried off Sītā to Laṅkā 3. 263. 39;

(4) Rāvaṇa on reaching Laṅkā with Sītā placed her in an āśrama-like dwelling near the Aśoka grove which was like Nandana (bhavane nandanopame/aśokavanikābhyāśe tāpasāśramasaṁnibhe) 3. 264. 41;

(5) Sampāti told Hanūmant that Rāvaṇa to whom the big town Laṅkā belonged was known to him (rāvaṇo vidito mahyaṁ laṅkā cāsya mahāpurī) 3. 266. 54;

(6) Hanūmant burnt the town (Laṅkā) (tato dagdhvā ca tāṁ purīm) before returning to Rāma 3. 266. 68; Bhīma told Hanūmant that he (Hanūmant) alone could destroy Laṅkā with its warriors and chariots (laṅkāṁ sayodhāṁ sahavāhanām) 3. 149. 15;

(7) When Rāma with his army crossed the ocean to reach Laṅkā, he asked the monkeys to destroy many large gardens there (laṅkodyānāny anekaśaḥ/kapibhir bhedayām āsa mahānti ca bahūni ca//) 3. 267. 51; Rāma is also reported to have burnt Laṅkā with his sharp arrows (dagdhvā laṅkāṁ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ) 3. 258. 3;

(8) Aṅgada, as messenger of Rāma, reached the gate of Laṅkā (laṅkāyāḥ dvāradeśam) and entered it 3. 268. 7, 9; Aṅgada leapt over Laṅkā to return to Rāma (laṅghayitvā purīṁ laṅkām) 3. 268. 21;

(9) Rāma shattered the rampart of Laṅkā with the help of his fast monkey forces (bhedayām āsa laṅkāyāḥ prākāraṁ raghunandanaḥ) 3. 268. 23;

(10) Lakṣmaṇa, with Vibhīṣaṇa and Jāmbavant, broke the unapproachable southern gate of the town (Laṅkā) (dakṣiṇaṁ nagaradvāram) 3. 268. 24; Laksmaṇa attacked Laṅkā with crores of monkeys 3. 268. 25; the ramparts of Laṅkā appeared tawny with monkeys moving on it (vānaraiḥ…samantāt kapilīkṛtam) 3. 268. 28; the monkeys broke the jewelled pillars and summits of watchtowers and threw on the town machines whose speed was checked and destroyed (by the summits of the towers) (bibhidus te maṇistambhān karṇāṭṭaśikharāṇi ca/ bhagnonmathitavegāni yantrāṇi ca vicikṣipuḥ) 3. 268. 29 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 284. 30: karṇas tiryagyānaṁ tena prakāreṇa yat pāṣāṇādivistareṇa kriyate tat tad gṛhaviśeṣaṁ karṇāṭṭam iti vadanti); the monkeys threw the ‘hundred killer’ missiles together with wheels and stones (hurled) by huḍas (?) inside Laṅkā (parigṛhya śataghnīś ca sacakrāḥ sahuḍopalāḥ/cikṣipur bhujavegena laṅkāmadhye) 3. 268. 30; the monkeys chased the Rākṣasas who stood on the protective walls (of Laṅkā) (prākārasthāś ca ye kecin niśācaragaṇāḥ) 3. 268. 31; then the Rākṣasas attacked the monkeys and cleared the walls (kṛto nirvānaro bhūyaḥ prākāro bhīmadarśanaiḥ) 3. 268. 34; the arrows of Rāma reached as far as Laṅkā and killed the Rākṣasas in it (śarajālāni vavarṣa…/tāni laṅkāṁ samāsādya jaghnus tān rajanīcarān); Lakṣmaṇa too felled down the Rākṣasas standing at the fortress (of Laṅkā) (durgasthān pātayām āsa rākṣasān) 3. 268. 38-39; there was much fighting in Laṅkā in which the targets were struck and victory was in view; then Rāma asked his armies to stop fighting (kṛte vimarde laṅkāyām labdhalakṣo jayottaraḥ//) 3. 268. 40 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 284. 41: labdhāḥ āyudhaiḥ prāptā lakṣyā vadhyā yasmin/avandhyaprahāra iti yāvat/jayottaro jayotkarṣavān);

(11) At the fall of Dhūmrākṣa, the Rākṣasas, attacked by the monkeys, fled back to Laṅkā in fear 3. 270. 16;

(12) Vajravega and Pramāthin, led by Kumbhakarṇa, came out of the town (Laṅkā) to fight with Rāma (tūrṇaṁ niryayatuḥ purāt) 3. 270. 29; (tato viniryāya purāt kumbhakarṇaḥ) 3. 271. 1;

(13) The empty chariot of Indrajit, when he and his charioteer were killed by Lakṣmaṇa, was taken inside Laṅkā by the horses (laṅkāṁ praveśayām āsur vājinas taṁ rathaṁ tadā) 3. 273. 25;

(14) Rāvaṇa came out (of the city) in his chariot for his fight with Rāma (niryayau ratham āsthāya) 3. 274. 1;

(15) After killing Rāvaṇa, Rāma gave Laṅkā to Vibhīṣaṇa 3. 275. 5;

(16) After making arrangements for the protection of Laṅkā Rāma, followed by Vibhīṣaṇa, crossed the ocean, along the same bridge, riding his Puṣpaka (rāmaḥ… vidhāya rakṣāṁ laṅkāyāṁ vibhīṣaṇapuraskṛtaḥ/saṁtatāra punas tena setunā makarālayam//puṣpakeṇa vimānena) 3. 275. 50-52.


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