Roum

Aboot the oreegin o the name Roma several hypotheses hae been advancit.^[4] The maist important is the follaein:

• frae Rommylos (Romulus), son o Ascanius an foonder o the ceety;
• frae Rumon or Rumen, archaic name o Tiber. It haes the same ruit o the Greek verb ῥέω (rhèo) an o the Laitin verb ruo, whilk baith mean "flow";^[5]
• frae the Etruscan wird ruma, whase ruit is *rum-, "teat", wi possible reference aither tae the totem wouf that adoptit an soukit the cognately named twins Romulus an Remus, or tae the shape o Palatine an Aventine hills;
• frae the Greek wird ῤώμη (rhòme), whilk means strenth;^[6]

Accordin tae legend, Roum wis foondit on 21 Apryle 753 BC bi Romulus. He killt his twin brither namit Remus, wi whom he haed been raised bi a wouf, an became the first king o Roum. Efter Romulus, wha, amang ither things, creatit the Senate, thare wur, accordin tae legend, sax mair kings: Numa Pompilius, Tullo Ostilio, Anco Marzio, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, an Tarquinius Superbus.

At the end o the age o monarchy, began the Republican era, in whilk Roum, bi wey o increasin expansion, facit several conflicts: in 390 BC, efter struggles wi neebourin fowks, the toun wis invadit bi Gauls an atween the third an seicont century AD, focht again the rival Carthage, whilk then wis fangit an malafoustert bi the Roman airmy. But anerly wi Julius Caesar in the first century BC, did the ceety began tae grow significantly, inspecially taewart the Campo Marzio, at the north o Capitol, an its domain wis stendit tae Britannia. Caesar wis niver crouned emperor, a title whilk, housomeivver, fell tae his adoptit son Octavian wha teuk the throne unner the name o Augustus. Augustus "foond a ceety o bricks an left it o marble" an its predecessors wur nae less: thare wis nae emperor wha enriched its ceety wi new monuments, temples an triumphal airches.

Wi the decline o the Roman Empire, the ceety declined in importance an fell intae ruin. Pape Gregory I creatit major reforms for the fowk. The economy o the umwhile caipital wis a turnin point: we can say that frae that moment on, the ceety wis ruled bi the pape, an suin became the caipital o a state an aw, the Papal States, whilk remained active till the nineteent century. Even papes, like the emperors, became richer ower the centuries. The ceety o monuments an kirks wis cried the "caipital o Christendom", syne here stuid an still staunds the Basilica di San Giovanni Lateran, the maist important kirk o the warld. The pouer o the Pape lessened alang wi its state. In fact, on 20 September 1870, Garibaldi's airmy, whilk haed the task o unitin aw o Italy unner the croun o Savoy, entered the ceety through a breach opened in the waws at Porta Pia an, the same year, Roum became the caipital o the newborn state.

• Niccolò Cusano University

Roum wis the organiser o residence at the 1960 Simmer Olympics. Fitbaa is an important sport for the Romans, wi Serie A clubs AS Roma an SS Lazio is important.

 

Roum is syne 1956 exclusively an reciprocally twinned anerlie wi:

•   Paris, Fraunce

(in French) Seule Paris est digne de Rome; seule Rome est digne de Paris.

(in Italian) Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; solo Roma è degna di Parigi.

"Anerlie Paris is worthy o Roum; anerlie Roum is worthy o Paris."^[7][8][9]

Roum's sister an pairtner ceeties are: