Modul:Set

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                   Set                                          --
--                                                                                --
-- This module includes a number of set operations for dealing with Lua tables.   --
-- It currently has union, intersection and complement functions for both         --
-- key/value pairs and for values only.                                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

-- Get necessary libraries and functions
local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
local tableTools = require('Module:TableTools')

local p = {}

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

-- Makes a set from a table's values. Returns an array of all values with
-- duplicates removed.
local function makeValueSet(t)
	local isNan = tableTools.isNan
	local ret, exists = {}, {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		if isNan(v) then
			-- NaNs are always unique, and they can't be table keys, so don't
			-- check for existence.
			ret[#ret + 1] = v
		elseif not exists[v] then
			exists[v] = true
			ret[#ret + 1] = v
		end
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- union
--
-- This returns the union of the key/value pairs of n tables. If any of the tables
-- contain different values for the same table key, the table value is converted
-- to an array holding all of the different values.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.union(...)
	local lim = select('#', ...) 
	if lim < 2 then
		error("too few arguments to 'union' (minimum is 2, received " .. lim .. ')', 2)
	end
	local ret, trackArrays = {}, {}
	for i = 1, lim do
		local t = select(i, ...)
		checkType('union', i, t, 'table')
		for k, v in pairs(t) do
			local retKey = ret[k]
			if retKey == nil then
				ret[k] = v
			elseif retKey ~= v then
				if trackArrays[k] then
					local array = ret[k]
					local valExists
					for _, arrayVal in ipairs(array) do
						if arrayVal == v then
							valExists = true
							break
						end
					end
					if not valExists then
						array[#array + 1] = v
						ret[k] = array
					end
				else
					ret[k] = {ret[k], v}
					trackArrays[k] = true
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return ret
end				

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- valueUnion
--
-- This returns the union of the values of n tables, as an array. For example, for
-- the tables {1, 3, 4, 5, foo = 7} and {2, bar = 3, 5, 6}, union will return
-- {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.valueUnion(...)
	local lim = select('#', ...) 
	if lim < 2 then
		error("too few arguments to 'valueUnion' (minimum is 2, received " .. lim .. ')', 2)
	end
	local isNan = tableTools.isNan
	local ret, exists = {}, {}
	for i = 1, lim do
		local t = select(i, ...)
		checkType('valueUnion', i, t, 'table')
		for k, v in pairs(t) do
			if isNan(v) then
				ret[#ret + 1] = v
			elseif not exists[v] then
				ret[#ret + 1] = v
				exists[v] = true
			end
		end
	end
	return ret
end	

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- intersection
--
-- This returns the intersection of the key/value pairs of n tables. Both the key
-- and the value must match to be included in the resulting table.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.intersection(...)
	local lim = select('#', ...) 
	if lim < 2 then
		error("too few arguments to 'intersection' (minimum is 2, received " .. lim .. ')', 2)
	end
	local ret, track, pairCounts = {}, {}, {}
	for i = 1, lim do
		local t = select(i, ...)
		checkType('intersection', i, t, 'table')
		for k, v in pairs(t) do
			local trackVal = track[k]
			if trackVal == nil then
				track[k] = v
				pairCounts[k] = 1
			elseif trackVal == v then
				pairCounts[k] = pairCounts[k] + 1
			end
		end
	end
	for k, v in pairs(track) do
		if pairCounts[k] == lim then
			ret[k] = v
		end
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- valueIntersection
--
-- This returns the intersection of the values of n tables, as an array. For
-- example, for the tables {1, 3, 4, 5, foo = 7} and {2, bar = 3, 5, 6}, 
-- intersection will return {3, 5}.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

function p.valueIntersection(...)
	local lim = select('#', ...) 
	if lim < 2 then
		error("too few arguments to 'valueIntersection' (minimum is 2, received " .. lim .. ')', 2)
	end
	local isNan = tableTools.isNan
	local vals, ret = {}, {}
	local isSameTable = true -- Tracks table equality.
	local tableTemp -- Used to store the table from the previous loop so that we can check table equality.
	for i = 1, lim do
		local t = select(i, ...)
		checkType('valueIntersection', i, t, 'table')
		if tableTemp and t ~= tableTemp then
			isSameTable = false
		end
		tableTemp = t
		t = makeValueSet(t) -- Remove duplicates
		for k, v in pairs(t) do
			-- NaNs are never equal to any other value, so they can't be in the intersection.
			-- Which is lucky, as they also can't be table keys.
			if not isNan(v) then
				local valCount = vals[v] or 0
				vals[v] = valCount + 1
			end
		end
	end
	if isSameTable then
		-- If all the tables are equal, then the intersection is that table (including NaNs).
		-- All we need to do is convert it to an array and remove duplicate values.
		return makeValueSet(tableTemp)
	end
	for val, count in pairs(vals) do
		if count == lim then
			ret[#ret + 1] = val
		end
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- complement
--
-- This returns the relative complement of t1, t2, ..., in tn. The complement
-- is of key/value pairs. This is equivalent to all the key/value pairs that are in
-- tn but are not in t1, t2, ... tn-1.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.complement(...)
	local lim = select('#', ...) 
	if lim < 2 then
		error("too few arguments to 'complement' (minimum is 2, received " .. lim .. ')', 2)
	end
	--[[
	-- Now we know that we have at least two sets.
	-- First, get all the key/value pairs in tn. We can't simply make ret equal to tn,
	-- as that will affect the value of tn for the whole module.
	--]]
	local tn = select(lim, ...)
	checkType('complement', lim, tn, 'table')
	local ret = tableTools.shallowClone(tn)
	-- Remove all the key/value pairs in t1, t2, ..., tn-1.
	for i = 1, lim - 1 do
		local t = select(i, ...)
		checkType('complement', i, t, 'table')
		for k, v in pairs(t) do
			if ret[k] == v then
				ret[k] = nil
			end
		end
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- valueComplement
--
-- This returns an array containing the relative complement of t1, t2, ..., in tn.
-- The complement is of values only. This is equivalent to all the values that are
-- in tn but are not in t1, t2, ... tn-1.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.valueComplement(...)
	local lim = select('#', ...) 
	if lim < 2 then
		error("too few arguments to 'valueComplement' (minimum is 2, received " .. lim .. ')', 2)
	end
	local isNan = tableTools.isNan
	local ret, exists = {}, {}
	for i = 1, lim - 1 do
		local t = select(i, ...)
		checkType('valueComplement', i, t, 'table')
		t = makeValueSet(t) -- Remove duplicates
		for k, v in pairs(t) do
			if not isNan(v) then
				-- NaNs cannot be table keys, and they are also unique so cannot be equal to anything in tn.
				exists[v] = true
			end
		end
	end
	local tn = select(lim, ...)
	checkType('valueComplement', lim, tn, 'table')
	tn = makeValueSet(tn) -- Remove duplicates
	for k, v in pairs(tn) do
		if isNan(v) or exists[v] == nil then
			ret[#ret + 1] = v
		end
	end
	return ret
end

function p.contains(set, element)
	checkType('insert', 1, set, 'table', false)
	for k,v in pairs(set) do
		if v == element then return true end
	end
	return false
end

function p.insert(set, element)
	checkType('insert', 1, set, 'table', false)
	if not p.contains(set, element) then
		table.insert(set, element)
	end
end

return p