OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
Consider a simple cellular automaton, a grid of binary cells c(i,j), where the next state of the grid is calculated by applying the following rule to each cell: c(i,j) = ( c(i+1,j-1) + c(i+1,j+1) + c(i-1,j-1) + c(i-1,j+1) ) mod 2 If we start with a single cell having the value 1 and all the others 0, then the aggregate values of the subsequent states of the grid will be the terms in this sequence. - Andras Erszegi (erszegi.andras(AT)chello.hu), Mar 31 2006. See link for initial states. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 12 2015
This is the odd-rule cellular automaton defined by OddRule 033 (see Ekhad-Sloane-Zeilberger "Odd-Rule Cellular Automata on the Square Grid" link). - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 25 2015
First differences of A116520. - Omar E. Pol, May 05 2010
LINKS
N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
David Applegate, Omar E. Pol, and N. J. A. Sloane, The Toothpick Sequence and Other Sequences from Cellular Automata, Congressus Numerantium, Vol. 206 (2010), 157-191. [There is a typo in Theorem 6: (13) should read u(n) = 4.3^(wt(n-1)-1) for n >= 2.]
Shalosh B. Ekhad, N. J. A. Sloane, and Doron Zeilberger, A Meta-Algorithm for Creating Fast Algorithms for Counting ON Cells in Odd-Rule Cellular Automata, arXiv:1503.01796 [math.CO], 2015; see also the Accompanying Maple Package.
Shalosh B. Ekhad, N. J. A. Sloane, and Doron Zeilberger, Odd-Rule Cellular Automata on the Square Grid, arXiv:1503.04249 [math.CO], 2015.
Nathan Epstein, Animation of CA generating A102376
N. J. A. Sloane, On the No. of ON Cells in Cellular Automata, Video of talk in Doron Zeilberger's Experimental Math Seminar at Rutgers University, Feb. 05 2015: Part 1, Part 2
N. J. A. Sloane, On the Number of ON Cells in Cellular Automata, arXiv:1503.01168 [math.CO], 2015.
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of generations 0-15 of the cellular automaton
N. J. A. Sloane, Catalog of Toothpick and Cellular Automata Sequences in the OEIS
Alexander Yu. Vlasov, Modelling reliability of reversible circuits with 2D second-order cellular automata, arXiv:2312.13034 [nlin.CG], 2023. See page 13.
FORMULA
Formulas due to Paul D. Hanna: (Start)
G.f.: Product_{k>=0} 1 + 4x^(2^k).
a(n) = Product_{k=0..log_2(n)} 4^b(n, k), b(n, k)=coefficient of 2^k in binary expansion of n.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (C(n, k) mod 2)*3^A000120(n-k). (End)
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (C(n, k) mod 2) * Sum_{j=0..k} (C(k, j) mod 2) * Sum_{i=0..j} (C(j, i) mod 2). - Paul Barry, Apr 01 2005
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^4)) where f(u, v, w) = w * (u^2 - 2*u*v + 5*v^2) - 4*v^3. - Michael Somos, May 29 2008
Run length transform of A000302. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 23 2015
EXAMPLE
1 + 4*x + 4*x^2 + 16*x^3 + 4*x^4 + 16*x^5 + 16*x^6 + 64*x^7 + 4*x^8 + ...
From Omar E. Pol, Jun 07 2009: (Start)
Triangle begins:
1;
4;
4,16;
4,16,16,64;
4,16,16,64,16,64,64,256;
4,16,16,64,16,64,64,256,16,64,64,256,64,256,256,1024;
4,16,16,64,16,64,64,256,16,64,64,256,64,256,256,1024,16,64,64,256,64,256,...
(End)
MAPLE
seq(4^convert(convert(n, base, 2), `+`), n=0..100); # Robert Israel, Apr 30 2017
MATHEMATICA
Table[4^DigitCount[n, 2, 1], {n, 0, 100}] (* Indranil Ghosh, Apr 30 2017 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<0, 0, 4^subst( Pol( binary(n)), x, 1))} /* Michael Somos, May 29 2008 */
a(n) = 4^hammingweight(n); \\ Michel Marcus, Apr 30 2017
(Haskell)
a102376 = (4 ^) . a000120 -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 13 2015
(Python)
def a(n): return 4**bin(n)[2:].count("1") # Indranil Ghosh, Apr 30 2017
(Python 3.10+)
def A102376(n): return 1<<(n.bit_count()<<1) # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 15 2022
CROSSREFS
For generating functions Prod_{k>=0} (1+a*x^(b^k)) for the following values of (a,b) see: (1,2) A000012 and A000027, (1,3) A039966 and A005836, (1,4) A151666 and A000695, (1,5) A151667 and A033042, (2,2) A001316, (2,3) A151668, (2,4) A151669, (2,5) A151670, (3,2) A048883, (3,3) A117940, (3,4) A151665, (3,5) A151671, (4,2) A102376, (4,3) A151672, (4,4) A151673, (4,5) A151674.
A151783 is a very similar sequence.
See A160239 for the analogous CA defined by Rule 204 on an 8-celled neighborhood.
KEYWORD
easy,nonn,tabf
AUTHOR
Paul Barry, Jan 05 2005
STATUS
approved