Pholcus

Pholcus
P. phalangioides
Classificação científica
Reino: Animalia Filo: Arthropoda Classe: Arachnida Ordem: Araneae Subordem: Araneomorphae Família: Pholcidae Género: Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805
Diversidade
c. 125 espécies
Espécies
P. nagasakiensis P. okinawaensis P. phalangioides P. opilionides  e muitas outras

Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805^[1] é um género de aranhas pertencentes à família Pholcidae, com cerca de 125 espécies,^[2] que inclui algumas aranhas domésticas, nomeadamente a espécie P. phalangioides.^[3]

As espécies pertencentes ao género Pholcus caracterizam-se por corpos comparativamente pequenos, com 4 a 15 mm de comprimento, pernas longas e com aspecto frágil. Coloração variável, mas predominando os tons de castanho, frequentemente com marcas distintivas no cefalotórax e abdómen. Os animais podem viver até aos 3 anos de idade. A postura é composta em geral por algumas dezenas de ovos, envoltos num casulo fino que é transportado nos pedipalpos da fêmea até à eclosão.

O género Pholcus é encontrada principalmente em climas quentes. As regiões onde o táxon apresenta maior biodiversidade são a China, a Ásia Central, o Sueste da Ásia e a Ásia Menor, embora esteja representado na Austrália, África e Américas. Algumas espécias apresentam marcada sinantropia, tendendo para o cosmopolitismo, com destaque para Pholcus phalangioides e Pholcus opilionides.

As espécies deste género são acribeladas, construindo teias tridimensionais difusas, constituídas por seda não adesiva, embora extremamente elástica e adaptada a climas quentes e húmidos.

The World Spider Catalog 13.0 aponta as seguintes espécies:^[4]

• Pholcus abstrusus Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus acerosus Peng & Zhang, 2011
• Pholcus acutulus Paik, 1978
• Pholcus aduncus Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus afghanus Senglet, 2008
• Pholcus agadir Huber, 2011
• Pholcus agilis Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus alloctospilus Zhu & Gong, 1991
• Pholcus alpinus Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus alticeps Spassky, 1932
• Pholcus amani Huber, 2011
• Pholcus anachoreta Dimitrov & Ribera, 2006
• Pholcus ancoralis L. Koch, 1865
• Pholcus andulau Huber, 2011
• Pholcus anlong Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
• Pholcus arayat Huber, 2011
• Pholcus arkit Huber, 2011
• Pholcus armeniacus Senglet, 1974
• Pholcus arsacius Senglet, 2008
• Pholcus atrigularis (Simon, 1901)
• Pholcus attuleh Huber, 2011
• Pholcus babao Tong & Li, 2010
• Pholcus bailongensis Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus baka Huber, 2011
• Pholcus bakweri Huber, 2011
• Pholcus baldiosensis Wunderlich, 1992
• Pholcus bamboutos Huber, 2011
• Pholcus bangfai Huber, 2011
• Pholcus bantouensis Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus batepa Huber, 2011
• Pholcus beijingensis Zhu & Song, 1999
• Pholcus berlandi Millot, 1941
• Pholcus bessus Zhu & Gong, 1991
• Pholcus bicornutus Simon, 1892
• Pholcus bidentatus Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Chen, 2005
• Pholcus bikilai Huber, 2011
• Pholcus bimbache Dimitrov & Ribera, 2006
• Pholcus bing Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus bohorok Huber, 2011
• Pholcus bolikhamsai Huber, 2011
• Pholcus bourgini Millot, 1941
• Pholcus brevis Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus calcar Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus calligaster Thorell, 1895
• Pholcus camba Huber, 2011
• Pholcus caspius Senglet, 2008
• Pholcus ceheng Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
• Pholcus chang Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus chappuisi Fage, 1936
• Pholcus chattoni Millot, 1941
• Pholcus cheaha Huber, 2011
• Pholcus chiangdao Huber, 2011
• Pholcus chicheng Tong & Li, 2010
• Pholcus choctaw Huber, 2011
• Pholcus cibodas Huber, 2011
• Pholcus circularis Kraus, 1960
• Pholcus clavatus Schenkel, 1936
• Pholcus clavimaculatus Zhu & Song, 1999
• Pholcus cophenius Senglet, 2008
• Pholcus corcho Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus corniger Dimitrov & Ribera, 2006
• Pholcus crassipalpis Spassky, 1937
• Pholcus crassus Paik, 1978
• Pholcus creticus Senglet, 1971
• Pholcus crypticolens Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
• Pholcus cuneatus Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus dade Huber, 2011
• Pholcus dali Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus datan Tong & Li, 2010
• Pholcus decorus Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus debilis (Thorell, 1899)
• Pholcus dentatus Wunderlich, 1995
• Pholcus dieban Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus diopsis Simon, 1901
• Pholcus dixie Huber, 2011
• Pholcus djelalabad Senglet, 2008
• Pholcus doucki Huber, 2011
• Pholcus dungara Huber, 2001
• Pholcus edentatus Campos & Wunderlich, 1995
• Pholcus elongatus (Yin & Wang, 1981)
• Pholcus elymaeus Senglet, 2008
• Pholcus erewan Huber, 2011
• Pholcus ethagala Huber, 2011
• Pholcus exceptus Tong & Li, 2009
• Pholcus exilis Tong & Li, 2010
• Pholcus extumidus Paik, 1978
• Pholcus fagei Kratochvíl, 1940
• Pholcus faveauxi (Lawrence, 1967)
• Pholcus fengcheng Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus fragillimus Strand, 1907
• Pholcus fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992
• Pholcus gangziensis Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus gaoi Song & Ren, 1994
• Pholcus genuiformis Wunderlich, 1995
• Pholcus gombak Huber, 2011
• Pholcus gomerae Wunderlich, 1980
• Pholcus gosuensis Kim & Lee, 2004
• Pholcus gracillimus Thorell, 1890
• Pholcus guadarfia Dimitrov & Ribera, 2007
• Pholcus guani Song & Ren, 1994
• Pholcus gui Zhu & Song, 1999
• Pholcus guineensis Millot, 1941
• Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011
• Pholcus hamatus Tong & Ji, 2010
• Pholcus harveyi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus helenae Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus henanensis Zhu & Mao, 1983
• Pholcus hieroglyphicus Pavesi, 1883
• Pholcus higoensis Irie & Ono, 2008
• Pholcus hoyo Huber, 2011
• Pholcus huapingensis Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus huberi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus hurau Huber, 2011
• Pholcus hyrcanus Senglet, 1974
• Pholcus hytaspus Senglet, 2008
• Pholcus imbricatus Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus intricatus Dimitrov & Ribera, 2003
• Pholcus jaegeri Huber, 2011
• Pholcus jiaotu Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus jinniu Tong & Li, 2010
• Pholcus jinwum Huber, 2001
• Pholcus jiulong Tong & Li, 2010
• Pholcus jiuwei Tong & Ji, 2010
• Pholcus jixianensis Zhu & Yu, 1983
• Pholcus joreongensis Seo, 2004
• Pholcus jusahi Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kakum Huber, 2009
• Pholcus kamkaly Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kandahar Senglet, 2008
• Pholcus kangding Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus kapuri Tikader, 1977
• Pholcus karawari Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kerinci Huber, 2011
• Pholcus khene Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kihansi Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kimi Song & Zhu, 1994
• Pholcus kinabalu Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kindia Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kingi Huber, 2011
• Pholcus knoeseli Wunderlich, 1992
• Pholcus koah Huber, 2001
• Pholcus koasati Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kohi Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kribi Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kui Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus kunming Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus kwamgumi Huber, 2011
• Pholcus kwanaksanensis Namkung & Kim, 1990
• Pholcus kwangkyosanensis Kim & Park, 2009
• Pholcus kyondo Huber, 2011
• Pholcus laksao Huber, 2011
• Pholcus lambertoni Millot, 1946
• Pholcus lamperti Strand, 1907
• Pholcus lanieri Huber, 2011
• Pholcus ledang Huber, 2011
• Pholcus leruthi Lessert, 1935
• Pholcus lexuancanhi Yao, Pham & Li, 2012
• Pholcus lijiangensis Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus lilangai Huber, 2011
• Pholcus lingulatus Gao, Gao & Zhu, 2002
• Pholcus linzhou Zhang & Zhang, 2000
• Pholcus liui Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus liutu Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus lualaba Huber, 2011
• Pholcus luding Tong & Li, 2010
• Pholcus luki Huber, 2011
• Pholcus lupanga Huber, 2011
• Pholcus madeirensis Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus magnus Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus malpaisensis Wunderlich, 1992
• Pholcus manueli Gertsch, 1937
• Pholcus mao Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus maronita Brignoli, 1977
• Pholcus mascaensis Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus maturata Huber, 2011
• Pholcus mazumbai Huber, 2011
• Pholcus mbuti Huber, 2011
• Pholcus mecheria Huber, 2011
• Pholcus medicus Senglet, 1974
• Pholcus medog Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2006
• Pholcus mengla Song & Zhu, 1999
• Pholcus mentawir Huber, 2011
• Pholcus mianshanensis Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus minang Huber, 2011
• Pholcus mirabilis Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus moca Huber, 2011
• Pholcus montanus Paik, 1978
• Pholcus multidentatus Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus muralicola Maughan & Fitch, 1976
• Pholcus nagasakiensis Strand, 1918
• Pholcus namkhan Huber, 2011
• Pholcus namou Huber, 2011
• Pholcus negara Huber, 2011
• Pholcus nenjukovi Spassky, 1936
• Pholcus nkoetye Huber, 2011
• Pholcus nodong Huber, 2011
• Pholcus obscurus Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus oculosus Zhang & Zhang, 2000
• Pholcus okgye Huber, 2011
• Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781)
• Pholcus ornatus Bösenberg, 1895
• Pholcus otomi Huber, 2011
• Pholcus ovatus Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus pagbilao Huber, 2011
• Pholcus pakse Huber, 2011
• Pholcus papilionis Peng & Zhang, 2011
• Pholcus paralinzhou Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus parayichengicus Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus parkyeonensis Kim & Yoo, 2009
• Pholcus parthicus Senglet, 2008
• Pholcus parvus Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus pennatus Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2005
• Pholcus persicus Senglet, 1974
• Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)
• Pholcus phoenixus Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus phui Huber, 2011
• Pholcus phungiformes Oliger, 1983
• Pholcus pojeonensis Kim & Yoo, 2008
• Pholcus ponticus Thorell, 1875
• Pholcus pyu Huber, 2011
• Pholcus qingchengensis Gao, Gao & Zhu, 2002
• Pholcus quinghaiensis Song & Zhu, 1999
• Pholcus quinquenotatus Thorell, 1878
• Pholcus reevesi Huber, 2011
• Pholcus roquensis Wunderlich, 1992
• Pholcus ruteng Huber, 2011
• Pholcus saaristoi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus sabah Huber, 2011
• Pholcus satun Huber, 2011
• Pholcus schwendingeri Huber, 2011
• Pholcus sepaku Huber, 2011
• Pholcus shangrila Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus shuangtu Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus sidorenkoi Dunin, 1994
• Pholcus silvai Wunderlich, 1995
• Pholcus simbok Huber, 2011
• Pholcus singalang Huber, 2011
• Pholcus socheunensis Paik, 1978
• Pholcus sogdianae Brignoli, 1978
• Pholcus sokkrisanensis Paik, 1978
• Pholcus songi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus songxian Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus soukous Huber, 2011
• Pholcus spasskyi Brignoli, 1978
• Pholcus spiliensis Wunderlich, 1995
• Pholcus spilis Zhu & Gong, 1991
• Pholcus steineri Huber, 2011
• Pholcus strandi Caporiacco, 1941
• Pholcus sublingulatus Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus suboculosus Peng & Zhang, 2011
• Pholcus subwuyiensis Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus sudhami Huber, 2011
• Pholcus suizhongicus Zhu & Song, 1999
• Pholcus sumatraensis Wunderlich, 1995
• Pholcus sveni Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus taarab Huber, 2011
• Pholcus tahai Huber, 2011
• Pholcus taibaiensis Wang & Zhu, 1992
• Pholcus taibeli Caporiacco, 1949
• Pholcus taishan Song & Zhu, 1999
• Pholcus taita Huber, 2011
• Pholcus tenerifensis Wunderlich, 1987
• Pholcus thakek Huber, 2011
• Pholcus tongi Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus triangulatus Zhang & Zhang, 2000
• Pholcus tuoyuan Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus turcicus Wunderlich, 1980
• Pholcus tuyan Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus twa Huber, 2011
• Pholcus undatus Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus varirata Huber, 2011
• Pholcus vatovae Caporiacco, 1940
• Pholcus velitchkovskyi Kulczynski, 1913
• Pholcus vesculus Simon, 1901
• Pholcus wahehe Huber, 2011
• Pholcus wangi Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus wangtian Tong & Ji, 2010
• Pholcus wangxidong Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus woongil Huber, 2011
• Pholcus wuling Tong & Li, 2010
• Pholcus wuyiensis Zhu & Gong, 1991
• Pholcus xiaotu Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus xingren Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
• Pholcus xingyi Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
• Pholcus yangi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus yeongwol Huber, 2011
• Pholcus yi Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus yichengicus Zhu, Tu & Shi, 1986
• Pholcus yoshikurai Irie, 1997
• Pholcus youngae Huber, 2011
• Pholcus yuantu Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus yugong Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus yunnanensis Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus zham Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2006
• Pholcus zhangae Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus zhui Yao & Li, 2012
• Pholcus zhuolu Zhang & Zhu, 2009
• Pholcus zichyi Kulczynski, 1901

• Portia labiata

Notas

1. ↑ Walckenaer, 1805 : Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, pp. 1-88.
2. ↑ Norman I. Platnick, 2008. The World Spider Catalog, Version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History.
3. ↑ Platnick, Norman I. (2010):The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History
4. ↑ Platnick, 2012 : The world spider catalog (American Museum of Natural History).

Referências

[editar | editar código-fonte]

• Heimer, Stefan; Nentwig, Wolfgang: Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Paul Parey, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3489535340
• Heiko Bellmann: Spinnentiere Europas. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-09071-X

Ligações externas

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O Commons possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Pholcus

O Wikispecies tem informações sobre: Pholcus

• Platnick's The World Spider Catalog