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a[n_] := 2 * n + If[EvenQ[n] || EvenQ[IntegerExponent[n+1, 2]], 3, 2]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Aug 30 2024 *)
(PARI) a(n) = 2 * n + if(!(n % 2) || !(valuation(n+1, 2) % 2), 3, 2); \\ Amiram Eldar, Aug 30 2024
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Hsien-Kuei Hwang, S. Janson, and T.-H. Tsai, <a href="http://140.109.74.92/hk/wp-content/files/2016/12/aat-hhrr-1.pdf">Exact and asymptotic solutions of the recurrence f(n) = f(floor(n/2)) + f(ceiling(n/2)) + g(n): theory and applications</a>, Preprint 2016.
Hsien-Kuei Hwang, S. Janson, and T.-H. Tsai, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3127585">Exact and Asymptotic Solutions of a Divide-and-Conquer Recurrence Dividing at Half: Theory and Applications</a>, ACM Transactions on Algorithms, 13:4 (2017), #47; DOI: 10.1145/3127585.
Vladimir Shevelev, <a href="httphttps://arXivarxiv.org/abs/0904.2101">Several results on sequences which are similar to the positive integers</a>, arXiv:0904.2101 [math.NT], 2009.
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There is a conjecture arising in sequencedb.net Sequence Machine that a(n) = A026491(2+n)-1. This appears to be true: Here we start from on odious or evil number and apply a minimum number of van-Eck-Transforms (of A171898) to reach a value larger than a(n-1). The Dekking formula in A026491 says that A026491 is essentially a partial sum of the backward van-Eck-Transforms, and in a (vague) manner this seems to match.
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