OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
Also indices in any square spiral organized like A054551.
Equals binomial transform of [1, 1, 8, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, May 11 2008
Ulam's spiral (E spoke). - Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 31 2011
For n > 0: left edge of the triangle A033293. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 18 2012
LINKS
Harvey P. Dale, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Scientific American, Cover of the March 1964 issue
Leo Tavares, Illustration: Hexagon/Square Pairs
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-3,1).
FORMULA
G.f.: (1 - x + 8*x^2)/(1-x)^3.
a(n) = 8*n + a(n-1) - 7 (with a(0)=1). - Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 07 2010
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3); a(0)=1, a(1)=2, a(2)=11. - Harvey P. Dale, Oct 10 2011
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(1 + x + 4*x^2). - Stefano Spezia, May 14 2021
EXAMPLE
The spiral begins:
.
197-196-195-194-193-192-191-190-189-188-187-186-185-184-183
| |
198 145-144-143-142-141-140-139-138-137-136-135-134-133 182
| | | |
199 146 101-100--99--98--97--96--95--94--93--92--91 132 181
| | | | | |
200 147 102 65--64--63--62--61--60--59--58--57 90 131 180
| | | | | | | |
201 148 103 66 37--36--35--34--33--32--31 56 89 130 179
| | | | | | | | | |
202 149 104 67 38 17--16--15--14--13 30 55 88 129 178
| | | | | | | | | | | |
203 150 105 68 39 18 5---4---3 12 29 54 87 128 177
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
204 151 106 69 40 19 6 1---2 11 28 53 86 127 176
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
205 152 107 70 41 20 7---8---9--10 27 52 85 126 175
| | | | | | | | | | |
206 153 108 71 42 21--22--23--24--25--26 51 84 125 174
| | | | | | | | |
207 154 109 72 43--44--45--46--47--48--49--50 83 124 173
| | | | | | |
208 155 110 73--74--75--76--77--78--79--80--81--82 123 172
| | | | |
209 156 111-112-113-114-115-116-117-118-119-120-121-122 171
| | |
210 157-158-159-160-161-162-163-164-165-166-167-168-169-170
|
211-212-213-214-215-216-217-218-219-220-221-222-223-224-225
.
- Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 04 2014
MAPLE
MATHEMATICA
f[n_] := 4*n^2 - 3*n + 1; Array[f, 50, 0] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Sep 01 2008 *)
LinearRecurrence[{3, -3, 1}, {1, 2, 11}, 50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 01 2024 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)= 4*n^2-3*n+1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 15 2012
(Magma) [4*n^2-3*n+1 : n in [0..50]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 11 2014
CROSSREFS
Sequences on the four axes of the square spiral: Starting at 0: A001107, A033991, A007742, A033954; starting at 1: A054552, A054556, A054567, A033951.
Sequences on the four diagonals of the square spiral: Starting at 0: A002939 = 2*A000384, A016742 = 4*A000290, A002943 = 2*A014105, A033996 = 8*A000217; starting at 1: A054554, A053755, A054569, A016754.
Sequences obtained by reading alternate terms on the X and Y axes and the two main diagonals of the square spiral: Starting at 0: A035608, A156859, A002378 = 2*A000217, A137932 = 4*A002620; starting at 1: A317186, A267682, A002061, A080335.
Cf. A003215.
KEYWORD
easy,nonn
AUTHOR
Enoch Haga and G. L. Honaker, Jr., Apr 09 2000
STATUS
approved