Toluene

Toluene
Names
	IUPAC name Methylbenzene
	Ither names toluene; phenylmethane; toluol; Anisen
Identifiers
CAS Nummer	108-88-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive eemage;
ChEBI	CHEBI:17578 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL9113 ;
ChemSpider	1108 ;
DrugBank	DB01900 ;
KEGG	C01455 ;
PubChem CID	1140;
RTECS nummer	XS5250000
UNII	3FPU23BG52 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3 Key: YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3 Key: YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYAT;
	SMILES Cc1ccccc1;
Properties
Chemical formula	C7H8
Molar mass	92.14 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	0.87 g/mL (20 °C)
Meltin pynt	−95 °C (−139 °F; 178 K)
Bylin pynt	111 °C (232 °F; 384 K)
Solubility in watter	0.47 g/L (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD)	1.497 (20 °C)
Viscosity	0.590 cP (20 °C)
Structur
Dipole moment	0.36 D
Hazards
Main hazards	highly flammable
R-phrases	R11, R38, R48/20, R63, R65, R67
S-phrases	(S2), S36/37, S29, S46, S62
NFPA 704	3 2
Flash pynt	6 °C (43 °F; 279 K)
Threshold Leemit Value	50 mL m−3, 190 mg m−3
Relatit compoonds
	Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (whit is ?)
	Infobox references

Toluene is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners. It is a mono-substitution benzene derivative, i.e., in which a single hydrogen atom from a group of six atoms from the benzene molecule has been replaced bi a univalent group, in this case CH₃. As such, its IUPAC systematic name is methyl benzene.

It is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial feed for livestock and as a solvent. Like other solvents, toluene is sometimes an used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties; however, inhaling toluene has a potential to cause severe neurological harm.^[2]^[3] Toluene is an important organic solvent, but is an capable of dissolving a number of notable inorganic chemicals such as sulfur,^[4] iodine, bromine, phosphorus, an other non-polar covalent substances.

References

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Record in the GESTIS Substance Database frae the IFA
↑ Streicher HZ, Gabow PA, Moss AH, Kono D, Kaehny WD (1981). "Syndromes of toluene sniffing in adults". Annals of Internal Medicine. 94 (6): 758–62. PMID 7235417.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)
↑ Devathasan G, Low D, Teoh PC, Wan SH, Wong PK (1984). "Complications of chronic glue (toluene) abuse in adolescents". Aust N Z J Med. 14 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1984.tb03583.x. PMID 6087782.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)
↑ Hogan, C. Michael (2011), "Sulfur", in Jorgensen, A.; Cleveland, C. J. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Earth, Washington DC: National Council for Science and the Environment, retrieved 26 October 2012, Sulfur is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide, somewhat soluble in other non-polar organic solvents such as the aromatics benzene and toluene.

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Record in the GESTIS Substance Database frae the IFA

[2] Streicher HZ, Gabow PA, Moss AH, Kono D, Kaehny WD (1981). "Syndromes of toluene sniffing in adults". Annals of Internal Medicine. 94 (6): 758–62. PMID 7235417.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)

[3] Devathasan G, Low D, Teoh PC, Wan SH, Wong PK (1984). "Complications of chronic glue (toluene) abuse in adolescents". Aust N Z J Med. 14 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1984.tb03583.x. PMID 6087782.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)

[4] Hogan, C. Michael (2011), "Sulfur", in Jorgensen, A.; Cleveland, C. J. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Earth, Washington DC: National Council for Science and the Environment, retrieved 26 October 2012, Sulfur is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide, somewhat soluble in other non-polar organic solvents such as the aromatics benzene and toluene.

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