Displaying 1-10 of 26 results found.
a(n)/ A163403(n) = the total length of the lines drawn at generation n for Conant's dissection of a square with size 1.
+20
2
1, 1, 3, 5, 9, 17, 37, 73, 141, 273, 541, 1065, 2085, 4081, 8013, 15737, 30869, 60545, 118781, 233097, 457317, 897233, 1760269, 3453785, 6776181, 13294881, 26083869, 51176745, 100407301, 196998513, 386505517, 758320121, 1487807381, 4137567061
COMMENTS
This sequence is the numerator of the fraction which gives the total length of the lines drawn at generation n for Conant's dissection of a square, assuming the square has a size of 1 unit. The corresponding denominator is given by A163403(n). See A328078 for a description of the iterative dissection and images of the dissection after generation n.
FORMULA
Empirical g.f.: -(4*x^6 + 4*x^3 - 2*x^2 + 2*x + 3)/(4*x^7 - 4*x^6 + 4*x^4 - 2*x^3 + 2*x^2 + x - 1).
EXAMPLE
a(1) = 1 as the first dissection line is from the bottom to the top of the square giving a total drawn length of 1/1 = 1/ A163403(1) = 1. a(2) = 1 as the second dissection line is from the left edge to halfway across the square toward the right edge, giving a total drawn length of 1/2 = 1/ A163403(2) = 0.5. a(3) = 3 as the third dissection draws two lines from the bottom edge toward the top edge, one of length 1/2 the other of length 1, giving a total drawn length of 1/2 + 1 = 3/2 = 3/ A163403(3) = 1.5. a(4) = 5 as the fourth dissection draws two lines from the left edge toward the right edge, each line being broken into two smaller lines. The total drawn length of the four smaller lines is 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 5/4 = 5/ A163403(4) = 1.25. a(5) = 9 as the fifth dissection draws four lines from the bottom edge toward the top edge, two lines being broken into two smaller lines. The total drawn length of the six lines is 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 3/4 = 9/4 = 9/ A163403(5) = 2.25.
1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 16, 16, 32, 32, 64, 64, 128, 128, 256, 256, 512, 512, 1024, 1024, 2048, 2048, 4096, 4096, 8192, 8192, 16384, 16384, 32768, 32768, 65536, 65536, 131072, 131072, 262144, 262144, 524288, 524288, 1048576, 1048576, 2097152
COMMENTS
Powers of 2 doubled up. The usual OEIS policy is to omit the duplicates in such cases (when this would become A000079). This is an exception. Number of symmetric compositions of n: e.g., 5 = 2+1+2 = 1+3+1 = 1+1+1+1+1 so a(5) = 4; 6 = 3+3 = 2+2+2 = 1+4+1 = 2+1+1+2 = 1+2+2+1 = 1+1+2+1+1 = 1+1+1+1+1+1 so a(6) = 8. - Henry Bottomley, Dec 10 2001 Starting with offset 1 = binomial transform of [1, 1, -1, 3, -7, 17, -41, ...]; where A001333 = (1, 1, 3, 7, 17, 41, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 25 2009 a(n+1) is the number of symmetric subsets of [n]={1,2,...,n}. A subset S of [n] is symmetric if k is an element of S implies (n-k+1) is an element of S. - Dennis P. Walsh, Oct 27 2009 Pisano period lengths: 1, 1, 4, 1, 8, 4, 6, 1, 12, 8, 20, 4, 24, 6, 8, 1, 16, 12, 36, 8, ... . - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012 Range of row n of the Circular Pascal array of order 4. - Shaun V. Ault, May 30 2014 a(n) is the number of permutations of length n avoiding both 213 and 312 in the classical sense which are breadth-first search reading words of increasing unary-binary trees. For more details, see the entry for permutations avoiding 231 at A245898. - Manda Riehl, Aug 05 2014 Also, the decimal representation of the diagonal from the origin to the corner (and from the corner to the origin except for the initial term) of the n-th stage of growth of the two-dimensional cellular automaton defined by "Rule 190", based on the 5-celled von Neumann neighborhood when initialized with a single black (ON) cell at stage zero. - Robert Price, May 10 2017 a(n + 1) + n - 1, n > 0, is the number of maximal subsemigroups of the monoid of partial order-preserving or -reversing mappings on a set with n elements. See the East et al. link. - James Mitchell and Wilf A. Wilson, Jul 21 2017 Number of symmetric stairs with n cells. A stair is a snake polyomino allowing only two directions for adjacent cells: east and north. See A005418. - Christian Barrientos, May 11 2018 For n >= 4, a(n) is the exponent of the group of the Gaussian integers in a reduced system modulo (1+i)^(n+2). See A302254. - Jianing Song, Jun 27 2018 a(n) is the number of length-(n+1) binary sequences, denoted <s(1),...,s(n+1)>, with s(1)=1 and with s(i+1)=s(i) for odd i. - Dennis P. Walsh, Sep 06 2018 a(n+1) is the number of subsets of {1,2,..,n} in which all differences between successive elements of subsets are even. For example, for n = 7, a(6) = 8 and the 8 subsets are {7}, {1,7}, {3,7}, {5,7}, {1,3,7}, {1,5,7}, {3,5,7}, {1,3,5,7}. For odd differences between elements see Comment in A000045 (Fibonacci numbers). - Enrique Navarrete, Jul 01 2020
LINKS
Emeric Deutsch, Problem 1633, Math. Mag., 74 #5 (2001), p. 403.
FORMULA
a(n) = a(n-1)*a(n-2)/a(n-3) = 2*a(n-2) = 2^ A004526(n). G.f.: (1+x)/(1-2*x^2).
a(n) = (1/2 + sqrt(1/8))*sqrt(2)^n + (1/2 - sqrt(1/8))*(-sqrt(2))^n. - Ralf Stephan, Mar 11 2003 E.g.f.: cosh(sqrt(2)*x) + sinh(sqrt(2)*x)/sqrt(2). - Paul Barry, Jul 16 2003 The signed sequence (-1)^n*2^floor(n/2) has a(n) = (sqrt(2))^n(1/2 - sqrt(2)/4) + (-sqrt(2))^n(1/2 + sqrt(2)/4). It is the inverse binomial transform of A000129(n-1). - Paul Barry, Apr 21 2004 Diagonal sums of A046854. a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(floor(n/2), k). - Paul Barry, Jul 07 2004 a(n) = a(n-2) + 2^floor((n-2)/2). - Paul Barry, Jul 14 2004 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(floor(n/2), floor(k/2)). - Paul Barry, Jul 15 2004 E.g.f.: cosh(asinh(1) + sqrt(2)*x)/sqrt(2). - Michael Somos, Feb 28 2005 a(n) = 2^(n/2)*((1 + (-1)^n)/2 + (1-(-1)^n)/(2*sqrt(2))). - Paul Barry, Nov 12 2009 a(n) = 2^((2*n - 1 + (-1)^n)/4). - Luce ETIENNE, Sep 20 2014
EXAMPLE
For n=5 the a(5)=4 symmetric subsets of [4] are {1,4}, {2,3}, {1,2,3,4} and the empty set. - Dennis P. Walsh, Oct 27 2009 For n=5 the a(5)=4 length-6 binary sequences are <1,1,0,0,0,0>, <1,1,0,0,1,1>, <1,1,1,1,0,0> and <1,1,1,1,1,1>. - Dennis P. Walsh, Sep 06 2018
MATHEMATICA
With[{c=2^Range[0, 30]}, Riffle[c, c]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 23 2015 *) CoefficientList[Series[(1+x)/(1-2*x^2), {x, 0, 50}], x] (* Stefano Spezia, Sep 07 2018 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)=if(n<0, 0, 2^(n\2))
(Maxima) makelist(2^floor(n/2), n, 0, 50); /* Martin Ettl, Oct 17 2012 */ (Sage)
x, y = -1, 0
while True:
yield -x
x, y = x + y, x - y
(Python)
CROSSREFS
See A052955 for partial sums (without the initial term). A000079 gives the odd-indexed terms of a(n).
The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent: A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A060482, A136252 (minor differences from A354788 at the start); A354785 (3*s(n)), A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
a(2*n) = 3*2^n - 2; a(2*n+1) = 2^(n+2) - 2.
+10
115
1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 22, 30, 46, 62, 94, 126, 190, 254, 382, 510, 766, 1022, 1534, 2046, 3070, 4094, 6142, 8190, 12286, 16382, 24574, 32766, 49150, 65534, 98302, 131070, 196606, 262142, 393214, 524286, 786430, 1048574, 1572862, 2097150, 3145726, 4194302, 6291454
COMMENTS
Number of balanced strings of length n: let d(S) = #(1's) - #(0's), # == count in S, then S is balanced if every substring T of S has -2 <= d(T) <= 2.
Number of "fold lines" seen when a rectangular piece of paper is folded n+1 times along alternate orthogonal directions and then unfolded. - Quim Castellsaguer (qcastell(AT)pie.xtec.es), Dec 30 1999
Also the number of binary strings with the property that, when scanning from left to right, once the first 1 is seen in position j, there must be a 1 in positions j+2, j+4, ... until the end of the string. (Positions j+1, j+3, ... can be occupied by 0 or 1.) - Jeffrey Shallit, Sep 02 2002 a(n) = DPE(n+1) is the total number of k-double-palindromes of n up to cyclic equivalence. See sequence A180918 for the definitions of a k-double-palindrome of n and of cyclic equivalence. Sequence A180918 is the 'DPE(n,k)' triangle read by rows where DPE(n,k) is the number of k-double-palindromes of n up to cyclic equivalence. For example, we have a(4) = DPE(5) = DPE(5,1) + DPE(5,2) + DPE(5,3) + DPE(5,4) + DPE(5,5) = 0 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 6. The 6 double-palindromes of 5 up to cyclic equivalence are 14, 23, 113, 122, 1112, 11111. They come from cyclic equivalence classes {14,41}, {23,32}, {113,311,131}, {122,212,221}, {1112,2111,1211,1121}, and {11111}. Hence a(n)=DPE(n+1) is the total number of cyclic equivalence classes of n containing at least one double-palindrome.
(End)
For n > 0, there is a red-black tree of height n with a(n-1) internal nodes and none with less.
In order a red-black tree of given height has minimal number of nodes, it has exactly 1 path with strictly alternating red and black nodes. All nodes outside this height defining path are black.
Consider:
mrbt5 R
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ B
/ / \
mrbt4 B / B
/ \ B E E
/ B E E
mrbt3 R E E
/ \
/ B
mrbt2 B E E
/ E
mrbt1 R
E E
(Red nodes shown as R, blacks as B, externals as E.)
Red-black trees mrbt1, mrbt2, mrbt3, mrbt4, mrbt5 of respective heights h = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; all minimal in the number of internal nodes, namely 1, 2, 4, 6, 10.
Recursion (let n = h-1): a(-1) = 0, a(n) = a(n-1) + 2^floor(n/2), n >= 0.
(End)
Also the number of strings of length n with the digits 1 and 2 with the property that the sum of the digits of all substrings of uneven length is not divisible by 3. An example with length 8 is 21221121. - Herbert Kociemba, Apr 29 2017 a(n-2) is the number of achiral n-bead necklaces or bracelets using exactly two colors. For n=4, the four arrangements are AAAB, AABB, ABAB, and ABBB. - Robert A. Russell, Sep 26 2018 Partial sums of powers of 2 repeated 2 times, like A200672 where is 3 times. - Yuchun Ji, Nov 16 2018 Also the number of binary words of length n with cuts-resistance <= 2, where, for the operation of shortening all runs by one, cuts-resistance is the number of applications required to reach an empty word. Explicitly, these are words whose sequence of run-lengths, all of which are 1 or 2, has no odd-length run of 1's sandwiched between two 2's. - Gus Wiseman, Nov 28 2019 Also the number of up-down paths with n steps such that the height difference between the highest and lowest points is at most 2. - Jeremy Dover, Jun 17 2020 Also the number of non-singleton integer compositions of n + 2 with no odd part other than the first or last. Including singletons gives A052955. This is an unsorted (or ordered) version of A351003. The version without even (instead of odd) interior parts is A001911, complement A232580. Note that A000045(n-1) counts compositions without odd parts, with non-singleton case A077896, and A052952/ A074331 count non-singleton compositions without even parts. Also the number of compositions y of n + 1 such that y_i = y_{i+1} for all even i. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 19 2022
REFERENCES
John P. McSorley: Counting k-compositions of n with palindromic and related structures. Preprint, 2010. [ John P. McSorley, Sep 28 2010]
LINKS
Leonard F. Klosinski, Gerald L. Alexanderson and Loren C. Larson, Under misprinted head B3, Amer Math. Monthly, 104(1997) 753-754.
FORMULA
a(0)=1, a(1)=2; thereafter a(n+2) = 2*a(n) + 2.
a(2n-1) = 2^(n+1) - 2 = A000918(n+1). G.f.: (1 + x)/((1 - x)*(1 - 2*x^2)). - David Callan, Jul 22 2008 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} 2^min(k, n-k).
a(n) = 2^floor((n+2)/2) + 2^floor((n+1)/2) - 2. - Quim Castellsaguer (qcastell(AT)pie.xtec.es)
a(n) = 2^(n/2)*(3 + 2*sqrt(2) + (3-2*sqrt(2))*(-1)^n)/2 - 2. - Paul Barry, Apr 23 2004 G.f.: (1 + x)/((1 - x)*(1 - 2*x^2)). - David Callan, Jul 22 2008 a(n) = 2*( (a(n-2)+1) mod (a(n-1)+1) ), n > 1. - Pierre Charland, Dec 12 2010 G.f.: (1+x*R(0))/(1-x), where R(k) = 1 + 2*x/( 1 - x/(x + 1/R(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 16 2013 a(n) = 2^((2*n + 3*(1-(-1)^n))/4)*3^((1+(-1)^n)/2) - 2. - Luce ETIENNE, Sep 01 2014 a(n) = a(n-1) + 2^floor((n-1)/2) for n>0, a(0)=1. - Yuchun Ji, Nov 23 2018 E.g.f.: 3*cosh(sqrt(2)*x) - 2*cosh(x) + 2*sqrt(2)*sinh(sqrt(2)*x) - 2*sinh(x). - Stefano Spezia, Apr 06 2022
EXAMPLE
After 3 folds one sees 4 fold lines.
Example: a(3) = 6 because the strings 001, 010, 100, 011, 101, 110 have the property.
Binary: 1, 10, 100, 110, 1010, 1110, 10110, 11110, 101110, 111110, 1011110, 1111110, 10111110, 11111110, 101111110, 111111110, 1011111110, 1111111110, 10111111110, ... - Jason Kimberley, Nov 02 2011 Example: Partial sums of powers of 2 repeated 2 times:
a(3) = 1+1+2 = 4;
a(4) = 1+1+2+2 = 6;
a(5) = 1+1+2+2+4 = 10.
MAPLE
a[0]:=0:a[1]:=1:for n from 2 to 100 do a[n]:=2*a[n-2]+2 od: seq(a[n], n=1..41); # Zerinvary Lajos, Mar 16 2008
MATHEMATICA
a[n_?EvenQ] := 3*2^(n/2)-2; a[n_?OddQ] := 2^(2+(n-1)/2)-2; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 40}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 21 2011, after Quim Castellsaguer *) Table[Length[Select[Tuples[{0, 1}, n], And[Max@@Length/@Split[#]<=2, !MatchQ[Length/@Split[#], {___, 2, ins:1.., 2, ___}/; OddQ[Plus[ins]]]]&]], {n, 0, 15}] (* Gus Wiseman, Nov 28 2019 *)
PROG
(Magma) [2^Floor((n+2)/2)+2^Floor((n+1)/2)-2: n in [0..50]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2011 (Haskell)
import Data.List (transpose)
a027383 n = a027383_list !! n
a027383_list = concat $ transpose [a033484_list, drop 2 a000918_list]
(Python)
def a(n): return 2**((n+2)//2) + 2**((n+1)//2) - 2
CROSSREFS
Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), this sequence (k=3), A062318 (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 30 2011 Cf. A000066 (actual order of a (3,g)-cage). a(n) = A305540(n+2,2), the second column of the triangle. Numbers whose binary expansion is a balanced word are A330029. The complementary compositions are counted by A274230(n-1) + 1, with bisections A060867 (even) and A134057 (odd). The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent: A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A060482, A136252 (minor differences from A354788 at the start); A354785 (3*s(n)), A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), Mar 24 2000
Numbers of the form 2^n or 3*2^n.
+10
110
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128, 192, 256, 384, 512, 768, 1024, 1536, 2048, 3072, 4096, 6144, 8192, 12288, 16384, 24576, 32768, 49152, 65536, 98304, 131072, 196608, 262144, 393216, 524288, 786432, 1048576, 1572864, 2097152, 3145728, 4194304
COMMENTS
This entry is a list, and so has offset 1. WARNING: However, in this entry several comments, formulas and programs seem to refer to the original version of this sequence which had offset 0. - M. F. Hasler, Oct 06 2014 Number of necklaces with n-1 beads and two colors that are the same when turned over and hence have reflection symmetry. [edited by Herbert Kociemba, Nov 24 2016] The subset {a(1),...,a(2k)} contains all proper divisors of 3*2^k. - Ralf Stephan, Jun 02 2003 Let k = any nonnegative integer and j = 0 or 1. Then n+1 = 2k + 3j and a(n) = 2^k*3^j. - Andras Erszegi (erszegi.andras(AT)chello.hu), Jul 30 2005
a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) - gcd(a(n-1), a(n-2)), n >= 3, a(1)=2, a(2)=3. - Ctibor O. Zizka, Jun 06 2009 Known in numerical mathematics as "Bulirsch sequence", used in various extrapolation methods for step size control. - Peter Luschny, Oct 30 2019 For n > 1, squares of the terms can be expressed as the sum of two powers of two: 2^x + 2^y. - Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Sep 08 2022
LINKS
Spencer Daugherty, Pamela E. Harris, Ian Klein, and Matt McClinton, Metered Parking Functions, arXiv:2406.12941 [math.CO], 2024. See pp. 11, 22. Michael De Vlieger, Thomas Scheuerle, Rémy Sigrist, N. J. A. Sloane, and Walter Trump, The Binary Two-Up Sequence, arXiv:2209.04108 [math.CO], Sep 11 2022. John P. McSorley and Alan H. Schoen, Rhombic tilings of (n,k)-ovals, (n, k, lambda)-cyclic difference sets, and related topics, Discrete Math., 313 (2013), 129-154. - From N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 26 2012
FORMULA
For n > 2, a(n) = 2*a(n - 2); for n > 3, a(n) = a(n - 1)*a(n - 2)/a(n - 3). G.f.: (1 + x)^2/(1 - 2*x^2). - Henry Bottomley, Jul 15 2001, corrected May 04 2007 a(0)=1, a(1)=1 and a(n) = a(n-2) * ( floor(a(n-1)/a(n-2)) + 1 ). - Benoit Cloitre, Aug 13 2002 (3/4 + sqrt(1/2))*sqrt(2)^n + (3/4 - sqrt(1/2))*(-sqrt(2))^n. a(0)=1, a(2n) = a(n-1)*a(n), a(2n+1) = a(n) + 2^floor((n-1)/2). - Ralf Stephan, Apr 16 2003 [Seems to refer to the original version with offset=0. - M. F. Hasler, Oct 06 2014] E.g.f.: (cosh(x/sqrt(2)) + sqrt(2)sinh(x/sqrt(2)))^2.
a(n) = sqrt((17 - (-1)^n)*2^(n-4)) for n >= 2. - Anton Zakharov, Jul 24 2016 a(n) = 2^(n/2) if n is even. a(n) = 3 * 2^((n-3)/2) if n is odd and for n>1. - Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Sep 08 2022
MAPLE
1, seq(op([2^i, 3*2^(i-1)]), i=1..100); # Robert Israel, Sep 23 2014
MATHEMATICA
Function[w, DeleteCases[Union@ Flatten@ w, k_ /; k > Max@ First@ w]]@ TensorProduct[{1, 3}, 2^Range[0, 22]] (* Michael De Vlieger, Nov 24 2016 *) LinearRecurrence[{0, 2}, {1, 2, 3}, 50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 04 2017 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)=if(n%2, 3/2, 2)<<((n-1)\2)\1
(Haskell)
a029744 n = a029744_list !! (n-1)
a029744_list = 1 : iterate
(\x -> if x `mod` 3 == 0 then 4 * x `div` 3 else 3 * x `div` 2) 2
(Scheme) (define ( A029744 n) (cond ((<= n 1) n) ((even? n) (expt 2 (/ n 2))) (else (* 3 (expt 2 (/ (- n 3) 2)))))) ;; Antti Karttunen, Sep 23 2014 (Python)
if n == 1: return 1
elif n % 2 == 0: return 2**(n//2)
CROSSREFS
First differences are in A016116(n-1). The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent. There may be minor differences from (s(n)) at the start, and a shift of indices. A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A060482 (s(n)-3); A136252 (s(n)-3); A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A354785 (3*s(n)), A061776 (3*s(n)-6); A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
EXTENSIONS
Corrected and extended by Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org), Feb 20 2000
a(2n) = 2*2^n - 1, a(2n+1) = 3*2^n - 1.
+10
62
1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, 23, 31, 47, 63, 95, 127, 191, 255, 383, 511, 767, 1023, 1535, 2047, 3071, 4095, 6143, 8191, 12287, 16383, 24575, 32767, 49151, 65535, 98303, 131071, 196607, 262143, 393215, 524287, 786431, 1048575, 1572863, 2097151, 3145727
COMMENTS
a(n) is the least k such that A056792(k) = n. One quarter of the number of positive integer (n+2) X (n+2) arrays with every 2 X 2 subblock summing to 1. - R. H. Hardin, Sep 29 2008 Number of length n+1 left factors of Dyck paths having no DUU's (here U=(1,1) and D=(1,-1)). Example: a(4)=7 because we have UDUDU, UUDDU, UUDUD, UUUDD, UUUDU, UUUUD, and UUUUU (the paths UDUUD, UDUUU, and UUDUU do not qualify).
a(n - 1), n > 1, is the number of maximal subsemigroups of the monoid of order-preserving or -reversing partial injective mappings on a set with n elements. - Wilf A. Wilson, Jul 21 2017 Number of monomials of the algebraic normal form of the Boolean function representing the n-th bit of the product 3x in terms of the bits of x. - Sebastiano Vigna, Oct 04 2020
FORMULA
a(0)=1, a(1)=2; thereafter a(n) = 2*a(n-2) + 1, n >= 2.
G.f.: (1 + x - x^2)/((1 - x)*(1 - 2*x^2)).
a(n) = -1 + Sum_{alpha = RootOf(-1 + 2*Z^2)} (1/4) * (3 + 4*alpha) * alpha^(-1-n). (That is, the sum is indexed by the roots of the polynomial -1 + 2*Z^2.)
a(n) = 2^(n/2) * (3*sqrt(2)/4 + 1 - (3*sqrt(2)/4 - 1) * (-1)^n) - 1. - Paul Barry, May 23 2004 a(2n+1) = (a(2*n) + a(2*n+2))/2. Combined with a(n) = 2*a(n-2) + 1, n >= 2 and a(0) = 1, this specifies the sequence. - Richard R. Forberg, Nov 30 2013 a(n) = ((5 - (-1)^n)/2)*2^((2*n - 1 + (-1)^n)/4) - 1. - Luce ETIENNE, Sep 20 2014 E.g.f.: (1/4)*exp(-sqrt(2)*x)*(4 - 3*sqrt(2) + (4 + 3*sqrt(2))*exp(2*sqrt(2)*x) - 4*exp(x + sqrt(2)*x)). - Stefano Spezia, Oct 22 2019
EXAMPLE
G.f. = 1 + 2*x + 3*x^2 + 5*x^3 + 7*x^4 + 11*x^5 + 15*x^6 + 23*x^7 + ... - Michael Somos, Jun 24 2018
MAPLE
spec := [S, {S=Prod(Sequence(Prod(Union(Z, Z), Z)), Union(Sequence(Z), Z))}, unlabeled ]: seq(combstruct[count ](spec, size=n), n=0..20);
a[0]:=0:a[1]:=1:for n from 2 to 100 do a[n]:=2*a[n-2]+2 od: seq(a[n]/2, n=2..43); # Zerinvary Lajos, Mar 16 2008
MATHEMATICA
a[n_]:= If[EvenQ[n], 2^(n/2+1) -1, 3*2^((n-1)/2) -1]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 41}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 05 2004 *) a[0]=1; a[1]=2; a[n_]:= a[n]= 2 a[n-2] +1; Array[a, 42, 0]
a[n_]:= (2 + Mod[n, 2]) 2^Quotient[n, 2] - 1; (* Michael Somos, Jun 24 2018 *)
PROG
(Perl)# command line argument tells how high to take n
# Beyond a(38) = 786431 you may need a special code to handle large integers
$lim = shift;
sub show{};
$n = $incr = $P = 1;
show($n, $incr, $P);
$incr = 1;
for $n (2..$lim) {
$P += $incr;
show($n, $P, $incr, $P);
$incr *=2 if ($n % 2); # double the increment after an odd n
}
sub show {
my($n, $P) = @_;
printf("%4d\t%16g\n", $n, $P);
}
# Mark A. Mandel (thnidu aT g ma(il) doT c0m), Dec 29 2010
(PARI) {a(n) = (n%2 + 2) * 2^(n\2) - 1}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 24 2018 */ (Haskell)
a052955 n = a052955_list !! n
a052955_list = 1 : 2 : map ((+ 1) . (* 2)) a052955_list
(Magma) [((5-(-1)^n)/2)*2^((2*n-1+(-1)^n)/4)-1: n in [0..45]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 22 2019 (Sage) [((5-(-1)^n)/2)*2^((2*n-1+(-1)^n)/4)-1 for n in (0..45)] # G. C. Greubel, Oct 22 2019 (GAP) List([0..45], n-> ((5-(-1)^n)/2)*2^((2*n-1+(-1)^n)/4)-1); # G. C. Greubel, Oct 22 2019 (Python)
CROSSREFS
See A016116 for the first differences. The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent: A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A060482, A136252 (minor differences from A354788 at the start); A354785 (3*s(n)), A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
AUTHOR
encyclopedia(AT)pommard.inria.fr, Jan 25 2000
1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 16, 16, 32, 32, 64, 64, 128, 128, 256, 256, 512, 512, 1024, 1024, 2048, 2048, 4096, 4096, 8192, 8192, 16384, 16384, 32768, 32768, 65536, 65536, 131072, 131072, 262144, 262144, 524288, 524288, 1048576, 1048576, 2097152, 2097152
COMMENTS
a(n) is also the number of median-reflective (palindrome) symmetric patterns in a top-down equilateral triangular arrangement of closely packed black and white cells satisfying the local matching rule of Pascal's triangle modulo 2, where n is the number of cells in each edge of the arrangement. The matching rule is such that any elementary top-down triangle of three neighboring cells in the arrangement contains either one or three white cells.
The number of possibilities for an n-game (sub)set of tennis with neither player gaining a 2-game advantage. (Motivated by the marathon Isner-Mahut match at Wimbledon, 2010.) - Barry Cipra, Jun 28 2010 Number of achiral rows of n colors using up to two colors. For a(3)=4, the rows are AAA, ABA, BAB, and BBB. - Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018
FORMULA
a(n) = 2^ceiling(n/2).
E.g.f.: cosh(sqrt(2)*x) + sqrt(2)*sinh(sqrt(2)*x). - Stefano Spezia, Feb 02 2023
MAPLE
for n from 0 to 100 do printf(`%d, `, 2^ceil(n/2)) od:
MATHEMATICA
2^Ceiling[Range[0, 50]/2] (* or *) Riffle[2^Range[0, 25], 2^Range[25]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 05 2013 *)
PROG
(PARI) { for (n=0, 500, write("b060546.txt", n, " ", 2^ceil(n/2)); ) } \\ Harry J. Smith, Jul 06 2009 (Magma) [2^Ceiling(n/2): n in [0..50]]; // G. C. Greubel, Nov 07 2018
CROSSREFS
The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent: A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A060482, A136252 (minor differences from A354788 at the start); A354785 (3*s(n)), A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
AUTHOR
André Barbé (Andre.Barbe(AT)esat.kuleuven.ac.be), Apr 03 2001
New record highs reached in A060030.
+10
25
1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 13, 21, 29, 45, 61, 93, 125, 189, 253, 381, 509, 765, 1021, 1533, 2045, 3069, 4093, 6141, 8189, 12285, 16381, 24573, 32765, 49149, 65533, 98301, 131069, 196605, 262141, 393213, 524285, 786429, 1048573, 1572861, 2097149, 3145725, 4194301, 6291453
FORMULA
a(n) = a(n-1) + 2^((n-1)/2) = 2*a(n-2) + 3 = a(n-1) + A016116(n-1) = A027383(n-1) - 1 = 2* A027383(n-3) + 1 = 4* A052955(n-4) + 1. a(2n) = 2^(n+1) - 3; a(2n+1) = 3*2^n - 3. a(n) = a(n-1) + 2*a(n-2) - 2*a(n-3) for n > 5.
G.f.: x*(2*x^4-x^2+x+1) / ((x-1)*(2*x^2-1)). (End)
E.g.f.: 1 + x + x^2/2 - 3*cosh(x) + 2*cosh(sqrt(2)*x) - 3*sinh(x) + 3*sinh(sqrt(2)*x)/sqrt(2). - Stefano Spezia, Jul 25 2024
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{1, 2, -2}, {1, 2, 3, 5, 9}, 50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 11 2016 *)
PROG
(PARI) { for (n=1, 1000, if (n%2==0, m=n/2; a=2^(m + 1) - 3, m=(n - 1)/2; a=3*2^m - 3); if (n<3, a=n); write("b060482.txt", n, " ", a); ) } \\ Harry J. Smith, Jul 05 2009
CROSSREFS
The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent: A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A060482, A136252 (minor differences from A354788 at the start); A354785 (3*s(n)), A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
a(n) = a(n-1) + 2*a(n-2) - 2*a(n-3).
+10
25
1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 21, 29, 45, 61, 93, 125, 189, 253, 381, 509, 765, 1021, 1533, 2045, 3069, 4093, 6141, 8189, 12285, 16381, 24573, 32765, 49149, 65533, 98301, 131069, 196605, 262141, 393213, 524285, 786429, 1048573, 1572861, 2097149, 3145725, 4194301, 6291453, 8388605
COMMENTS
For n >= 2, number of n X n arrays with values that are squares of integers, having all 2 X 2 subblocks summing to 4. - R. H. Hardin, Apr 03 2009 Number of moves required in 4-peg Tower of Hanoi solution using a (suboptimal) recursive algorithm: Move (n-2) disks, move bottom 2 disks, move (n-2) disks. Cf. A007664. - Toby Gottfried, Nov 29 2010
FORMULA
a(n) = 2^((1/2)*n-1)*(4 + 4(-1)^n + 3*sqrt(2)*(1-(-1)^n)) - 3. - Emeric Deutsch, Mar 31 2008 a(n) = 2*a(n-2) + 3; first differences are powers of 2, occurring in pairs. - Toby Gottfried, Nov 29 2010 E.g.f.: 4*cosh(sqrt(2)*x) + 3*sqrt(2)*sinh(sqrt(2)*x) - 3*cosh(x) - 3*sinh(x). - Stefano Spezia, May 13 2023
MAPLE
a:=proc(n) options operator, arrow: 2^((1/2)*n-1)*(4+4*(-1)^n+3*sqrt(2)*(1-(-1)^n))-3 end proc: seq(a(n), n=0..40); # Emeric Deutsch, Mar 31 2008
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{1, 2, -2}, {1, 3, 5}, 100] (* G. C. Greubel, Feb 18 2017 *)
PROG
(PARI) x='x+O('x^50); Vec((1+2*x)/((1-x)*(1-2*x^2))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Feb 18 2017
CROSSREFS
Cf. A007664 (Optimal 4-peg Tower of Hanoi). The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent: A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A060482, A136252 (minor differences from A354788 at the start); A354785 (3*s(n)), A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
a(2*n) = 2^n; a(2*n+1) = -(2^(n+1)).
+10
25
1, -2, 2, -4, 4, -8, 8, -16, 16, -32, 32, -64, 64, -128, 128, -256, 256, -512, 512, -1024, 1024, -2048, 2048, -4096, 4096, -8192, 8192, -16384, 16384, -32768, 32768, -65536, 65536, -131072, 131072, -262144, 262144, -524288, 524288, -1048576, 1048576
COMMENTS
Ratios of successive terms are -2,-1,-2,-1,-2,-1,-2,-1,... - Philippe Deléham, Dec 12 2008
FORMULA
G.f.: (1 - 2*x)/(1 - 2*x^2).
a(n) = 2*a(n-2); a(0)=1, a(1)=-2.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A147703(n,k)*(-3)^k. E.g.f.: cosh(sqrt(2)*x) - sqrt(2)*sinh(sqrt(2)*x). - Stefano Spezia, Feb 05 2023
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{0, 2}, {1, -2}, 50] (* Paolo Xausa, Jul 19 2024 *)
CROSSREFS
The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent: A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A060482, A136252 (minor differences from A354788 at the start); A354785 (3*s(n)), A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
Expansion of (1-x^3)/((1-x)*(1+2*x^2)).
+10
24
1, 1, -1, -2, 2, 4, -4, -8, 8, 16, -16, -32, 32, 64, -64, -128, 128, 256, -256, -512, 512, 1024, -1024, -2048, 2048, 4096, -4096, -8192, 8192, 16384, -16384, -32768, 32768, 65536, -65536, -131072, 131072, 262144, -262144, -524288, 524288
COMMENTS
b(n) = abs(a(n)) = A158780(n+1) = 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,8,... . Consider the autosequence (that is a sequence whose inverse binomial transform is equal to the signed sequence) of the first kind of the example. Its numerator is A046978(n), its denominator is b(n). The numerator of the first column is A075553(n). The denominator corresponding to the 0's is a choice.
The classical denominator is 1,1,1,2,1,4,4,8,1,16,16,32,1,... . (End)
FORMULA
a(n) = a(n-1) - 2*a(n-2) + 2*a(n-3) for n >= 3.
a(n) = (cos(Pi*n/2) + sin(Pi*n/2)) * (2^((n-1)/2)*(1-(-1)^n)/2 + 2^((n-2)/2)*(1+(-1)^n)/2 + 0^n/2).
E.g.f.: (1 + cos(sqrt(2)*x) + sqrt(2)*sin(sqrt(2)*x))/2. - Stefano Spezia, Feb 05 2023 a(n) = (-1)^floor(n/2)*2^floor((n-1)/2), with a(0) = 1. - G. C. Greubel, Apr 19 2023
EXAMPLE
0/1, 1/1 1/1, 1/2, 0/2, -1/4, -1/4, -1/8, ...
1/1, 0/1, -1/2, -1/2, -1/4, 0/4, 1/8, 1/8, ...
-1/1, -1/2, 0/2, 1/4, 1/4, 1/8, 0/8, -1/16, ...
1/2, 1/2, 1/4, 0/4 -1/8, -1/8, -1/16, 0/16, ...
0/2, -1/4, -1/4, -1/8, 0/8, 1/16, 1/16, 1/32, ...
-1/4, 0/4, 1/8, 1/8, 1/16, 0/16, -1/32, -1/32, ...
1/4, 1/8, 0/8, -1/16, -1/16, -1/32, 0/32, 1/64, ...
-1/8, -1/8, -1/16, 0/16, 1/32, 1/32, 1/64, 0/64. - Paul Curtz, Oct 24 2012
MATHEMATICA
CoefficientList[Series[(1-x^3)/((1-x)(1+2x^2)), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{0, -2}, {1, 1, -1}, 45] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 09 2018 *)
PROG
(Magma) [1] cat [(-1)^Floor(n/2)*2^Floor((n-1)/2): n in [1..50]]; // G. C. Greubel, Apr 19 2023 (SageMath)
def A117575(n): return 1 if (n==0) else (-1)^(n//2)*2^((n-1)//2)
CROSSREFS
The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent: A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A060482, A136252 (minor differences from A354788 at the start); A354785 (3*s(n)), A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
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