Zhangzhou
Zhangzhou (Cheenese: 漳州; pinyin: Zhāngzhōu; Wade–Giles: Chang1-chou1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiang-chiu; formerly Lung-ch'i) is a prefectur-level ceety in soothren Fujian province, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae. Locatit on the banks o the Jiulong River (Beixi), Zhangzhou borders the ceeties o Xiamen an Quanzhou tae the northeast, Longyan tae the northwast an the province o Guangdong (Shantou Ceety) tae the soothwest.
Zhangzhou 漳州 Lung-ch'i | |
|---|---|
| 漳州市 | |
 | |
 Location o Zhangzhou Ceety jurisdiction in Fujian | |
  Zhangzhou Location in Cheenae | |
| Coordinates: 24°31′N 117°39′E / 24.517°N 117.650°E | |
| Kintra | Fowkrepublic o Cheenae |
| Province | Fujian |
| Area | |
| • Prefectur-level ceety | 12888 km2 (4,976 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 366 km2 (141 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3257 km2 (1,258 sq mi) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
| • Prefectur-level ceety | 4,809,983 |
| • Density | 370/km2 (970/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 596,165 |
| • Urban density | 1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 4,984,482 |
| • Metro density | 1,500/km2 (4,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (Cheenae Staundart) |
| Postal code | |
| Area code(s) | 596 |
| GDP | 2009[1] |
| - Tot | CNY 111.317 billion (USD 16.31 billion) |
| - Per capita | CNY 23,264 (USD 3,409) |
| - Growth |  13.3% |
| License Plate | 闽E |
| Local dialect | Min Nan: Zhangzhou dialect |
| Ceety trees | Cinnamomum camphora |
| Ceety flouers | Narcissus tazetta |
| Website | www.zhangzhou.gov.cn |
Zhangzhou is home tae 4,809,983 indwallers at the 2010 census whom those o Longwen an Xiacheng destricts are considered as urban. Thir twa destricts, thegither wi Longhai an Xiamen, fairm a metropolitan aurie that, as o 2010[update], is home tae aboot 5 million indwallers.
In aulder Inglis wirks, its name mey appear as Chang-chow or Changchow an in Sootheast Asian contexts it appears as Chiang-chew or Chiang Chew frae the Hokkien name.
Dialect
eeditThe main dialect spoken in Zhangzhou is Hokkien, ane o the major Min Nan leids/topolects. But offeecially, fowk uise Mandarin in govrenment, commerce an offeecial business.
History
eeditIn the early 20t century, Zhangzhou-fu wis surroondit bi 42 mile (68 km) o waw (in circumference). [2] Its streets wur paved wi granite, but struck some Wastren visitors as dirty, as reportit in the Encyclopædia Britannica. The Jiulong River wis crossed bi an 800-fit brig o widen planks supportit on twenty-five stane piers.[2] At this time, hivy silk tradin activity occurred in the ceety, while brick kilns an succar-manufactures wur amang its primary industrial activities.[2] In 1911, its population wis estimatit aroond 1,000,000.[2]
Zhangzhou's central urban aurie (nou Xiangcheng Destrict) wis occupied in Aprile an Mey 1932 bi a column o Communist guerrillas unner Mao Zedong. Due tae the presence o Wastren gunboats in Xiamen Bay, airms shipments frae the Soviet Union wur unable tae get up the Jiulong River tae Mao's forces an on tae the main Communist base aurie. Accordin tae some reports, Mao's forces teuk wi them a substantial amoont o loot frae bourgeois residents whan his column retreatit frae the ceety.[3]
Climate
eeditZhangzhou haes a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), wi mild tae wairm winters an lang, very het an humid simmers. The monthly 24-oor average temperatur ranges frae 13.2 °C (55.8 °F) in Januar tae 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) in Julie, an the annual mean is 21.3 °C (70.3 °F). The frost-free period lasts 330 days.
| Climate data for Zhangzhou (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average heich °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
27.8 (82.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.1 (91.6) |
31.2 (88.2) |
28.2 (82.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
| Average law °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
18.0 (64.4) |
| Average rainfaw mm (inches) | 41.0 (1.61) |
84.8 (3.34) |
114.0 (4.49) |
168.4 (6.63) |
207.2 (8.16) |
278.6 (10.97) |
171.9 (6.77) |
232.8 (9.17) |
170.0 (6.69) |
63.0 (2.48) |
38.2 (1.50) |
34.5 (1.36) |
1,604.4 (63.17) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.5 | 12.2 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 16.9 | 17.7 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 11.2 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 139.6 |
| Source: Wather Cheenae | |||||||||||||
Admeenistrative diveesions
eeditThe prefectur-level ceety o Zhangzhou admeenisters 2 destricts, 1 coonty-level ceety an 8 coonties.
- Xiangcheng Destrict (芗城区)
- Longwen Destrict (龙文区)
- Longhai Ceety (龙海市)
- Changtai Coonty (长泰县)
- Dongshan Coonty (东山县)
- Hua'an Coonty (华安县)
- Nanjing Coonty (南靖县)
- Pinghe Coonty (平和县)
- Yunxiao Coonty (云霄县)
- Zhangpu Coonty (漳浦县)
- Zhao'an Coonty (诏安县)
Transportation
eeditTwa passenger stations serve Zhangzhou:
- Zhangzhou East Railway Station on the aulder Yingtan–Xiamen Railway, northeast o the ceety
- Zhangzhou Railway Station on the heich-speed Longyan–Xiamen Railway, opened in 2012, sooth o the ceety
Eddication
eeditNotable fowk
eedit- Chen Yuanguang (陳元光), 657–711 CE, militar leader important in facilitatin Han-naitionality dounset an control o modren-day Fujian an northren Guangdong.
- Khaw Soo Cheang, 1786–1882, Sooth Cheenae Sea merchant an a ryally-favoured Govrenor in Thailand.
- Lin Yutang (林语堂), 1895–1976, internaitional author, cultural ambassador a inventor.
References
eedit- ↑ a b "漳州市2009年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Simplified Cheenese). Zhangzhou Municipal Statistic Bureau. 12 Mairch 2010. Archived frae the original on 28 Julie 2011. Retrieved 3 Mey 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)}
- ↑ a b c d Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Chang-Chow
- ↑ Zhang Rong/Jung Chang, Mao: the Unknown Story, 2005, p.117
Freemit airtins
eedit| Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae Zhangzhou. |
- Govrenment wabsteid o Zhangzhou Archived 2008-04-11 at the Wayback Machine (in Cheenese)
- Historic US Airmy cairt o Zhangzhou, 1945