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Pannexin 1 channels mediate 'find-me' signal release and membrane permeability during apoptosis

Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):863-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09413.

Abstract

Apoptotic cells release 'find-me' signals at the earliest stages of death to recruit phagocytes. The nucleotides ATP and UTP represent one class of find-me signals, but their mechanism of release is not known. Here, we identify the plasma membrane channel pannexin 1 (PANX1) as a mediator of find-me signal/nucleotide release from apoptotic cells. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PANX1 led to decreased nucleotide release and monocyte recruitment by apoptotic cells. Conversely, PANX1 overexpression enhanced nucleotide release from apoptotic cells and phagocyte recruitment. Patch-clamp recordings showed that PANX1 was basally inactive, and that induction of PANX1 currents occurred only during apoptosis. Mechanistically, PANX1 itself was a target of effector caspases (caspases 3 and 7), and a specific caspase-cleavage site within PANX1 was essential for PANX1 function during apoptosis. Expression of truncated PANX1 (at the putative caspase cleavage site) resulted in a constitutively open channel. PANX1 was also important for the 'selective' plasma membrane permeability of early apoptotic cells to specific dyes. Collectively, these data identify PANX1 as a plasma membrane channel mediating the regulated release of find-me signals and selective plasma membrane permeability during apoptosis, and a new mechanism of PANX1 activation by caspases.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
  • Apoptosis* / drug effects
  • Carbenoxolone / pharmacology
  • Caspase 3 / metabolism
  • Caspase 7 / metabolism
  • Cell Membrane Permeability / physiology*
  • Chemotaxis / drug effects
  • Connexins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Connexins / deficiency
  • Connexins / genetics
  • Connexins / metabolism*
  • Electric Conductivity
  • Humans
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins / deficiency
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism*
  • Patch-Clamp Techniques
  • Phagocytes / cytology
  • Phagocytes / physiology
  • Phagocytosis* / drug effects
  • Uridine Triphosphate / metabolism

Substances

  • Connexins
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins
  • PANX1 protein, human
  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Caspase 3
  • Caspase 7
  • Carbenoxolone
  • Uridine Triphosphate